UNIT 10: PEOPLE AND SOCIETY

VOCABULARY IN CONTRAST

WORDS ENGLISH EXAMPLE VIETNAMESE

MEANING MEANING

1. Relationship the way in which two - The relationship (n) Mối quan hệ
people, groups or between the police and
/rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/
countries behave the local community has
towards each other or improved.
deal with each other

2. Connection something that connects - Scientists have (n) Mối liên hệ

/kəˈnekʃn/ two facts, ideas, etc. established a connection
between cholesterol
SYNONYM link
levels and heart disease.

3. Blame responsibility for doing - Why do I always get (n) việc đổ lỗi
something badly or the blame for everything
/bleɪm/
wrongly; saying that that goes wrong?
somebody is
responsible for
something

(v) to think or say that (v) đổ lỗi

sb/sth is responsible for - Why is he blaming

something bad others for his problems?

4. Fault the responsibility for - Why should I say sorry (n) Lỗi
something wrong that when it's not my fault?
/fɔːlt/
has happened or been
done.

5. Old having lived for a long - She was a woman (adj) Già, cũ

/əʊld/ time; no longer young grown old before her

time (= who looked older
than she was).
6. Ancient very old; having existed - Archaeologists are (adj) Cổ
/ˈeɪnʃənt/ for a very long time excavating the ruined
temples of this ancient
civilization.

7. Crowd large number of people - A small crowd had (n) Đám đông
/kraʊd/ gathered together in a gathered outside the
public place, for church.
example in the streets
or at a sports game

8. Audience the group of people - The audience was/were (n) Khán giả
who have gathered to clapping for 10 minutes.
/ˈɔːdiəns/
watch or listen to
something (a play,
concert, somebody
speaking, etc.)

9. Enjoy to get pleasure from - We thoroughly enjoyed (v) Thích

something our time in New York.
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/

10. Please to make somebody - Children are usually (v) Làm ai đó hài lòng
happy easy to please.
/pliːz/

11. Support to help or encourage - The majority of (v) Hổ trợ, giúp đỡ, ủng
somebody/something ordinary citizens did not hộ, nuôi
/səˈpɔːrt/
by saying or showing support the war.
that you agree with
- He struggles to support
them/it his family.
SYNONYM back ( ủng
hộ)

12. Assist to help somebody to do - Anyone willing to assist (v) Giúp đỡ

something can contact this number.
/əˈsɪst/
13. Kind caring about others; - He was kind enough to (adj) Tử tế
gentle, friendly and take time out of his busy
/kaɪnd/
generous schedule to come here
today.

14. Polite having or showing good - Our waiter was very (adj) Lịch sự
manners and respect for polite and helpful.
/pəˈlaɪt/
the feelings of others

SYNONYM courteous

15.Sympathetic kind to somebody who - She was very (adj) cảm thông
is hurt or sad; showing sympathetic when I was
/ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/
that you understand and sick.
care about their
problems

16. Likeable pleasant and easy to - She’s warm, friendly (adj) Dễ mến
like and likeable.
/ˈlaɪkəbl/

17. Nervous anxious about - I felt really nervous (adj) lo lắng

something or afraid of before the interview.
/ˈnɜːvəs/
something

18. often angry; in an angry - She gets very bad- (adj) Nóng tính
mood tempered when she's
Bad-tempered
tired.
/ˌbæd ˈtempəd/

19. Sensitive aware of and able to - She is very sensitive to (adj) Nhạy cảm
understand other people other people's feelings.
/ˈsensətɪv/
and their feelings

20. Sensible able to make good - She's a sensible sort of (adj) Tinh te
judgements based on person.
/ˈsensəbl/
reason and experience
 rather than emotion;
practical

21. Company the fact of being with - He's very good (n) sự đồng hành, bạn
somebody else and not company. đồng hành
/ˈkʌmpəni/
alone

22. Group a number of people or - A group of us are going (n) Nhóm

things that are together to the theatre this
/ɡruːp/
in the same place or evening.
that are connected in
some way

23. Popular liked or enjoyed by a - This is one of our most (adj) Được yêu thích
large number of people popular designs.
/ˈpɒpjələ(r)/

24. Famous known about by many - The actor was one of (adj) Nổi tiếng
people many famous faces at the
/ˈfeɪməs/
party.

25. typical having the usual - This meal is typical of (adj) tiêu biểu
/ˈtɪpɪkl/ qualities or features of a local cookery.
particular type of
person, thing or group

SYNONYM
representative

26. usual that happens or is done - This is the usual way of (adj) Bình thường
most of the time or in doing it.
/ˈjuːʒəl/
most cases .
SYNONYM normal

27. ordinary not unusual or different - She was a perfectly (adj) Bình thường
in any way ordinary little girl.
/ˈɔːdnri/
28. close knowing somebody - She is very close to her (adj) Gần gũi
very well and liking father.
/kləʊz/
them very much

29. near at a short distance away - Do you live near here? (prep) Gần
from
/nɪə(r)/ (khoảng cách)
somebody/something

30. unknown not known or identified - The man's identity (adj) Chưa được biết
remains unknown. đến
/ˌʌnˈnəʊn/

31. infamous well known for being - The list included the (adj) Khét tiếng
bad or evil infamous George Drake,
/ˈɪnfəməs/
a double murderer.
SYNONYM notorious

PHẦN 2: PHRASAL VERBS

WORDS ENGLISH EXAMPLES VIETNAMESE

MEANINGS MEANING

1. ask for Ask for news about Tell your father I was Hỏi thông tin về
asking after him.

2. bring up Look after a child until She brought up five Nuôi dưỡng
he/ she becomes an children.
adult

3. fall for Fall in love with; They fell for each other Yêu// tin vào 1 trò đùa,
believe instantly. 1 lời nói dối

( a trick, a lie….)

4. fall out with Have an argument with Apparently, Gina fell out cãi nhau
and stop being friends. with Dave last week, and
now they're not talking to
each other at all.
 good She's never really got on
5. get on (with) Have a Có mối quan hệ tốt
with her sister.
relationship with

6. grow up Become older Their children have all Trưởng thành

grown up and left home
now.

7. look down on Think what you are She looks down on people Coi thường
better than who haven't been to
college.

8. look up to Admire ans respect He'd always looked up to Tôn trọng

his uncle.

9. make up - Become friends again - Has he made it up with - Làm hòa

after an agurment. her yet?

- to put powder, lipstick, - trang điểm

etc. on
your/somebody’s face
to make it more
attractive

- to invent a story, etc., - He made up some - bịa (chuyện…)

especially in order to excuse about his daughter
trick or entertain being sick.
somebody

10. pass away Die - His mother passed away Mất, qua đời
last year.

11. pick on Keep treating someone - She was picked on by Đối xử tệ

badly or unfairly the other girls because of
her size.

12. put down - Criticise, make - The boss is always - Phê bình ai
someone feel stupid putting me down in front
of everyone in the office.
 - to kill an animal, - We had to have our cat - giết nhân đạo
usually by giving it a put down.
drug, because it is old or
sick

13. settle down Become calm after - When are you going to An cư
being upset…; stay in get married and settle
one place or get married down?
and live quitely

14. stand up for Support in an argument - You must stand up for ủng hộ
or fight your rights.

15. taken aback Surprise ( passive voice) - Brendan was taken Làm cho ai ngạc nhiên
aback by her sudden (thường chia ở dạng bị
question. động)

PHRASES AND COLLOCATIONS:

WORDS PHRASES AND EXAMPLES VIETNAMESE

COLLOCATIONS MEANING
1. show/ give (your) - The IMF is unlikely to give Bày tỏ sự tán thành
Approval
approval of/ for sth its approval.
2. meet with sb's - Does the wine meet with Có được sự tán thành
approval your approval? (= Do you like của ai
the wine?)
3. have an argument - We had an argument with the Tranh cãi với ai về vấn
Argument
with sb ( about sth) waiter about the bill. đề gì
4. win/ lose an - The party hopes to win the Thắng / thua trong cuộc
argument argument about how to tranh luận
reform the health system.
- The first one who resorts to
violence is usually the one
who’s lost the argument.
 5. take care of sb/ sth - Who’s taking care of the dog Chăm sóc ai/ cái gì
Care
while you’re away?
6. care for - He thanked the nurses who Chăm sóc
had cared for him.
7. care about - It is good to know that there lo lắng cho ai đó
is someone who cares.
8. have the courage to - They had the courage to Có can đảm làm gì
Courage
do stand up and fight for what
they believed in.
9. It takes courage to - It takes courage to sing in Lấy hết can đảm làm gì
do public.
10. in disguise - The star travelled in disguise Trong tình trạng hóa
Disguise
trang
11. wear a disguise - She was wearing a disguise Hóa trang
of a blonde wig and glasses.
12. disguise yourself - She disguised herself as a Hóa trang bản thân
boy.
13. disguised as sth/ sb - She was cleverly disguised Hóa trang như là
as a policewoman.
14. have a dream - I had a really weird dream Mơ về cái gì
Dream
(about st/ sb/ doing) last night.
15. daydream - She stared out of the Mơ giữa ban ngày
window, lost in a daydream.
16. dream of - he film is an exploration of a - mong muốn cái gì
dream about young boy's dream of a better - Mơ về
life
- a vivid dream about my old
school.
17. have/ start a family - Do they plan to start a family Lập gia đình
Family
(= have children)?
 18. nuclear family - Not everybody nowadays Gia đình hạt nhân (ba
lives in the conventional mẹ và con cái)
nuclear family.
19. one-parent/single- - Henry liked the idea of being Gia đình gồm 1 cha/ mẹ
parent family a single-parent family.
20. extended family - She grew up surrounded by a Gia đình nhiều thế hệ
large extended family.
21. do/ owe sb a favour - Could you do me a favour giúp đỡ/nợ ai đó 1 ân
Favour
and pick up Sam from school huệ
today?
- I'll ask Steve to take it. He
owes me a favour
22. be in favour of - She's not in favour with (= ủng hộ
supported or liked by) the
media just now.
23. make/ become/ be/ - Simon finds it hard to make Làm bạn
Friend
stay friends (with sb) friends with other children.
24. best friend - There were a few occasions Bạn thân
of participants wanting to
choose the same as their best
friend.
25. be/ fall in love with - They fell in love with each Yêu ai
Love
sb other.
26. in a good/ bad - She's in a good mood today Tâm trạng tốt/ xấu
Mood
mood (= happy and friendly).
27. in the wrong/ right - She sat humbly in the cold Tâm trạng xấu/ tốt
mood church, making some effort to
get into the right mood for the
service.
28. in the mood for sth - I'm just not in the mood for a Có tâm trạng làm gì
party tonight.
 29. pity sb - He pitied people who were Cảm thấy đáng tiếc cho
Pity
stuck in dead-end jobs. ai
30. take a pity on sb - I took pity on her and lent her Thương hại ai
the money.
31. feel pity for sb - I could only feel pity for Cảm thấy tiếc cho ai
what they were enduring.
32. it's a pity that - It's a pity that you can't stay Thật đáng tiếc
longer.
33. promise to do - The college principal Hứa làm gì
Promise
promised to look into the
matter.
34. give/ make sb a - I try not to make promises Hứa với ai
promise that I can't keep.
35. break a/ your - He simply broke every single Thất hứa
promise promise he ever made

PHẦN 4: WORD PATTERNS

WORDS EXAMPLE VIETNAMESE MEANING

1. Agree with/ on/ - You can't expect them to agree on Đồng ý về điều gì
everything.
to sth
- He agreed with them about the need for Đồng ý với ai
2. agree with sb
change.
- He reluctantly agreed to pay for the Đồng ý làm gì
3. agree to do sth
damage.
- She agreed (that) I could go early. Đồng ý rằng
4. agree that
- His parents won't allow him to stay out Cho phép ai làm gì
5. allow sb to do
late.
- We do not allow eating in the Cho phép cái gì
6. allow sth
classrooms.
- Do you approve of my idea? Tán thanh
7. approve of sth
 - The committee unanimously approved Chính thức tán thành
8. approve sth
the plan.
- She asked the students their names. Hỏi/ yêu cầu ai điều gì
9. ask sb sth

10. ask sb to do sth - Anyone with information is asked to Yêu cầu ai làm gì
contact the police.
(for you)

11. ask about/ for - He asked about her family. Hỏi về/ hỏi xin
- Don't be afraid to ask for help.
sth
- I'll ask if it's all right to park here. Hỏi liệu rằng
12. ask if/ whether
- Terrorists attacked several targets across Tấn công
13. attack sth
the city.

14. attack sb for sth/ - He was publicly attacked for his political Tấn công ai vì điều gì
views.
doing
- The recent series of deadly terrorist 1 cuộc tấn công ai/ cái gì
15. an attack on sth/
attacks on European cities
sb

16. ban sb from sth/ - a campaign to ban sugary drinks from Cấm ai làm gì
doing schools

- The law effectively bans smoking in all Cấm cái gì

17. ban sth
public places.

18. convince sb of - You'll need to convince them of your Thuyết phục ai về điều gì
enthusiasm for the job.
(sth)
19. convince sb to - I've been trying to convince him to see a Thuyết phục ai làm gì
doctor.
do
- I’d convinced myself (that) I was right. Thuyết phục ai rằng
20. convince sb that

21. force sb to do - She forced herself to be polite to them. Ép buộc ai làm gì

sth
- Ill health forced him into early Ép buộc ai vào việc gì
22. force sb into sth/
retirement.
doing
23. independent of/ - It was important to me to be financially Độc lập
independent of my parents.
from doing
- The country became fully independent
from France in 1960.
- Let me help you with that. Cho phép ai làm gì
24. let sb do sth

25. object to sth/ - I really object to being charged for Phản đối ai làm gì
parking.
doing
- I pretended to be asleep. Giả vờ
26. pretend to be
- He pretended not to notice. Giả vờ làm gì
27. pretend to do
- We pretended (that) nothing had Giả vờ rằng
28. pretend that
happened.
- They had to rely entirely on volunteer Phụ thuộc ai
29. rely on sth/ sb
workers.

PHẦN 5: WORD FORMATION

1. able /ˈeɪbl/ (adj) có thể
/ʌnˈeɪbl/ (adj) không thể
2. unable
/əˈbɪləti/ (n) khả năng
3. ability
/ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/ (n) không có khả năng
4. inability
/dɪsˈeɪbld/ (adj) khuyết tật
5. disabled
/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ (n) sự khuyết tật
6. disability
/əˈtʃiːv/ (v) đạt được
7. achieve
/əˈtʃiːvmənt/ (n) thành tựu
8. achievement
/ˈɑːɡjuː/ (v) tranh luận
9. argue
/ˈɑːɡjumənt/ (n) sự tranh luận
10. argument
/ˌɑːɡjuˈmentətɪv/ (adj) mang tính chất tranh luận
11. argumentative
/keə(r)/ (n) sự quan tâm
12. care
(v) quan tâm
 /ˈkeəfl/ (adj) cẩn thận
13. careful
/ˈkeəfəli/ (adv) một cách cẩn thận
14. carefully
/ˈkeələs/ (adj) bất cẩn
15. careless
/ˈkeələsli/ (adv) một cách bất cẩn
16. carelessly
/ˈkeərɪŋ/ (adj) quan tâm, lo lắng
17. caring
/ʌnˈkeərɪŋ/ (adj) không quan tâm
18. uncaring
/ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd/ (v) tương tự, tương thích, viết thư
19. correspond
/ˌkɒrəˈspɒndəns/ (n) lá thư, hành động viết thư
20.
correspondence
/frend/ (n) bạn
21. friend
/ˈfrendʃɪp/ (n) tình bạn
22. friendship
/ˈfrendli/ (adj) thân thiện
23. friendly
/ʌnˈfrendli/ (adj) không thân thiện
24. unfriendly

/ˈhæpi/ (adj) hạnh phúc

25. happy
/ʌnˈhæpi/ (adj) không hạnh phúc
26. unhappy
/ˈhæpinəs/ (n) sự hạnh phúc
27. happiness
/ʌnˈhæpinəs/ (n) sự không hạnh phúc
28. unhappiness
/ˈhæpɪli/ (adv) một cách hạnh phúc
29. happily
/ʌnˈhæpɪli/ (adv) 1 cách không hạnh phúc
30. unhappily

31. jealous /ˈdʒeləs/ (adj) ghen tị

/ˈdʒeləsi/ (n) sự ghen tị

32. jealousy
/ˈdʒeləsli/ (adv) một cách ghen tị
33. jealously
/kaɪnd/ (adj) tử tế, tốt bụng
34. kind

35. unkind /ˌʌnˈkaɪnd/ (adj) không tử tế

/ˈkaɪndnəs/ (n) sự tốt bụng

36. kindness
 /ˌʌnˈkaɪndnəs/ (n) sự không tử tế, tốt bụng
37. unkindness
/ˈkaɪndli/ (adv) một cách tử tế, tốt bụng
38. kindly
/ˈmæri/ (v) kết hôn
39. marry
/ˈmærɪdʒ/ (n) hôn nhân
40. marriage
/ˈmærid/ (adj) đã kết hôn
41. married
/ˌʌnˈmærid/ (adj) độc thân
42. unmarried
/nɜːv/ (n) thần kinh
43. nerve
/ˈnɜːvəs/ (adj) thuộc về thần kinh// hồi hộp
44. nervous
/ˈnɜːvəsli/ (adv) 1 cách hồi hộp
45. nervously
/ˈnɜːvəsnəs/ (n) sự hồi hộp
46. nervousness

/əˈbeɪ/ (v) vâng lời, tuân theo

47. obey
/ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ/ (v) không vâng lời
48. disobey
/əˈbiːdiənt/ (adj) vâng lời
49. obedient
/ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiənt/ (adj) không vâng lời
50. disobedient
/əˈbiːdiəntli/ (adv) 1 cách vâng lời
51. obediently
/ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəntli/ (adv) 1 cách không vâng lời
52. disobediently
/əˈbiːdiəns/ (n) sự vâng lời
53. obedience
/ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/ (n) sự không vâng lời
54. disobedience
/ˈpɜːsn/ (n) 1 người
55. person

56. personal /ˈpɜːsənl/ (adj) thuộc về cá nhân

/ɪmˈpɜːsənl/ (adj) không có tính người

57. impersonal
/ˈpɜːsənəli/ (adv) cá nhân
58. personally
/ɪmˈpɜːsənəli/ (adv) không có tính người
59. impersonally

60. personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ (n) tính cách

/pəˈlaɪt/ (adj) lịch sự

61. polite
 /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ (adj) bất lịch sự
62. impolite
/pəˈlaɪtli/ (adv) một cách lịch sự
63. politely
/ˌɪmpəˈlaɪtli/ (adv) một cách bất lịch sự
64. impolitely
/pəˈlaɪtnəs/ (n) lịch sự
65. politeness
/ˌɪmpəˈlaɪtnəs/ (n) bất lịch sự
66. impoliteness
/rɪˈleɪt/ (v) liên quan
67. relate
/ˈrelətɪv/ (adj) tương đối
68. relative
(n) họ hàng
/ˈrelətɪvli/ (adv) một cách tương đối
69. relatively
/rɪˈleɪʃn/ (n) mối liên hệ
70. relation
/rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ (n) mối quan hệ
71. relationship

72. willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/ (adj) sẵn sàng

/ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ/ (adj) không sẵn sàng

73. unwilling
/ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ (n) sự sẵn sàng
74. willingness
75. unwillingness /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ (n) sự không sẵn sàng

/ˈwɪlɪŋli/ (adv) một cách sẵn sàng

76. willingly
/ʌnˈwɪlɪŋli/ (adv) một cách không sẵn sàng
77. unwillingly