UNIT 1: HOMELIFE

VOCABULARY PHONETICS MEANING EXAMPLE

/həʊm/ Mái nhà - The wetland is home
Home (n)
 liên quan đến môi to a variety of wildlife,
 Be home to (a)
trường sống especially birds.
House (n)
/haʊs/ ngôi nhà - It will be difficult to
 House (v)
 cung cấp nơi ở house all the refugees.
- Do you think it's true
that teenage girls are
Đồng trang lứa, dạng bạn less self-confident than
Peer (n)
bè their male peers?
 Without peer = /pɪər/
 Không có đối thủ, vô - He would also emerge
unrivalled
địch as an unrivalled
/ʌnˈraɪvəld/
photographer and film-
cameraman.
- ‘Come back!’ she
shouted.
- He apologized because
he had shouted at her in
front of them all.
- The crowd shouted him
Shout (v) La hét down when he tried to
 Shout at sb /ʃaʊt/  Hét lên cho ai nghe give his speech.
 Shout sb down  Làm ồn cho không ai - Her speech was
 Shout (n) nghe interrupted by angry
 One's shout  Tiếng la hét shouts from the
 Give sb a shout  Chầu khao của ai đó audience.
 Kể ai đó nghe chuyện - ‘Do you want another
gì drink? My shout.’
- Give me a shout when
you've finished in the
bathroom.

- The two adolescent

boys made their mother
Adolescent (a) /ædəˈlesənt/ Đang tuổi dậy thì very tired.
 Adolescent (n) /ædəˈlesənt/  Độ tuổi dậy thì - She doesn't understand
the emotional problems
of adolescents.
- Doesn't all this
violence on TV disgust
you?
Disgust (v) /dɪsˈɡʌst/ Gây phẫn nộ, ghê tởm - Passengers were kept
 Disgusting = /dɪsˈɡʌs.tɪŋ/ =  Ghê tởm, cực kì khó for three hours in a
disgustful /dɪsˈɡʌstfʊl/ chịu disgusting waiting
 Disgusted (a) /dɪsˈɡʌs.tɪd/  Cảm thấy khó chịu room.
cực kì, ghê tởm - She was disgusted at
the way they treated
their children.
 Trừng mắt, chiếu sáng - She glared angrily at
chói everyone and stormed
 Cái nhìn giận dữ, out of the room.
Glare (v) /ɡleər/
ánh sáng chói lòa - She gave me a fierce
 Glare (n) /ɡleər/
glare.
- This screen gives off a
lot of glare.
- The driver gave a
glance back as he
Glance (n) Cái liếc qua, nhìn lướt qua moved into the passing
/ɡlɑːns/
 Steal a glance at  Liếc trộm lane.
- He stole a glance at
the clock behind her.
- She became part of his
household.
- He was a household
Household (n) /ˈhaʊs.həʊld/ Hộ, gia đình name in the 1950s.
 Household name(n) /ˌhaʊs.həʊld  Một cái tên phổ biến - Opportunities for
 Do household chores ˈneɪm/  Làm việc nhà conversation may arise
 Run the household = /haʊs.həʊld tʃɔːr/  Quán xuyến gia đình/ if you and your children
keep the family up duy trì hộ gia đình vẫn do the household
and going có thể tiếp tục tồn tại chores together.
- My mother takes
responsibility for
running the household.
- First, externality-
based arguments
Close – knit (a) /kləʊsˈnɪt/ Gắn kết
require that groups are
close-knit.
- There followed a frank
Frank (a) Thẳng thắn exchange of views.
/fræŋk/
 Frankly (adv)  Một cách thẳng - She spoke very frankly
/ˈfræŋ.kli/
thắn about her experiences.
- It’s time we joined
hands to fight COVID-
Cùng nỗ lực/ đấu tranh vì 19.
Join hands
một mục tiêu nào đó. - Could you lend me a
Give/ Lend a helping hand
Giúp đỡ ai đó helping hand and these
sandwiches for the
children at orphanage?
- She has a mischievous
sense of humour.
- He needs a hobby to
Mischievous (a) /ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/ Ranh mãnh, tinh nghịch keep him busy and stop
 Mischief (n)  /ˈmɪstʃɪf/  Trò tinh nghịch, sự him from getting into
 Do yourself a mischief tổn hại mischief.
 Làm tổn thương bản - You'll do yourself a
thân mischief if you're not
careful with that knife.
- Students are expected
Obedient (a)
/əˈbiːdiənt/ to be quiet and obedient
 Disobedient (a)
 /dɪsəˈbiːdiə Vâng lời in the classroom.
 Obedience (n)
nt/  Không vâng lời
  Obey (v) = observe =  /əˈbiːdiəns/  Sự vâng lời, tuân lệnh - Anyone who is lax,
comply with (v)  /əʊˈbeɪ/ =  Nghe lời, tuân thủ disruptive, disobedient
 Compliant with /əbˈzɜːv/ = or dishonest is a serious
/kəmˈplaɪ/  Tính tuân thủ (luật lệ) liability.
 /kəmˈplaɪ. - He demands
ənt/ unquestioning
obedience from his
soldiers.
- The company expects
to be reclassified as
soon as its factories are
fully compliant with the
Federal Clean Air Act.
- He was disappointed
by his failure to secure
the top job with the
bank.
- That ladder doesn't
Secure (v) /sɪˈkjʊər/ Đảm bảo, chắc chắn được look very secure to me.
 Secure (a)  /sɪˈkjʊər/ an toàn - I wonder what it was
 Insecure (a)  /ɪnsɪˈkjʊər/  Tính an toàn about her upbringing
 Security (n)  /sɪˈkjʊərəti/  Bất an, không an that made her so
 Securely (adv)  /sɪˈkjʊəli/ tâm insecure.
 Sự an ninh, sự bảo - The banks must tighten
toàn security against fraud.
 Một cách chắc - The door was securely
chắn, an toàn, đảm fastened.
bảo
Ca làm/ sự luân phiên - Are you on the night
Shift (n) /ʃɪft/
thay đổi shift or the day shift?
có thiện cảm với ai/cái gì; - I am in favour of a
Be supportive of (a)
/səˈpɔːtɪv/ ủng hộ ai/cái gì higher tax on cigarettes.
= be in favour of
 /səˈpɔːtɪŋ/ - He has had many
 Supporting (a)
supporting roles.
- These plans are
unlikely to find favour
unless the cost is
reduced.
/ˈfeɪvər/ Sự tán thành, sự ủng hộ, - If somebody does you
Favour (n)
thiên vị a favor, try to return the
 Do somebody a
 Giúp đỡ ai đó favor. This will build
favour
 Đền ơn đáp nghĩa your business
 Return the favour
 Có lợi cho ai reputation.
 In somebody's favour
- Firms are trying to
shift the balance of
power in the labour
market back in their
favour.
- If you're willing to fly
Sẵn lòng, sẵn sàng at night, you can get a
Willing (a)
/ˈwɪlɪŋ/ Không sẵn sàng much cheaper ticket.
 Unwilling (a)
- She was unwilling to
hand over the money.
 - Life's too short to
worry about money!
- He is probably the
best-known living
architect.
Life (n) Cuộc sống - Doctors kept him alive
/laɪf/
 Lead/ live a life on a life-support
 Living (a) + N  Đang tồn tại machine.
 /ˈlɪvɪŋ/
 Alive (a) ( không N)  Còn sống - It's hard work teaching
 /əˈlaɪv/
 Lively (a)  Năng động, đầy đam a class of lively
 /ˈlaɪvli/
 Live (a) mê children.
 /laɪv/
 Live (adv)  Trực tiếp (a) - Millions of live
 Trực tiếp (adv) animals are shipped
around the world each
year.
- I've got two tickets to
see them (perform) live.
- The majority of
factories in the region
Work force (n) /ˈwɜːk.fɔːs/ Nhân lực
have a workforce of 50
to 100 (people).
- The standard of care
at our local hospital is
excellent.
- Be careful where you
Care (n) Sự chăm nom, chăm sóc put that hot pan.
/keər/
 Careful (a)  Cẩn thận My son's teacher says
 /ˈkeəfəl/
 Careless(a)  Bất cẩn that his work is often
 /ˈkeələs/
 Carefree (a)  Vô tư rather careless.
 /ˈkeəfriː/
 Caring (a)  Tính quan tâm I remember my carefree
student days.
I've always thought of
Jo as a very caring
person.
- Paul is directly
responsible for the
efficient running of the
office.
- It would be
irresponsible to ignore
Responsible (a)
/rɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ Có trách nhiệm these warnings.
 Irresponsible (a)
/ɪrɪˈspɒnsəbəl/  Vô trách nhiệm - It's her responsibility
 Responsibility (n)
/rɪspɒnsɪˈbɪləti/  Trách nhiệm to ensure the project
 Irresponsibility (n)
/ɪrɪspɒnsəˈbɪləti/  Sự vô trách nhiệm finishes on time.
 Take/ assume
 Chịu trách nhiệm - It was an act of gross
responsibility (n)
irresponsibility to leave
 Blow off responsibility
 Rủ bỏ trách nhiệm someone who wasn't
properly trained in
charge of the machine.
- If you leave your
belongings here, we
cannot assume
 responsibility for what
happens to them.
- He looks for any
excuse he can blow off
his responsibility to do
housework.

- None of our attempts

Attempt (n) Cố gắng, nỗ lực at contacting Dr.James
 Make an attempt to V was successful.
/əˈtempt/
 Attempt (v) - The doctors made one
 Attempted (a) Có nỗ lực nhưng bất last desperate attempt to
thành save the boy's life.
Tâm sự với ai - She's nice, but I don't
Confide in somebody /kənˈfaɪd/
feel I can confide in her.
- The instructions
Bewilder (v) /bɪˈwɪldər/ Confuse = làm cho ai rối completely bewildered
me.
Whenever problems
Problems come up
come up, we discuss
= problems arise Những vấn đề xảy ra
them frankly and find
= problems spring up
solutions quickly.

IDIOMS RELATED:
A home from home: a place where you feel relaxed and comfortable as if you were in your own home.
Ex: The guests are made to feel that the hotel is a home from home.
Home is where the heart is: a home is where the people you love are.
Ex: Home is certainly where the heart is they all agreed as the family sat down together for
Christmas dinner.
Make yourself at home: tự nhiên như ở nhà
Home truth : sự thật cay đắng mình không muốn chấp nhận
Ex: After growing tired of Paul’s constant complaining, Jana decided to tell him a few home truths
about his bad attitude.
It’s nothing to write home about : không có gì đặc biệt
Ex: The dinner was okay, but it was nothing to write home about.
Be home and dry = be home and free : thành công làm được gì đó (khó khăn)
Ex: I could see the finish line and thought I was home and dry.
Get on like a house on fire = to form a quick and strong friendship; to get along really well.
Ex: Those two get on like a house on fire—they’ve been inseparable since they met.”
IDIOMS AROUND THE HOUSE
Throw in the towel = quit/ stop trying
Ex: After several failed attempts to fix the sink, we threw in the towel and called a plumber.”
Throw money down the drain = waste money
Ex: Buying that old car was like throwing money down the drain.
Skeleton in the closet = một bí mật đáng xấu hổ (thường mỗi gia đình sẽ đều có)
Ex: Every family has a skeleton in the closet.“
Hit the roof = nổi nóng bật tung nóc =))))
Ex: Dad hit the roof when he saw the dent in his new car.”
Live under one roof = sống chung một nhà
Smoke like a chimney = hút thuốc quá nhiều
Ex: Ever since he started working from home, he smokes like a chimney.”
Go out the window = biến mất/ đổ sông đổ biển (vứt ra ngoài cửa sổ)
Ex: When the team lost the game, all sportsmanship went out the window.”
Everything but the kitchen sink = gần như mọi thứ
Ex: They packed everything but the kitchen sink for their weekend trip.”

HAND
Tie somebody hand and foot: prevent somebody from doing what they want by creating rules, limits,..
Ex: The robbers tied the homeowner hand and foot before ransacking the house.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush: said when you recognize that you should not risk losing
something you already have by trying to get something you think might be better
Ex: I was thinking about selling my car and buying a new one, but then I realized that a bird in the
hand is worth two in the bush.
Bite the hands that feeds you: to act badly towards the person who is helping or has helped you
Ex: We treat each of our customers with the greatest respect. We never bite the hand that feeds us.
Fall into somebody's hands = become controlled by somebody: To come into the possession of some
person, group, organization, etc., especially when it is undesirable or detrimental to someone else.
Ex: If this report falls into the media's hands, you can expect a full-blown scandal.
At first hand: obtained etc directly
Ex: I was able to acquire the information at first hand.
Gain/ have the upper hand = get an advantage over somebody: to (begin to) win, beat the enemy etc
Ex: The enemy made a fierce attack, but failed to get the upper hand.
Hands down = easily and without any doubt: very easily
Ex: You’ll win hands down.
Have your hands full = too busy to do something else: to be very busy or involved with something
Ex: I’ve got my hands full right now with a sick baby.
Have time to kill = to have nothing to do / not be busy
Ex: We've got some time to kill before we leave - do you want to have some coffee.
Know somebody/ something inside out = know somebody/ something like the back of your hand
= to be very familiar with somebody/ something
Ex: He knows the system inside out.
Make/ lose money hand over fist = to make/ lose money very fast and in large quantities
Ex: Business was good and we were making money hand over fist.
Not lift/ raise a finger/ hand to do something = to do nothing to help somebody
Ex: He never lifts a finger to help with the housework.
Off your hands = no longer your responsibility
Ex: You’ll be glad to get the children off your hands for a couple of weeks.
Wash your hands of somebody/ something = to refuse to be responsible for sth
Ex: The studio execuitives turned the movie from a drama into a comedy. The director got angry and
washed his hands of the whole project.
Out of hand = out of control
Ex: He went to see his doctor because he felt his drinking was getting out of hand.
Wait on somebody hand and foot = take care of somebody's needs so well that they do not have to do
anything for themselves
Ex: I was wallowing in the luxury of the hotel, being waited on hand and foot.
Black sheep of the family
Ex: Juan is always in trouble with the police, I don’t know why he is so different. We call him the
black sheep of the family.
Runs in the family
Ex: John is very tall, but everybody in his family is tall. It runs in the family.
Your flesh and blood
Ex: Juan is always in trouble but I have to look after him because he is my flesh and blood.
In my blood
Ex: Law is in my blood. I’m a lawyer, and so is my father, my grandfather, and two of my aunts.
Blood is thicker than water
Ex: Of course Karen is going to side with her sister in this argument. Blood is thicker than water.
Be born with a silver spoon in their mouth
 Ex: I wasn’t born with a silver spoon in my mouth. I had to work two jobs to put myself through
college.
Breadwinner
Ex: I didn’t see my father as much as I saw my mother. He was the breadwinner of the family and
worked long hours

IDIOMS ABOUT FEELINGS

1. ROLLER COASTER OF EMOTIONS cảm xúc hỗn tạp, vui buồn lần lộn
2. AS SICK AS A PARROT thất vọng tràn trề
3. OVER THE MOON hạnh phúc vui sướng
= on cloud nine
= walking on the air
= like a dog with two tails
4. IN A BLACK MOOD trong tình trạng phẫn uất
5. BOTTLE UP ONE'S EMOTIONS kìm nén cảm xúc, không bộc lộ ra ngoài
6. FEEL BLUE buồn
7. LET SB DOWN làm cho ai đó thất vọng
8. GREEN WITH ENVY ghen tị
9. RUB SOMEONE UP THE WRONG WAY chọc tức ai
10. NOT ON SPEAKING TERMS WITH bất hòa - không nói chuyện với nhau
11. THRILLED TO BITS rất hài lòng
12. DRIVE SOMEONE UP THE WALL dồn (ai đó) vào thế bí
13. BITE SOMEONE'S HEAD OFF nổi giận vô cớ
14. BE AT THE END OF ONE'S ROPE hết sức chịu đựng, hết kiên nhẫn
15. LIVE IN A FOOL'S PARADISE sống trong ảo tưởng hạnh phúc
16. HEART LEAPT sợ hết hồn, sợ chết khiếp
17. TO BE DEAD KEEN ON SB say đắm ai
18. LIVE UP TO ONE'S EXPECTATION đáp ứng mong mỏi, kì vọng của ai
19. DOWN IN THE DUMPS buồn (chán); chán nản; thất vọng
20. BE FLYING HIGH hứng khởi và vui vẻ tột cùng
UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Vocabulary Phonetics Meaning Example

Etiquette (n) /ˈetɪkət/ Nguyên tắc ứng xử/ phép Etiquette is especially important
lịch sự on occasions such
 Manners (n) as weddings and funerals.
Familiar (a) with /fəˈmɪliər/ Quen thuộc; thường được Are you familiar with this type of
nghe/ thấy nên dễ nhận ra machine?

Familiarize (v) = /fəˈmɪliəraɪz/  Làm quen, tập cho  Teachers needed to familiarize
acquaint sb with /əˈkweɪnt/ quen themselves with the new
software.
Be accustomed to /əˈkʌstəmd/ Quen với cái gì I am not accustomed to getting up
= Be used to so early.
Address (v) /əˈdres/ Suy nghĩ và giải quyết Our products address the needs of
real users.
Culture (n) /ˈkʌltʃər/ Văn hóa I love working abroad and meeting
people from different cultures.
 Cultural (a) /ˈkʌltʃərəl/  Thuộc về văn hóa  The Principal feels that
cultural education is very
important.
 Cultured (a) /ˈkʌltʃərd/  (người) có học thức
cao  He was highly cultured and came
of a family of minor nobility.
 Culture (v) /ˈkʌltʃər/
 Trau dồi  Try to cultivate a more relaxed
and positive approach to life.
Formal (a) /ˈfɔːrml/ Trang trọng, theo nghi Over the years, teaching methods
thức have changed and become less
formal.
 Formality (n) /fɔːrˈmæləti/  Nghi thức, thủ tục,  There is always some degree of
hình thức formality when one speaks to a
stranger.

 Informality (n) /ˌɪnfɔːrˈmæləti/  Sự thân mật  The restaurant has the warmth
and informality of a family-run
place.

Tend (v) + to V /tend/ Có khuynh hướng, Children tend to get unsettled if

thường you keep on changing their routine.
 Tendency (n) /ˈtendənsi/  There is a tendency for
 Khuynh hướng cư xử/ unemployment to rise in the
hành động summer.

Attention (n) /əˈtenʃn/ Sự chú ý, sự tập trung Attention to detail is essential in

this job.
 Attentive (a) /əˈtentɪv/  Chu đáo  As a husband, he fulfilled
the model role of an attentive
and loving spouse.
Diversity (n) /daɪˈvɜːrsəti/ Sự đa dạng The curriculum will take account of
the ethnic diversity of the
population.
 Diverse (a) /daɪˈvɜːrs/  Khác nhau & có nhiều  New York is one of the most
dạng culturally diverse cities in the
world.

 Diversify (v) /daɪˈvɜːrsɪfaɪ/  Đa dạng hóa  We need to diversify the

economy.

 Diversion (n) /daɪˈvɜːrʒn/  Sự đổi hướng  Sports provide him with a

welcome diversion from the
pressures of his job.
Marry (v) + sb Kết hôn People in higher social classes are
more likely to marry late.
 Get/ Be married  Lấy ai, lập gia đình  And Liz is married to my
to sb với ai brother, after all.

 Marry in haste,  Cưới xin vội vàng, ân

repent in leisure hận về sau
 Marry money  Cưới người giàu  One way to get rich is to marry
money.
Believe (v) /bɪˈliːv/ Tin tưởng, công nhận, You can't believe everything
tưởng rằng you read in the papers.
 Unbelievable (a) /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl/  Không thể tin được  The opportunities are
unbelievable.

 Disbelief (n) /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːf/  Sự hoài nghi  When people

hear tragic news their
first reaction is usually one
of disbelief.
Attract (v) /əˈtrækt/ Thu hút, hấp dẫn, lôi What attracted me most to the job
cuốn was the chance to travel.
 Attraction (n) /əˈtrækʃn/  Feeding the animals proved a
 Sự hấp dẫn, sự lôi popular attraction for visitors to
cuốn the farm.

 Tourist attractions  Buckingham Palace is a

(n) major tourist attraction.
 Điểm thu hút du lịch
 Attractive (a) /əˈtræktɪv/  Kitchen utensils should be
attractive as well as functional.
 Hấp dẫn, thú vị, đẹp
 Attractiveness (n) /əˈtræktɪvnəs/ mắt  In social settings, attractiveness
can impact one's interactions
 Sức hấp dẫn with others.
Decide (v) on sth /dɪˈsaɪd/ Quyết định I can't decide on who to invite.
 Decision (n) /dɪˈsɪʒn/  Quyết định  The judges’ decision is final.

 Decisive (a) /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/  Quả quyết, dứt khoát  The government must
take decisive action on gun
control.
 Decided (a) /dɪˈsaɪdɪd/  Kiên quyết, không do  He had become even more
dự decided in his views.
 Undecided (a) /ˌʌndɪˈsaɪdɪd/  Do dự, chưa dứt khoát  She is as yet undecided about
her career.

Precede (v) /prɪˈsiːd/ Đến hoặc đi trước (cái gì) In English, the subject precedes
về thời gia, thứ tự, thứ the verb.
bậc,…

 Give precedence  Dành quyền ưu tiên  Many small businesses complain

TO something cho that the government's
policies give precedence to large
corporations.

 Take precedence  The needs of the patient take

OVER something  Được ưu tiên hơn/ đặt precedence over those of the
lên trên student doctor.

 Set a precedent  The decision is important as it

FOR something  Đặt ra tiền lệ could set a legal precedent for
other similar cases.
Succeed (v) /səkˈsiːd/ Thành công/ kế nhiệm Very few people succeed in losing
weight and keeping it off.
 Succeeding (a) /səkˈsiːdɪŋ/  Tiếp theo  The couple purchased some land,
and in the course of the
succeeding year built a house on
it.

 Success (n) /səkˈses/  Sự thành công/ sự giảu  Success in business depends on

có hard work, determination, and
good ideas.

 Successive (a) /səkˈsesɪv/  Kế tiếp nhau, nối tiếp  The team has had five successive
victories.

 Successful (a) /səkˈsesfl/  Thành công/ thịnh  So what makes a successful

vượng manager?
Survey (n) /ˈsɜːrveɪ/ Cuộc khảo sát The survey showed that Britain’s
trees are in good health.
 Conduct + a /kənˈdʌkt/  Tổ chức/ tiến hành  They are carrying out a survey
survey/ một cuộc khảo sát of small businesses in London.
Carry out + a /ˈkæri aʊt /
survey
Response (n) /rɪˈspɑːns/ Câu trả lời/ sự phản ứng I wrote to them a month ago but
haven't gotten a response yet.
 Responsive (a) /rɪˈspɑːnsɪv/  Phản ứng nhanh/ đáp  We try to be responsive to the
 Responding (a) ứng một cách nhiệt needs of the customer.
tình
/rɪˈspɑːndɪŋ/
Equal (a) /ˈiːkwəl/ Bình đẳng They believe that all work is of
equal value.
 Unequal (a) /ʌnˈiːkwəl/  Bị đối xử bất công  People are paid unequal
amounts because they have
 unequal talents.

 Equality (n) /iˈkwɑːləti/  Sự bình đẳng  All people have the right to
equality of opportunity.
 Inequality (n) /ˌɪnɪˈkwɑːləti/  Sự bất bình đẳng  The report looks at inequality
in education.
Superior (a) to sth /suːˈpɪriər/ Tốt/ giỏi hơn; nhiều hơn They claimed that a vegetarian
diet was superior to a meat diet.
 Superiority (n) /suːˌpɪriˈɔːrəti/  sự vượt trội  I'm tired of hearing about
the superiority of their product.

 Inferior (a) to sth /ɪnˈfɪriər/  kém hơn/ không tốt  Some people view American
bằng cái khác wines as inferior in quality
to European wines.

 Inferiority (n) /ɪnˌfɪriˈɔːrəti/  sự thua kém  A sense of inferiority affects

the motivation of a child to learn.
Oblige (v) sb + to V /əˈblaɪdʒ/ Bắt buộc, cưỡng chế He suffered a serious injury that
obliged him to give up work.
 Obligation (n) /ˌɑːblɪˈɡeɪʃn/  Sự bắt buộc, nghĩa vụ  Employers have an obligation to
treat all employees equally.

 Be under  Có trách nhiệm  The landlord is under an

obligation obligation to repair the house.

 Obligatory (a) /əˈblɪɡətɔːri/  Mang tính bắt buộc  These classes are obligatory for
all first-year students.
 Be Obliged to sb
for V-ing /əˈblaɪdʒd/  Biết ơn ai  I'm much obliged to you for
helping us.
Counterpart (n) /ˈkaʊntərpɑːrt/ Đối tác, bên tương - Women soldiers will join
đương, người đồng cấp their male counterparts at
the army base.
- Belgian officials are
discussing this with their
French counterparts.
Respect (v) (n) /rɪˈspekt/ Sự ngưỡng mộ/ tôn trọng I respect his views, although I do
not agree with them.
 Respectable (a) /rɪˈspektəbl/  Đáng được tôn trọng,  It's about time you got yourself a
cư xử tốt. respectable job.

 Respectful (a) /rɪˈspektfl/  Thể hiện sự tôn trọng.  Be respectful of the people
around you.

 Respective (a) /rɪˈspektɪv/  Riêng, mang tính cá  Kids slept their respective
nhân. cabins in the summer camp.

 Respectively (a) /rɪˈspektɪvli/  Theo thứ tự tương ứng  In terms of population,

California and New York rank
first and second respectively.
Trust (n) (v) /trʌst/ Sự tin tưởng/ niềm tin She has betrayed the trust which
Tin tưởng ai we placed in her.
  Trustworthy (a) /ˈtrʌstwɜːrði/  Đáng tin cây  We got the information from
 Trusty (a) /ˈtrʌsti/ a trustworthy source.
Contract (n) /ˈkɑːntrækt/ Bản hợp đồng Tyler has agreed a seven-year
contract with a Hollywood studio.
 Contract (v) + a  Two-thirds of the adult
disease /kənˈtrækt/  Mắc bệnh population there have
contracted AIDS.

 Contractual  These child marriages are

marriage = /kənˈtræktʃuəl  Hôn nhân sắp đặt implicitly arranged marriages.
arranged marriage ˈmærɪdʒ/

PHRASES WITH ATTENTION

Pay attention to = chú ý, lưu ý
 I was living just for myself and paying little attention to anyone else.
Get/ have/ receive attention from = thu hút sự chú ý
 Severe workplace injuries typically receive immediate medical attention.
Attract/ call attention to = gợi sự chú ý đến
 She waved to attract the attention of the waitress.
Capture/ catch my attention = giành được sự quan tâm
 Most of the textbooks we looked at were too dull to capture students' attention.
Need/ require/ deserve attention = đáng được quan tâm
 On that count, Mr Spivak's original creation deserves attention.
Draw attention to sth = make people notice
 I tried not to draw attention to the weak points in my argument.
The centre of attention = tâm điểm của sự chú ý
 As the youngest child, she was always the centre of attention.

PHRASES WITH DECISION

Make a decision = make up one's mind = quyết định
Ex: I can’t make up my mind about what to wear to the party tonight.
Be in two minds = không thể quyết định điều gì đó
Ex: I am in two minds about accepting his offer.
Single – minded (a) = kiên định
Ex: She is very single-minded about her career.
My mind went blank = I couldn’t remember anything
Ex: Even though I'd been preparing for the interview for days, my mind went blank as soon as they
started asking questions.
At the back of your mind = biết về nó nhưng không phải điều mình để tâm
Ex: The problem was always at the back of my mind.
Bear/ keep something/somebody in mind = to remember
Ex: Good luck in your new job in New York City! Bear us in mind when you hit the big time!
Bring/ call something/ somebody to mind = to remember somebody/ something = recall: gợi lại
Ex: That song calls to mind many fond memories of my childhood.
Cross your mind = come into your mind = occur to somebody : bất chợt nghĩ đến
Ex: Take time to form your response to the interviewer—don't just blurt out the first thing that
crosses your mind.
On your mind = you are thinking and worrying about something/ somebody: đang lo lắng về điều gì đó
Ex: He looked as though he had something on his mind.
Out of sight, out of mind = xa mặt cách lòng
Ex: Once I moved to a different city, my childhood friends became out of sight, out of mind, and we
gradually lost touch
UNIT 3: SOCIALIZING
Bài này tập trung vào BODY LANGUAGE nhiều hơn nhé
Vocabulary Phonetics Meaning Example
Communication (n) /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ Sự trao đổi/ truyền đạt Good communication between
thông tin team leaders and members is
essential.
 Communicative (a) /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪtɪv/  Cởi mở  I don’t find him very
communicative.

 Uncommunicative (a) /ʌnkəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv/  Không cởi mở, ít nói  He had always been quiet
and uncommunicative,
having few friends

 Communicate (v) /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/  Trao đổi, chia sẻ (cảm  People use more than words
xúc, suy nghĩ, …) when they communicate
with each other.
Society (n) /səˈsaɪəti/ Xã hội Children are the most
vulnerable members of society.

 Socialize (v) /ˈsəʊʃəlaɪz/  Hòa nhập, giao lưu  People don’t socialize with
their neighbours as much as
they used to.
 Social (a) /ˈsəʊʃl/  Thuộc về xã hội
 Governments have made
efforts to improve women's
social and economic status.

 Sociable (a) /ˈsəʊʃəbl/  Thích giao lưu, gặp gỡ  A sociable man with a good
người khác sense of humour was top of
the list.
Behaviour (n) /bɪˈheɪvjər/ Cách cư xử, ứng xử I know you were upset, but that
= Demeanor (n) /dɪˈmiːnər/ doesn't excuse your behaviour.
 He has a calm demeanour,
even under pressure.

 Misbehaviour (n) /ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪvjər/  Cách cư xử kém,  Even the most minor forms
không đúng mực of misbehaviour were
punished.

 Behavioural (a) /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/  Thuộc về cách ứng xử  His behavioural problems

have gotten worse over time.

 Behave (v) /bɪˈheɪv/  Đối xử, cư xử  I’m not going to talk to her
until she starts behaving
reasonably

Courtesy (n) /ˈkɜːrtəsi/ Cử chỉ lịch sự It's common courtesy to warn

your neighbours if your
children are going to have a
party
  I don’t mind people
 Discourtesy (n) /dɪsˈkɜːrtəsi/  Hành vi bất lịch sự speaking frankly, but I will
not accept discourtesy.

 Courteous (a) /ˈkɜːrtiəs/  The staff are always

 Nhã nhặn courteous and helpful.

 It is discourteous to
 Discourteous (a) /dɪsˈkɜːrtiəs  Bất lịch sự, khiếm nhã interrupt someone when they
are speaking.
Thoughtful (a) /ˈθɔːtfl/ Chu đáo It was really thoughtful of you
= Considerate (a) /kənˈsɪdərət/ to remember my birthday.

 Thoughtless (a) /ˈθɔːtləs/  Vô tâm (lời nói, hành  Leaving the kitchen in such
động) a mess was a thoughtless
act.

 Thought – provoking /ˈθɔːt prəvəʊkɪŋ/  Đáng suy ngẫm  The film had a thought-
(a) provoking message.
Controversial (a) /ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl/ Gây tranh cãi Immigration is a controversial
issue in many countries.
 Controversy (n) /ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi/  Cuộc tranh luận  The controversy
surrounding his latest movie
continues.

Grateful (a) /ˈɡreɪtfl/ Biết ơn We are very grateful to all

those who contributed.
 Gratitude (n) /ˈɡrætɪtuːd/  Lòng biết ơn  She sent them a present to
show her gratitude.
Social status /ˈsəʊʃl ˈsteɪtəs / Địa vị xã hội It made them feel desired; it
was a way to boost social
status.

Marital status /ˌmærɪtl ˈsteɪtəs/ Tình trạng hôn nhân Please state your name, age,
and marital status.
Discipline (n) /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ Kỉ luật, khả năng kiểm Problems tend to arise in
soát families where there is poor
discipline.
 Self – disciplined (a) /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/  Tính kỉ luật, tự giác  I don't know if I've
enough self-discipline to
work full-time and go to
night school.
Problem(n) /ˈprɑːbləm/  Đối mặt với một vấn Children today
 Face/ encounter a đề often encounter serious
problem problems at school and
elsewhere.
Gesture (n) /ˈdʒestʃər/ Cử chỉ Expression and gesture are
both forms of non-verbal
communication.
Posture (n) /ˈpɑːstʃər/ Dáng điệu, tư thế
Poor posture can lead to
muscular problems.
Facial expression (n) /ˈfeɪʃl /ɪkˈspreʃn/ Nét mặt
 The actor read his lines and
practiced his facial expressions
in the mirror.

Verbal (a) /ˈvɜːrbl/ Bằng lời nói, bằng miệng We had a verbal agreement but
no written contract.

 Non-verbal /ˌnɑːn ˈvɜːrbl/ Không bằng lời nói, phi Body language is a potent form
ngôn ngữ of non-verbal communication.
Gathering (n) /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/ Cuộc họp mặt/ tụ họp We're having a small family
gathering to mark our wedding
anniversary.

Get – together (n) Cuộc gặp mặt thân mật He’s going to a get-together
with some of
his former workmates.
Appropriate (a) /əˈprəʊpriət/ Phù hợp/ đúng trong hoàn Jeans are not appropriate for a
= Proper (a) /ˈprɑːpər/ cảnh nào đó formal party.
Express (v) /ɪkˈspres/ Thể hiện, bày tỏ (suy nghĩ, Bill’s not afraid to express his
cảm giác) opinions.

 Expression (n) / ɪkˈspreʃn/  Sự biểu hiện  I decided to go to the

meeting as an expression of
support.
 Expressive (a) /ɪkˈspresɪv/  Truyền cảm  He would use his
expressive face to bring the
stories to life.

 Expressionless (a) /ɪkˈspreʃənləs/  Không diễn cảm/  She stared at him with
không có tinh thần a stiff, expressionless face.

Comment on sth /ˈkɑːment/ Nêu ý kiến, bình phẩm I don't feel I can comment on
their decision.
IDIOMS FOR THOUGHT

Idiom Meaning Sample Sentence

Collect your Try to control your emotions/ She paused to collect her thoughts
thoughts chuẩn bị tinh thần cho cái gì before entering the interview room.

Food for The programme certainly provides

Một ý tưởng cho cái gì
thought plenty of food for thought.

Have second Thay đổi ý kiến sau khi đã suy You’re not having second thoughts
thoughts nghĩ about it, are you?

A train of The phone ringing interrupted my

Dòng suy nghĩ
thought train of thought.

School of There are two schools of thought

Lối suy nghĩ của đại đa số
thought about how this illness should be treated

Without a I accepted the offer without a second

Không chần chừ, liền lập tức
second thought thought.

IDIOMS ABOUT SOCIALIZING

Idiom Meaning Sample Sentence

Giảm bớt sự căng thẳng,

At the international conference, participants
Break the ice làm cho tình huống trở
played ice-breaking games to break the ice.
nên thoải mái

Được sử dụng khi muốn

A penny for your While sitting in silence, she turned to him and
biết ý kiến hoặc suy
thoughts said, “A penny for your thoughts”.
nghĩ của ai đó

Instead of making promises, show commitment

Actions speak louder Hành động ý nghĩa hơn
through actions; actions speak louder than
than words lời nói
words.

Fancy running into you here. I thought I would

It's a small world! Đúng là trái đất tròn! never see you again! It’s a small world.
Source: theidioms.com

Stab somebody in the He had been lied to and stabbed in the back
Đâm sau lưng ai đó
back by people that he thought were his friends.

Be at loggerheads with
Phản đối kịch liệt về vấn Tom is at loggerheads with the other members
somebody over
đề gì over the best way to lead the committee.
something
COLLOCATIONS WITH FRIENDSHIP
Work at a relationship: gìn giữ mối quan hệ tốt đẹp với ai đó
 Some people prefer to break up rather than working at the relationship.
Get along/on with somebody: có mối quan hệ tốt với ai đó
 I don’t really get along with my sister’s husband.

Be on speaking terms: đủ quen biết để nói chuyện

 I don't know Kyle that well, but we're on speaking terms, and he seems nice enough.

Have a lot in common: có nhiều điểm chung

 I didn’t think Larry and Patricia had anything in common, but they talked all evening.

Bosom – friend : bạn chí cốt

 A bosom-friend is someone you can be very close with and confide everything in.

Enjoy someone's company: thích dành thời gian với ai đó

 Whenever we gather for a family dinner, we always enjoy each other's company. We share laughter,
stories, and create beautiful memories together.

CELEBRATION
Slap-up meal: bữa ăn thịnh soạn
 Don't worry, you're going to get a slap-up meal at our wedding—we tried so many caterers and found
the perfect one.
A feast: bữa tiệc/ ngày lễ hội
 Villagers used to hold a great feast at harvest time.
Throw a party: tổ chức tiệc
 We're throwing a surprise party for Kevin, so don't tell him.
The life of the party: người luôn góp vui trong các bữa tiệc
 Bill is definitely the life of the party—he's currently trying to get everyone up to dance!
Crash the party: phá hỏng bữa tiệc
 There's always someone who crashes the party and ends up causing trouble.
A party animal : Người thích tiệc tùng
 He's too much of a party animal for me. I'm looking for someone who's more responsible
IDIOMS ABOUT BODY PARTS

1. BREAK A LEG! chúc may mắn

2. SCRATCH ONE'S BACK giúp đỡ người khác
3. HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD nói chính xác, làm chính xác
4. MAKE ONE'S BLOOD BOIL làm ai sôi máu, giận dữ
5. PAY THROUGH THE NOSE trả giá quá đắt
6. PULL ONE'S LEG chọc ai
7. COST AN ARM AND A LEG rất là đắt đỏ
8. GET/HAVE COLD FEET mất hết can đảm, chùn bước
9. LED SB BY THE NOSE nắm đầu, dắt mũi ai
10. PUT ONE'S FOOT IN IT gây nhầm lẫn, bối rối
11. HAVE IN MIND đang suy tính, cân nhắc
12. LIKE THE BACK OF ONE'S HAND rõ như lòng bàn tay
13. PUT ONE'S FOOT IN ONE'S MOUTH nói một điều ngu ngốc xúc phạm đến ai
14. STICK ONE'S NOSE INTO ONE'S BUSINESS chúi mũi vào việc của người khác
15. HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD nói đúng trọng tâm
16. SEE EYE TO EYE WITH SB đồng tình
17. LEND AN EAR TO SB/ST lắng nghe một cách chân thành
18. HAVE A HEAD FOR ST giỏi về cái gì
19. A SWEET TOOTH người thích ăn đồ ăn ngọt
20. HAVE ST AT ONE'S FINGERTIPS nhận được thông tin/ kiến thức cần thiết
một cách dễ dàng và nhanh chóng
21. ON THE TIP OF MY TONGUE sắp nhớ ra điều cần thiết
UNIT 4: EDUCATION SYSTEM
UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION
VOCABULARY PHONETICS MEANING EXAMPLE
Experience (n) /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ - Kinh nghiệm - Do you have any
 Experience (v)  /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ - Học hỏi, trải nghiệm experience of working
 Experienced (a)  /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ - Có kinh nghiệm with kids?
 Experiential (a)  /ɪkspɪəriˈenʃəl/ - Dựa theo kinh nghiệm - New companies often
experience a loss in their
first few years.
- She is very experienced
in marketing.
- Meaning can be found
through creative,
experiential, and
attitudinal values.
Education (n) /edʒʊˈkeɪʃən/ - Sự giáo dục - It's important for
 Educative (a)  /ˈedʒu.kətɪv/ - Thuộc sự giáo dục children to get a good
 Educator (n)  /ˈedʒukeɪtər/ - Nhà giáo dục education.
 Educational (a)  /edʒʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ - Phương pháp giáo - Very few activities at this
 /ˈedʒʊkeɪtɪd/ dục, thuộc ngành giáo age have no educative
dục value at all.
 Educated (a) - Có học thức - Every society needs
scientists, educators, and
writers.
- She seems to have spent
all her life studying in
educational
establishments/institutions.
- She was probably the
most highly educated
prime minister of this
century.
Manage (v) /ˈmænɪdʒ/ - Quản lí, phụ trách - Did you manage to get
 Management (n)  /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ - Sự quản lí any bread?
 Manageable (a)  /ˈmænɪdʒəbəl/ - Có thể quản lí - There is a need for
 Managed (a)  /ˈmænɪdʒ/ - Được quản lí, kiểm stricter financial
 /mænəˈdʒɪəriəl/ soát management.
 Managerial (a)  /ˈmænɪdʒər/ - Thuộc về quản lí - The work has been
 Manager (n)  /mænɪdʒərˈes/ - Người quản lí divided into smaller, more
 Manageress (n) - Nữ quản lí (chị, bà, manageable sections.
cô) - The money will be
invested in managed
funds.
- She has developed
critical technical and
managerial skills.
- A sign of a good
manager is knowing how
to delegate.
 - I'm afraid I can't tell
you; I'll have to ask the
manageress.

Likely (a) /ˈlaɪkli/ - Có lẻ đúng, có thể xảy - Do remind me because

 Likelihood (n)  /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ ra I'm likely to forget.
- Có khả năng là - There is every likelihood
that more jobs will be lost
later this year.
Limit (n) /ˈlɪmɪt/ - Giới hạn, hạn chế - I think we ought to put a
 Limited (a) /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ - Có giới hạn strict limit on the amount
of time we can spend on
the project.
- Places on the bus are
limited to 50 - so book
early!
Involve (v) /ɪnˈvɒlv/ - Liên quan, tham gia - The operation involves
 Involvement (n) /ɪnˈvɒlvmənt/ - Sự tham gia, sự liên putting a small tube into
quan your heart.
- The team's continued
involvement in the
competition is uncertain.
Compel (v) /kəmˈpel/ - Bắt ai đó làm gì - As a schoolboy he was
 Compelling (a)  /kəmˈpelɪŋ/ - Thuyết phục, hấp dẫn compelled to wear shorts
 Compulsory (a)  /kəmˈpʌlsəri/ - Bắt buộc (theo luật) even in winter.
 Compulsion (n)  /kəmˈpʌlʃən/ - Ước muốn không chế - I found the whole film
 Compulsive (a)  /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/ ngự được, sự bắt buộc very compelling.
- Có tính khao khát hấp - The law made wearing
dẫn mãnh liệt làm gì seat belts in cars
đó compulsory.
- I seem to have a constant
compulsion to eat.
- We’re really not
compulsive shoppers, you
know.
Mandatory (a) /ˈmændətəri/ - Bắt buộc, có tính - Athletes must undergo a
= Required (a) /rɪˈkwaɪəd/ cưỡng chế mandatory drugs test
= Obligatory (a) /əˈblɪɡətəri/ before competing in the
= Compulsory (a) championship.
- The company failed to
maintain its required
minimum net capital.
- The statute made it
obligatory for all healthy
males between 14 and 60
to work.
 Admit (v) /ədˈmɪt/ - Nhận ai đó vào tổ - Spain was admitted to
 Admission (n)  /ədˈmɪʃən/ chức nào (trường học the European Community
nhận học sinh) in 1986.
- Nearly 15 percent of the
- Quyền gia nhập vào patients were sick enough
đâu to require hospital
- (quyền nhập học – admission.
nhập viện)

Attend (v) /əˈtend/ - Tham dự - The meeting is on the

 Attendance (n)  /əˈtendəns/ - Sự có mặt, sự tham gia fifth and we're hoping
 Attendee (n)  /ətenˈdiː/ - Người tham dự everyone will attend.
 Attend to (pv)  /əˈtend/ - Giúp ai đó hoặc giải - Attendance at lectures is
quyết vấn đề gì compulsory.
- Doctors tried to attend to
the worst injured soldiers
first.
Submit (v) /səbˈmɪt/ - Nộp cho ai - I think it is the best
 Submit to sth - Đầu hàng trước cái gì decision of him that he
/səbˈmɪʃən/ - Sự khất phục, bài biện resigned from the party
 Submission (n) hộ, sự đệ trình instead of submitting
himself to the new set of
rules.
- No date has yet been set
for the submission of
applications.
/ˈnɔːməl/ - Bình thường - Temperatures are well
/æbˈnɔːməl/ - Khác thường, dị above normal today.
Normal (a) /sʌbˈnɔː.məl/ - Dưới mức bình - Tests revealed some
 Abnormal (a) /nɔːm/ thường, không bình abnormal skin cells.
 Subnormal (a) thường - Many winters have
 Norm (n) - Chuẩn mực, quy tắc subnormal temperatures.
 Norm (v) - Europe's varied cultural,
political and ethical
norms.
Distinct (a) /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ - Khác nhau - There are two distinct
 Distinctive (a) /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/ - Đặc trưng, khác biệt factions within the one
 Distinction (n) /dɪˈstɪŋk.ʃən/ - Sự khác biệt political party.
- She's got a very
distinctive voice.
- There's a clear
distinction between the
dialects spoken in the two
regions.
Elite (a) /iˈliːt/ - Ưu tú, cap cấp - A powerful and corrupt
elite has bled this country
dry.
Evaluate (v) /ɪˈvæl.ju.eɪt/ - Đánh giá, phỏng đoán - We shall need to
evaluate how the new
material stands up to wear
and tear.
Flourish (v) /ˈflʌr.ɪʃ/ - Thịnh vượng, phát đạt - My tomatoes are
flourishing this summer -
 it must be the warm
weather.
Fund (n) /fʌnd/ - Quỹ, kho - The company has agreed
 Fund (v) /ˌriːˈfʌnd/ - Tài trợ to fund my trip to
 Refund (v) /ˌriːˈfʌn.də.bəl/ - Hoàn lại, trả lại Australia.
 Refundable (a) - Có thể hoàn trả - Tickets are not
 Non – - Không thể hoàn trả refundable.
refundable (a) - The check-in desks close
40 minutes prior to
departure, so if you're
late, you're stuck with a
nonrefundable ticket.
Tertiary education - Giáo dục ở đại học - More than 60% of
hoặc cao đẳng American high school
graduates start some form
of tertiary education.
Graduate (v) /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ - Tốt nghiệp - The boys were graduates
 Graduate (n) /ˈɡrædʒuət/ - Người tốt nghiệp of Winthrop High School.
 Under- /ʌn.dəˈɡrædʒuət/ - Sinh viên chưa tốt - Three undergraduate
graduate (n) /pəʊstˈɡrædʒuət/ nghiệp, năm cuối students were trained to
 Post-graduate - Nghiên cứu sinh code the videotapes.
(n) (chương trình học - While we are not happy
sau đại học) about the loan system, it
does not make sense that
postgraduates should be
excluded.

IMPORTANT PHRASES:
School (n)  Schooling (n)
- Pre- school education: mẫu giáo
- Primary/ Elementary education: giáo dục tiểu học
- Secondary/ High school education: giáo dục trung học
- Comprehensive school : trường công lập
- Boarding school: trường nội trú
- Grammar school: trường đào tạo học sinh giỏi

HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA: bằng tốt nghiệp trung học

UNIVERSITY DEGREE: bằng đại học
DRIVING LICENSE: bằng lái xe
LAW/ ACCOUNTING/ MEDICINE LICENSE : giấy phép hành nghề luật/ kế toán/ y dược
ACADEMIC RECORD: bảng điểm đi học
CERTIFICATE: giấy chứng chỉ, giấy chứng nhận
BIRTH CERTIFICATE: giấy khai sinh

MEET/ SATISFY/ FULFIL THE REQUIREMENT/ DEMAND/ NEED: đáp ứng nhu cầu
IDIOMS FOR RELIEVING STRESS

Idiom Meaning Sample Sentence

Cho phép bản thân nghỉ

Let my hair down It’s hard to let my hair down during exams week.
ngơi

I have been sick and stayed at home all week. I think it’s
Dành thời gian dưới
Catch some rays time for me to go out and catch some rays since I am
ánh nắng mặt trời
better now

Let off steam Xả hơi – xả stress She jogs after work to let off steam.

Whenever I feel stressed or overwhelmed, I make it a point to

Take a breather Nghỉ ngơi 1 chút take a breather

Recharge your After a long day at work or school, I like to recharge my

Nạp lại năng lượng
batteries batteries by doing something relaxing and enjoyable

Tak the load off Nghỉ ngơi I wish you'd take some time and take the load off

Put your feet up Thư giãn After a long day, I like to put my feet up and relax

Sống với hiện tại,

Live in the moment không lo lắng về tương
lai

Take a leisurely
Đi dạo thong thả
stroll

HOLIDAY
Off the beaten track: nơi xa xôi hẻo lánh
 We tried to find locations slightly off the beaten track.
Peak time – Rush hours: giờ cao điểm
 You have to plan your vacations a year or more in advance to get the best properties at peak times.
Off – peak time: giờ thấp điểm
 I often visit the library during off-peak times to find a quiet spot to focus and get work done.
Tourist trap: điểm thu hút khách du lịch
 The street market is a tourist trap that mostly sells cheap souvenirs.
Tourist attraction: địa điểm thu hút khách du lịch
 The local museum is a popular tourist attraction here in town.
Have a thirst for adventure: niềm đam mê du lịch
 I’ve always had a thirst for adventure and often get itchy feet so I decided to set out to a journey from
the North to the South of Australia next month.
IDIOMS RELATING TO STUDY

Idiom Meaning Sample Sentence

Làm việc hoặc học tập

Burning the đến khuya, thường là To meet the deadline, he was burning the midnight
midnight oil phải hi sinh thời gian oil, working tirelessly on the project.
ngủ.

Quyết định dừng làm một

hoạt động nào đó hoặc After completing all tasks, the team decided to call it
Call it a day
kết thúc một ngày làm a day and head home.
việc.

Nổ lực hết mình, một

The whole nine She prepared for the exam by studying the whole
cách đầy đủ không bỏ sót
yards nine yards, including textbooks and practice tests.
chi tiết nào

Cố hết sức để đạt cái gì Today is a significant day for our school so I want
Give it 110%
đó you to get out there and give it 110%.

I’m so sorry I missed the teacher’s meeting today,

Bận bịu bởi lượng công
Be snowed under with the exams around the corner. I’m completely
việc
snowed under at the moment.

Quay lại những điều cốt We moved to the countryside in an attempt to get
Back to basics
lõi, đơn giản nhất back to basics.

Learning how to use a computer or a smartphone is

As easy as ABC Rất dễ dàng
as easy as ABC for children.

I learned the lyric by heart to prepare for

Learn by heart Học thuộc lòng
tomorrow’s performance.

Put your thinking Suy nghĩ thật kĩ để giải I need some interesting suggestions so if you can put
cap on quyết vấn đề your thinking cap on I'd be grateful.

Dạy ai đó một bài học

Teach somebody a Having my car stolen really taught me a lesson - I'll
thông qua kinh nghiệm
lesson never leave it unlocked again.
khó khăn hoặc sai lầm

Học qua những trải

School of hard His staff joked that he had no formal education but
nghiệm khó khăn đã trải
knocks the school of hard knocks.
qua trong cuộc sống

Vượt qua, đặc biệt trong

Pass with flying I was able to pass the IELTS test with flying colors
học tập, dễ dàng với
colours to meet the requirement for studying abroad.
thành quả lớn và rõ rệt.
UNIT 6: JOBS

VOCABULARY PHONETICS MEANING EXAMPLE

Job market (n) - Thị trường việc làm - It is hard for low-
Make good job of something - Làm việc gì giỏi skilled workers to earn
Be out of job = jobless - Thất nghiệp their way out of poverty
in a tough job market
that favors skilled and
educated workers.
- The dry cleaner's
made a good job of
removing that oil stain
from my shirt.
- How long have you
been out of a job?

Career /kəˈrɪər/ - Sự nghiệp - When he retires he

 Career path - Con đường sự will be able to look back
 Occupation /ɒk.jəˈpeɪʃən/ nghiệp over a brilliant career.
 Profession /prəˈfeʃən/ - Nghề nghiệp - I don't know what
- Nghề cần kiến thức future career path
chuyên môn ( y might suit me but I'm
dược, giảng dạy, kĩ told I relate well to
sư, luật sư,....) people.
- In the space marked
"occupation" she wrote
"police officer".
- ‘What is your
profession?’ ‘I’m a
lawyer.’
Interview (v)/ (n) /ˈintəvjuː/ - Phỏng vấn/ cuộc - I always get nervous
 Interviewee (n) /ɪn.tə.vjuˈiː/ phỏng vấn before job interviews.
 Interviewer (n) /ˈɪntəvjuːər/ - Người được phỏng - Later, she decided to
vấn drop him from her list
- Người phỏng vấn of potential
interviewees.
- A good interviewer
would not lead the
candidate to the
desirable answer.
Employ (v) /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ - Tuyển dụng - How many people
 Employment (n) /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ - Việc làm does your company
 Unemployment (n) /ʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ - Tình trạng thất employ?
 Unemployed (a) /ʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪd/ nghiệp - How long have you
 Employed (a) /ɪmˈplɔɪd/ - Thất nghiệp been looking for
 Employee (n) /ɪmˈplɔɪ.iː/ - Có việc làm employment?
 Employer (n) /ɪmˈplɔɪər/ - Người làm thuê - Unemployment has
- Người thuê fallen/risen again for
the third consecutive
month.
 - He's been unemployed
for over a year.
- That firm has fifty
employees.
- His employer
dismissed him.
Punctual (a) /ˈpʌŋk.tʃu.əl/ - Đúng giờ - He's fairly punctual.
 Punctuality (n) /pʌnktʃuˈæləti/ - Tính đúng giờ - As chair of the
committee, she insisted
on punctuality.
Impress (v) /ɪmˈpres/ - Gây ấn tượng, đóng - I remember when I
 Impression (n) /ɪmˈpreʃən/ in, khắc sâu was a child being very
/ɪmˈpres.ɪv/ - Sự ấn tượng impressed with how
 Impressive (a) /ɪmˈpreʃənəbəl/ - ấn tượng sâu sắc, many toys she had.
gây xúc động - He's at that
impressionable age
 Impressionable (a) - dễ bị ảnh hưởng, when he's very easily
nhạy cảm led by other children.
- He made quite an
 Make an impression - tạo ấn tượng impression on the girls
on - bắt chước người nổi at the tennis club.
 Do an impression of tiếng, nhân vật - My friends dared me
somebody - làm ai đó nghĩ/cảm to do an impression of
 Give somebody an thấy theo một chiều the President at the
impression that hướng nhất định dinner table.
 Be under the - tin cái gì thì cái đó - It might give Russian
impression that không phải ( tưởng hackers the impression
rằng) that the U.S. is
uninterested in
deterring them.
- I was under the
impression (that) you
didn't get on too well.
Profound (a) /prəˈfaʊnd/ - Rất tuyệt, sâu sắc - His mother's death
 Profundity (n) /prəˈfʌndəti/ - Sự sâu sắc, sự uyên when he was aged six
thâm had a very profound
effect on him.
.
Fortune (n) /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/ - Who knows what
 Misfortune (n) /mɪsˈfɔːtʃuːn/ - Vận may, gia tài fortune may bring?
 Fortunate (a) /ˈfɔːtʃənət/ - Sự xui xẻo - It's unfair to take
 Unfortunate (a) /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənət/ - May mắn advantage of other
 Cost a fortune - Xui xẻo people's misfortunes.
- Đáng giá, mắc tiền - You're very fortunate
to have found such a
nice house.
- This trip cost a
fortune.
Vacancy (n) /ˈveɪkənsi/ - Chỗ trống - We wanted to book a
 Vacant (a) /ˈveɪkənt/ - Trống, bỏ không hotel room in July but
(+ position) there were no
vacancies.
 - The hospital has no
vacant beds.
Candidate (n) /ˈkændɪdət/ - ứng cử viên, thí sinh - There are three
candidates standing in
the election.
Industrious (a) /ɪnˈdʌstriəs/ - Siêng năng, cần - She's extremely
/ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/ mẩn competent and
 Industriousness (n) /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ - Sự siêng năng industrious.
 Industrial (a) /ˈɪndəstri/ - Thuộc về công - The city is renowned
 Industry (n) nghiệp for its industriousness
- Ngành công nghiệp and education.
- The city needs to
attract more industry.

Knowledge (n) /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ - Sự hiểu biết, kiến - Her knowledge of

 Acknowledge (v) /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ thức English grammar is
 Knowledgeable (a) /ˈnɒlɪdʒəbəl/ - Công nhận, báo cho very extensive.
biết đã nhận được - Historians generally
- Biết nhiều, thông acknowledge her as a
thạo genius in her field.
- He's very
knowledgeable about
German literature.
Skill (n) /skɪl/ - Sự khéo léo, kĩ năng - This job demands a
 Skilled (a) / skɪld/ - Được đào tạo, có high degree of skill.
 Skillful (a) / ˈskɪlfəl/ nghề - Many companies
- Khéo léo, tài giỏi depend on skilled labor.
- Kraft was a skillful
composer.
Specialize (v) in something /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ - Chuyên môn về - She hired a lawyer
 Specialist (n) /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ - Chuyên gia who specializes in
divorce cases.
- She's a specialist in
modern French
literature.
IDIOMS RELATED
TIME:

Idiom Meaning Sample Sentence

A watched pot Thời gian trôi qua chậm hơn She kept checking her phone for results, but a
never boils khi bạn đợi chờ điều gì watched pot never boils; it’s better to be patient.

Đúng giờ (trước giờ hẹn từ The airline ranked last in on-time arrivals last
ON TIME
15ph trở đi) month.

IN TIME Kịp lúc Are we in time to catch the train?

In the nick of
Vừa kịp lúc He arrived in the nick of time.
time

Race against It was a race against time to rescue the injured

Chạy đua với thời gian
time climber.

Take time Từ tốn, không gấp He took his time before answering the question.

A whale of time Thời gian vui chơi hưởng thụ We had a whale of a time on holiday.

Behind the We are innovating here and there is no reason why

Lạc hậu
times we should not be behind the times.

Hoàn thành trước thời gian

Beat the clock Use a timer and ask the student to beat the clock.
quy định

At the eleventh The child was saved from the kidnappers at the
Đến phút chót
hour eleventh hour.
 IDIOMS RELATED: JOB – WORKPLACE – WORKING EXPERIENCE
IDIOMS MEANING EXAMPLE
The tension between the two brothers was
Một vấn đề hiển nhiên và
The elephant in the room the elephant in the room at the family
quan trọng đang bị lơ đi
gathering.
Có được vị trí cao nhất
Climb up the career Many astronauts moved to NASA because it
trong một tổ chức công
ladder was the next step up the career ladder.
việc
Despite having a degree in journalism, he
Công việc không có tương
A dead-end job got stuck in a dead-end job at an insurance
lai tốt
company.
Have a bright future She's an excellent student with a bright
Tương lai xán lạn
ahead future.
Work your finger to the Làm việc rất chăm chỉ, He worked his fingers to the bone to
bone cật lực hết sức support his family.
Làm gấp gáp, cố đốt cháy Cutting corners on case studies will result
Cut corners
giai đoạn in careless errors
Công nhân nhà máy All the regional funds had combined into a
Blue collar worker những người làm việc tay national health fund for blue-collar
chân workers.
Người làm văn phòng, These days, few white-collar workers
White Collar
hành chính actually wear white shirts.
Người làm các công việc
Until recently secretarial work and nursing
Pink collar collar được định hướng dành
were very much pink-collar professions.
cho phụ nữ
Work like a charm Rất hiệu quả Flattery usually works like a charm on him.
If you or your bank account are in the red,
Be in the red Đang mắc nợ
you owe money to the bank.
It’s time to get the ball rolling on the 2018
Get the ball rolling Bắt đầu
forecast
Không phải điều gì quá Just look up the answer online; it’s not
It's not rocket science
khó hiểu, quá to tát rocket science
After receiving negative feedback, she was
Throw in the towel Từ bỏ/ chấp nhận thất bại
ready to throw in the towel
There will be random testing on this, so stay
Stay on your toes Cảnh giác
on your toes
The team must raise the bar if we want to
Raise the bar Nâng tiêu chuẩn lên
win a customer service award
Làm rối loạn/ gây ảnh The team is finally working well together. A
Rock the boat
hưởng tình hình hiện tại new hire may rock the boat
My boss and I don’t always see eye to eye
See eye to eye Đồng thuận, đồng tình
on reporting techniques
I have a lot on my plate since my supervisor
Have a lot on your plate Có nhiều trách nhiệm
quit last week
Nghiên cứu từng chút
Let’s peel the onion to figure out where we
Peel the onion một, chậm rãi/ bóc tách
messed up
từng lớp
Cái nhìn khái quát, bao
I only have a couple minutes to chat; just
Helicopter view quát, đại khái về vấn đề
give me a helicopter view of the report.
đang diễn ra
UNIT 7: ECONOMICS

VOCABULARY PHONETICS MEANING EXAMPLE

Reform (v) - Cải cách -There will be no
 Economic reform (n) - Cải cách kinh tế satisfactory
infrastructure until
there is significant
political and economic
reform.
Economy (n) - Nền kinh tế - You could economize
on food by not eating in
 Economize (v) on sth - Tiết kiệm restaurants all the time.
- The government's
 Economic (a) economic policies have
- Thuộc về kinh tế led us into the worst
recession in years.
- What's the most
 Economical (a) - Tiết kiệm economical way of
heating this building?
- Many economists
 Economist (n) - Nhà kinh tế expect unemployment to
fall over the next couple
of months.
 Economics (n) - Môn kinh tế học - She's in her third year
of studying economics
at York University.
Integrate (v) into/ with - Hội nhập - It's very difficult to
something integrate yourself into a
society whose culture is
so different from your
own.
 Integration (n) - Sự hội nhập - The heads of
government were trying
to encourage regional
integration.

Nation (n) /ˈneɪ.ʃən/ - Quốc gia -The children were

/ˈnæʃ.ən.əl/ wearing traditional
/ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl/ national costume.
 National (a) /ˌneɪ.ʃənˈwaɪd/ - Thuộc về quốc -She was the boss of a
 International (a) gia/ dân tộc large international
- Quốc tế company.
-He owns a nationwide
 Nationwide (a) - Toàn quốc chain of restaurants.

Embrace (v) = Accept - Chấp nhận ( một This was an opportunity

ý tưởng, một that he would embrace.
sáng kiến..)
Note (n) - Tờ tiền A €20 note

 Notable (a)
 - Trứ danh, quan This attractive building
trọng is particularly notable
for its woodland setting.
Administer (v) /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stər/ - Quản lí, cai trị -The economy has been
/ədˌmɪn.ɪˈstreɪ.ʃən/ badly administered by
the present government.
-Teachers complain that
 Administration (n) - Sự quản lí, cai trị more of their time is
taken up with
administration than
with teaching.
Subsidy (n) /ˈsʌb.sɪ.di/ - Tiền trợ cấp -The company received
/ˈsʌb.sɪ.daɪz/ a substantial
government subsidy.
 Subsidize (v) - Trợ cấp -All private universities
are subsidized by the
government.
Entrepreneurial skill (n) /ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜːr/ - Kỹ năng kinh -We believe that we
doanh must allow our little
companies an
opportunity to show
their entrepreneurial
skill and to develop.
 Entrepreneur (n) - Doanh nhân -He was one of the
entrepreneurs of the
80s who made their
money in property.
Business (n) /ˈbɪz.nɪs/ - Việc kinh doanh -She runs her own
printing business.
 Do business - Làm ăn -Our firm does a lot of
business with overseas
customers.
 Family business - Một tổ chức có -They put a lot of money
quy mô into the family business.
Business (n) -I made it my business
 Make it my business - TRÁCH NHIỆM to be there at dinner the
following day.
Subsequent (a) - Ngay sau, liền kề The book discusses his
= Succeeding (a) + illness and subsequent
generations/ events resignation from
 Subsequently (a) - Later politics.
 Subsequent to (prep) =
after >< prior to (before)
Substantial (a) Một cách đáng kể T he findings show a
= considerable (a) substantial difference
between the opinions of
men and women.
- A large international
meeting was held with
Sustainable (a) - Bền vững the aim of promoting
 Sustainability (n) -Tính bền vững sustainable
development in all
 Sustain (v) - maintain (duy trì) countries.
 - suffer - He seems to find it
difficult to sustain
relationships with
women.
- Most buildings
sustained only
minimal damage in the
earthquake.
Bound (n) Giới hạn về xã hội -The committee felt that
hoặc pháp luật newspaper coverage of
the murder went beyond
reasonable bounds.
 Know no bounds Không có giới hạn -When she heard the
news , her fury knew no
bounds.
Initiate (v) /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ Khởi xướng -The government has
/ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃn/ initiated a programme
/ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ of economic reform.
 Initiation (n) Sự khởi xướng -It is generally the
police who deal with the
initiation of criminal
 Initiative (n) Sáng kiến proceedings.
-Most policy initiatives
come from the White
House.
Dominate (v) Thống trị -She always says a lot in
meetings, but she
doesn't dominate.
 Domination (n) Sự thống trị -Companies fighting for
domination of the
software market
 Dominant (a) Có ưu thế hơn, có -The firm has achieved
ảnh hưởng lớn a dominant position in
the world market.
Stagnant (a) /ˈstæɡnənt/ Trì trệ -The housing market
has been largely
stagnant over the past
few months.
Inflation (n) Sự lạm phát -Wage increases must
 Inflate (v) Thổi phồng be in line with inflation.
 Inflatable (a) Có thể thổi phồng -The media have grossly
 Inflated (v) (giá cả) bị đôn lên inflated the significance
cao hơn of this meeting.
Remarkable (a) Đáng chú ý, đặc biệt The area is remarkable
Significant (a) for its scenery.
Striking (a)
Exceptional (a)

SYNONYMS
INCREASE
VERB:
Rise Climb Escalate Soar
rocket Shoot up Spiral surge

NOUN
Rise Climb elevation Augmentation
Surge leap jump upswing

DECREASE
Downturn (n) Downswing (n) Reduction(n) Diminish (v)
Fall (n) Decline (n) Dwindle (v) Deflate (v)

IDIOMS FOR ECONOMY

IDIOMS MEANING
In a nutshell tổng kết

Bring to the table đem ra để bàn bạc/ thoả thuận/ thương thảo

Back to the drawing board bắt đầu lại từ đầu vì mọi việc xảy ra không như ý
học những thứ cơ bản của một nghề/ công việc
To learn the ropes
nào đó
To cut corners: đốt cháy giai đoạn

The bottom line lợi nhuận cuối cùng

To get down to business nghiêm túc làm cái gì đó

To get someone up to speed cập nhật cho ai về tình hình hiện tại

Get the sack Bị đuổi việc

Burn the candle at both ends Làm việc siêng năng, nhiều giờ liền

Rank and file (n) Nhân viên bình thường của các tổ chức nào đó

Pay through the nose Chi 1 khoản rất lớn

Tighten your belt Thắt lưng buộc bụng

Make ends meet Đủ xoay sở để sống qua ngày

A dime a dozen Rất rẻ

Stand your ground Từ chối nhượng bộ, giữ nguyên quan điểm

Sweeten the deal Thêm cái gì vào khiến việc thương thảo dễ hơn
Trial Balloon Bài thử phản ứng của ai

Head/ Go South Giảm/ trở nên tệ hơn

Read between the lines Hiểu được hàm ý/ ẩn ý

Across the Board Dành cho tất cả

 UNIT 8: TECHNOLOGY

VOCABULARY PHONETICS MEANING EXAMPLE

Technology (n) /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ - Công nghệ - This technology
 Technological (a) /teknəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ - Liên quan tới công enables computers to
nghệ read handwriting.
- It was a remarkable
period of scientific
and technological
innovation.
Recognize (v) /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ - Nhận ra - The organization
 Recognition (n) /rekəɡˈnɪʃn/ - Sự nhận ra, sự công has not been officially
 Recognized (a) /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ nhận recognized as a trade
 Recognizable (a) /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/ - Được công nhận union.
- Có thể nhận ra - The building was
easily recognizable
as a prison.
Efficiency (n) /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ - Sự hiệu quả - I was impressed by
 Efficient (a) /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ - Tính hiệu quả the efficiency with
which she handled
the crisis.
- We offer a fast,
friendly and efficient
service.
Population (n) /pɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ - Dân số - The island is
 Populate (v) /ˈpɒpjuleɪt/ - Cư trú, đến định cư populated largely by
 Populous (a) /ˈpɒpjələs/ khu vực sheep.
 Densely – populate (a) - Nơi đông dân - China is the world's
 Sparsely – populated (a) - Dân cư đông đúc most populous
 Overpopulation - Dân cư thưa thớt country.
- Dân số quá tải - The city is densely
populated with over
10,000 people per
square kilometer.
- Overpopulation is
one of the country's
most pressing social
problems.
Redundant (a) /rɪˈdʌndənt/ - Dư thừa - The picture has too
 Be made redundant (a) - Bị sa thải much redundant
 Redundancy (n) /rɪˈdʌndənsi/ - Sự sa thải detail.
- She was made
redundant from the
company after eight
years.
- Thousands of
factory workers are
facing redundancy.
Wipe out (pv) - Ngã khi đang chơi thể - She wiped out at the
thao third gate in the
slalom race
 Automate (v) /ˈɔːtəmeɪt/ - Tự động hóa - The factory is now
 Automatic (a) /ɔːtəˈmætɪk/ - Tính tự động fully automated.
 Auto industry - Ngành công nghiệp - My camera has
chế tạo xe hơi manual and
automatic functions.
- Automotive
industry is the largest
industry sector in
Germany.
Manufacture (v) /mænjuˈfæktʃə(r)/ - Sản xuất - This company
 Manufacturer (n) /mænjuˈfæktʃərə(r)/ - Người chế tạo sản manufactures the
 Manufacture (n) = mass xuất equipment used to
production - Sản xuất hàng loạt make contact lenses.
- Faulty goods should
be returned to the
manufacturers.
- Mass-production is
reducing the cost of
buying or leasing
industrial robots.
Expenditure (n) /ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r)/ - Sự phung phí - The budget provided
for a total
expenditure of £27
billion.
Stability (n) /stəˈbɪləti/ - Sự ổn định, sự bền - Being back with
 Instability (n) /ɪnstəˈbɪləti/ vững their family should
 Stable (a) /ˈsteɪbl/ - Sự bất ổn, không bền provide emotional
 Unstable (a) /ʌnˈsteɪbl/ vững stability for the
- Tính ổn định children.
- Tính bất ổn - The building's
instability makes it
extremely dangerous.
- The situation in the
country has remained
relatively stable for a
few months now.
- The political
situation remains
highly unstable.
Contribute (v) /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ - Đóng góp - Would you like to
 Make contribution to - Góp phần vào contribute to our
collection?
- He made a very
positive contribution
to the success of the
project.
Attribute (v) sth TO sth /əˈtrɪbjuːt/ - Được quy là - She attributes her
success to hard work
and a little luck.
Electric (a) /ɪˈlektrɪk/ - Dùng điện để hoạt động - The wind turbine
 Electrical (a) /ɪˈlektrɪkl/ - Thuộc về điện supplies the farm with
 Electronic (a) /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ - Dùng nhiều linh kiện electric power.
điện tử
 - Most electrical
goods come with a
one-year guarantee.
- Airline passengers
no longer have to
turn off all electronic
devices while on the
plane.
Advance (v) /ədˈvɑːns/ - Tăng lên, tiến lên - Technology is
 Advanced (a) /ədˈvɑːnst/ - Tiến bộ, cao cấp advancing at an
 Advancement (n) /ədˈvɑːnsmənt/ - Sự tiến bộ incredibly rapid pace.
 Advance (n) /ədˈvɑːns/ - Sự phát triển - Scientists are
 Advance (a) /ədˈvɑːns/ - Cảnh báo trước sự working on highly
 In advance (a) việc advanced technology
- Trước to replace fossil fuels.
- Please give us
advance warning of
any changes.
- The rent is due one
month in advance.

Reliant (a) on /rɪˈlaɪənt/ - Phụ thuộc vào - The hostel is heavily

= dependent on reliant upon charity
Advantage (n) /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ - Sự thuận lợi, lợi ích - She always tries to
 Advantage (v) /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ - Đặt ở vị trí thuận lợi advantage her friends
 Advantageous (a) /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/ hoặc vượt trội. in social situations.
 Advantaged (a) /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒd/ - Có lợi - A free trade
 Disadvantaged /dɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd/ - Đang ở trong một tình agreement would be
(a) hình xã hội hoặc tài advantageous to both
chính tốt countries.
- Thiệt thòi, thiếu thốn - We aim to improve
opportunities for the
less advantaged in
society.
- A new educational
programme has been
set up for
economically
disadvantaged
children.
Prevention (n) /prɪˈvenʃn/ - Sự ngăn chặn - In the past ten
 Prevent = hinder /prɪˈvent/ - Cản trở, ngăn chặn years, preventive
= hamper = /prɪˈventɪv/ - Phòng ngừa measures have
impede /prɪˈventəbl/ - Có thể phòng ngừa radically reduced
 Preventive (a) levels of tooth decay
 Preventable (a) in children.
- A preventable
disease is one that
you can easily be
vaccinated against.
Cutting – edge (a) /ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/ - Tiên tiến - Using a cutting-
edge piece of
 = State – of – the – art technology human
(a) beings can do many
extraordinary things.

COLLOCATIONS : TECHNOLOGY
Constant/ continuous advancement of technology: sự phát triển liên tục của công nghệ
Ex: Living standards have improved significantly over the past decades thanks to the continuous
advancement of technology.
Be replaced by automation : bị thay thế bởi tự động hoá
Ex: Some parts of human workforce will soon be replaced by automation, especially the repeatable tasks
such as packaging or storage control.
Addicted to something: bị nghiện cái gì
Ex: Children addicted to the internet will show behaviors of increased aggressiveness and irritability, as
well as loss of sleep and depression.
Keep up to date with technology: cập nhật xu hướng công nghệ
Ex: As technology has now become a central pillar of business, it is critical that companies keep up to date
with the constant changes in technology.
Overdependence on technology: sự phụ thuộc quá nhiều vào công nghệ
Ex: There are certain benefits from workplace automation, such as greater efficiency and freeing up the
human workforce to be more creative, but overdependence on these technologies could be detrimental.
Face-to-face communication: tương tác trực tiếp
Ex: These days, face-to-face communication is gradually replaced by the use of social media, such as
Facebook or Instagram.
Enhance the productivity of something: nâng cao năng suất của cái gì
Ex: Technology can greatly enhance the productivity of businesses, as it allows for more effective
communication, as well as enables the automation of manual tasks and promotes higher-value work.
Keep eyes glued to screens: dính mắt vào màn hình điện thoại
Ex: Between staring at computer screens during working hours and regularly gazing down at their phones,
people nowadays are spending more time keeping their eyes glued to their screens than ever before.
Engrossed in social media: quá mải mê với mạng xã hội
Ex: The sight of young people keeping their eyes glued to their phones, being deeply engrossed in social
media platforms is now increasingly common.
Integrate/ incorporate technology into something: tích hợp công nghệ vào cái gì
Ex: Effective technology integration can make students more engaged, and allow them to take more control
over their own learning process.
Have exposure to something: tiếp xúc quá nhiều với cái gì
Ex: I also believe the children we worked with really valued the opportunity to have exposure to our
organisation.
Undergo changes: trải qua những thay đổi
Ex: Your students probably know their bodies will undergo changes as they grow up.
Narrow the gap/ Bridge the gap: làm giảm khoảng cách
Ex: We must bridge the gap between employees and management.

VERB + TECHNOLOGY:
ADOPT/ APPLY/ EXPLOIT/ INTRODUCE/ TAKE ADVANTAGE OF/ USE + TECHNOLOGY

COLLOCATIONS WITH ENVIRONMENT

 Environment
1. To achieve sustainable development: phát triển kinh tế mà không gây ảnh hưởng đến tài nguyên thiên
nhiên
→ Organic methods must be introduced everywhere in order to achieve sustainable development in
agriculture.
2. To alleviate environmental problems: giảm nhẹ mức độ nghiệm của các vấn đề môi trường
→ Everyone can assist in the effort to alleviate environmental problems in the local community,
through simple actions such as recycling waste or planting a tree in their garden.
3. To be on the BRINK/ EDGE of extinction: trên bờ vực tuyệt chủng
→ Before the captive breeding program in zoos, the giant panda was on the brink of extinction.
4. To be environmentally friendly: thân thiến với môi trường
→ We can help to protect the environment by using cleaning products and cosmetics that are
environmentally friendly.
5. To be spoiled by: chịu tác động xấu/ bị hủy hoại
→ Several famous beaches in Vietnam have been spoiled by this lack of respect for the local
environment.
6. To cut down on emissions: giảm lượng khí thải
→ People must be made aware of the need to cut down on emissions from their cars if we are to reduce
air pollution.
7. To deplete natural resources: làm suy giảm nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên
→ Timber companies must not be allowed to deplete natural resources by cutting down trees without
planting new trees to replace them.
8. To discharge toxic chemical waste: xả chất thải hóa học độc hại
→ Nowadays, more and more industrial companies are discharging toxic chemical waste into rivers,
causing death to many fish and other aquatic animals.
 9. Environmental degradation: suy thoái môi trường
→ Africa is a continent in which environmental degradation is evident in the spread of deserts and the
extinction of animal species.
10. To fight climate change: ngăn chặn biến đổi khí hậu
→ Unless we consume less of the Earth’s natural resources, it will be impossible to fight climate
change and safeguard our future.
11. To have a devastating effect on something: gây ra sự phá hủy, tàn phá rất lớn lên thứ gì đó
→ Toxic emissions from factories and exhaust fumes from vehicles lead to global warming, which may
have a devastating effect on the planet in the future.
12.Long-term consequences: những ảnh hưởng lâu dài
→ The effects of our use of fossil fuels today may last for generations, and it is almost certain to have
long-term consequences for humanity.
13. To reduce the dependence/reliance on fossil fuels: giảm sự phụ thuộc/ giảm lượng tiêu thụ vào
nhiên liệu hóa thạch
→ Governments must invest heavily in solar and wind energy projects in order to reduce our
dependence/reliance on fossil fuels.
14. To take action on global warming: hành động để ngăn chặn hiện tượng nóng lên toàn cầu
→ There have been numerous international conferences to warn of the dangers, but many governments
have refused to take action on global warming.
IDIOMS
 Environment
1. A VOICE IN THE WILDERNESS: nói không ai nghe, không ai tin
→ For too long environmentalists have been a voice in the wilderness.
2. A HOT POTATO: dùng để diễn tả một sự việc một vấn đề hoặc tình huống khó giải quyết và gây tranh
cãi
→ Nowadays, environment pollution is a hot potato because it is hard to solve.
3. A GREEN BELT: khu vực xanh tươi bao quanh thành phố
→ We lose the opportunity to continue such progress if we weaken our commitment to the green belt.
4. A DROP IN THE OCEAN: quá nhỏ, chẳng thấm vào đâu
→ A tiny plastic bottle is just a drop in the ocean. But everyone threw that bottle in the environment, the
consequences would be unpredictable.
5. BEAT AROUND THE BUSH/ BEAT ABOUT THE BUSH: Nói loanh quanh, vòng vo, không vào vấn
đề.
→ Don’t beat around the bush. Deforestation is a catastrophe, not a predicament.
6. DO WONDERS FOR SOMETHING/ SOMEBODY: có tác động tốt tới cái gì/ tới ai
→ Good awareness of each person in protecting the environment has done wonders for our world.
7. GET BACK TO NATURE: trở về với thiên nhiên
→ They went on a camping trip to get back to nature.
8. GO GREEN: sống xanh
→ As a move towards going green I’ve recently stopped providing plastic bags for my customers.
9. GET THE BALL ROLLING: bắt đầu làm gì để khuyến khích mọi người làm theo.
→ If you want to protect the environment, it’s time to get the ball rolling!
10. IN DEEP WATER: gặp khó khăn, ở trong tình trạng nguy hiểm
→ We’re going to be in deep water if they don’t clean up our oceans.
11. SET ALARM BELLS RINGING: hồi chuông cảnh báo
→ Continuous natural disasters set alarm bells ringing about environmental pollution.

 Technology
1. A FLASH IN THE PAN: nổi tiếng trong thời gian ngắn
→ The new startup’s innovative product was hailed as a game-changer but turned out to be “a flash in the
pan” when it failed to attract sustained interest from consumers.
2. AHEAD OF THE CURVE: hiện đại hơn những thứ khác cùng lĩnh vực
→ If you want technology that's ahead of the curve, you'd better be prepared to pay for it.
3. AS DEAD AS A DODO: lỗi thời, lạc hậu
→ The floppy disk is an invention that is now as dead as a dodo.
4. AT THE CUTTING EDGE: sự tiến bộ, phát triển vượt xa những cái khác trong cùng một lĩnh vực
→ This is a company at the cutting edge of mobile communications technology.
5. BREAK NEW GROUND: làm ra một cái gì đó mới, thiết lập một kỷ lục mới hoặc là người tiên phong
làm điều gì đó.
→ The company’s revolutionary product broke new ground in the smartphone market.
6. BE THE BRAINCHILD OF SOMEBODY: đứa con tinh thần của ai đó, bao gồm kế hoạch, phát minh,
hoặc ý tưởng nguyên gốc hay sản phẩm trí tuệ
→ The personal computer was the brainchild of a man named Steve Jobs.
7. LIGHT-YEARS AHEAD: tiến bộ, đi trước thời đại
→ This new technology puts the company light-years ahead of its competitors.
8. OFF THE GRID: chỉ đến việc không sử dụng công nghệ
→ We spent the weekend camping in the wilderness, completely off the grid.
9. OPEN DOOR TO SOMETHING: mở đường cho cái gì
→ Technology opens the door for entrepreneurs to achieve the triple bottom line.
10. PLUG AND PLAY: dùng để nói về một thiết bị dễ cài đặt và sử dụng
→ Consumers want products that they can plug and play and use straight out of the box.
11. UP AND RUNNING: sẵn sàng để sử dụng
→ The engineer soon got the air-conditioning up and running again.