PHARMACOLOGY PYQ
ANS
LONG ESSAY
1. Enumerate β blockers. Explain any six uses and two contraindications of β
blockers (2+3+1=6) – 2014
2. Classify beta blockers with one example for each. Mention the therapeutic uses
and adverse effects of propranolol (2+2+2=6) – 2014
3. Read the clinical problem and answer the following questions: 30 years old man
was admitted in emergency ward with acute abdominal pain. After diagnosed
with acute appendicitis, he was taken for surgery. On the operation table, after
administration of a skeletal muscle relaxant, patient developed difficulty in
breathing and went in for apnoea.
• Which skeletal muscle relaxant is responsible for this reaction.
• What is the reason for the apnoea.
• How will you manage the patient. (1+3+2=6) – 2015
4. Read the clinical problem and answer the following questions:
• After injection of succinylcholine i.v. to provide muscle relaxation, the
patient developed prolonged apnoea.
• What is the probable reason for this.
• Can edrophonium be given as antidote. If yes, why and if not why not.
• What is the line of treatment. (2+2+2=6) – 2017
5. Enumerate the topical group of agents used in the treatment of open angle
glaucoma. Give examples and explain the mechanism of action of each group of
drugs. (2+2+2) – 2019
6. 19 yrs old Saravanan was admitted to the emergency ward with the history of
consumption of poison after love failure. On admission, he had profuse sweating,
excess salivation, laboured breathing & pinpoint pupil. He had thrown convulsion
once. His pulse rate was 45-50/mt.
What is your probable diagnosis
What is the line of management
What are the specific antidotes. How they are useful. (1+2+1+2) – 2019
7. Read the clinical problem and answer the following question: An elderly male
aged 70 years was brought to the outpatient department with complaints of
difficulty in passing urine, poor stream & post void dribbling. Examination
revealed that he had benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and his BP was 160/ 100
mm of Hg.
What drug will you prescribe to take care of both BPH & hypertension
Explain the mechanism of action of the drug in this patient
What do you understand by ‘first dose effect’ of Prazosin (2+2+2) - 2019
8. A middle aged man posted for appendectomy was given an injection by the
ward nurse before being shifted to the operation theatre. Patient developed
dryness of mouth, difficulty in swallowing and severe thirst.
What is the drug that was injected
Why the drug was given pre-operatively
What are the other drugs which are given pre-operatively (1+2+3) – 2020
9. Classify anticholinergic drugs. Describe the pharmacological actions,
therapeutic uses and contraindications of atropine. (2+2+1+1) – 2021
10. Read the clinical problem and answer the following questions: A 50 years old
man was administered succinylcholine for endotracheal intubation. The patient
developed prolonged muscle paralysis and apnea.
What could be the cause of apnea in this patient
How will you treat the apnea
Name two muscle relaxants that you can use in this patient in future
(2+2+2) – 2021
11. Classify atropine substitutes, explain their uses and adverse effects (3+2+1) –
2022
12. A farmer was brought to the emergency department of the hospital
presenting with lacrimation, salivation, sweating and breathlessness. O/E he is
having miosis, blurring of vision, bronchospasm with copious trachea-bronchial
secretions with BP100/60mmHg and PR-60/min. He gives history of spraying a
strong insecticide in his agricultural field.
What is the likely diagnosis
Briefly outline the general measures of management
Discuss in detail the drugs used to manage this condition with its rationale
for use (1+2+3) – 2023
13. A 22-year-old farmer was brought to the casualty with symptoms of nausea,
vomiting, severe abdominal pain, lacrimation, salivation, blurring of vision,
muscular twitches and weakness. He was suspected to have consumed Organo-
phosphorous compound.
Outline the management of this poisoning
Discuss the mechanism of action and rationale for using the specific
antidotes (2+4) – 2024
SHORT ESSAY
1. Drug treatment of anti cholinesterase poisoning - 2013
2. Nasal decongestants - 2013
3. Treatment of organophosphorus poisoning - 2013, 2014
4. Dopamine - 2014
5. Atropine - 2015
6. Amphetamine - 2015
7. Therapeutic uses of adrenergic drugs - 2016
8. Dopamine in cardiogenic shock - 2016
9. Carvedilol - 2016
10. Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of atropine - 2016
11. Neostigmine – 2017,2021
12. Ipratropium bromide – 2017
13. Edrophonium – 2018
14. Pre anesthetic medication – 2018,2022
15. Atracurium – 2018,2020
16. Metoprolol – 2021
17. Prazosin – 2021
18. Describe the uses, adverse effects and contraindications of atropine and
atropine substitutes(8M) – 2022
19. (a) Four drugs used to treat Chronic glaucoma with rationale for use of each
drug.
(b) Describe the Management of Status epilepticus – 2022
20. Classify drugs used in treatment of chronic simple glaucoma. Write the
mechanism of action and adverse effects of Beta blockers – 2022
21. Propranolol – 2022
22. Adrenaline – 2022
23. Cardioselective beta blockers – 2022
24. (a) Classify peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants.
(b) Mention one centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with its mechanism
of action and indications for use. (4+4) – 2023
25. (a) Signs and symptoms of Atropine toxicity. Briefly outline the management.
(b) Uses of Prostaglandins (4+4) – 2023
26. (a) Outline the management of Organophospherous poisoning.
(b) Write the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of
Pancuronium. (4+4) - 2023
27. Briefly describe Adrenaline. Advantage of combining Adrenaline with
Lignocaine. Mention the sites where this combination is contraindicated. (4+3+1)
– 2023
28. Salbutamol (3M) – 2023
29. (a) Alpha blockers
(b) Enumerate the uses of prostaglandins (4+4) – 2024
30. (a) Neostigmine. (b) Ondansetron (4+4) – 2024
SHORT ANSWERS
1. Rationale of combining beta blockers with long acting nitrates – 2013
2. Rationale for the use of adrenaline in anaphylactic shock – 2013, 2021, 2022,
2024
3. Two uses and two adverse effects of atropine – 2014
4. Rationale for the use of adrenaline with lignocaine for local anesthesia (tooth
extraction) – 2014, 2019, 2022, 2023
5. Mechanism of action of dantrolene sodium – 2014
6. Two uses and two adverse effects of propranolol - 2015, 2024
7. Rationale for use of terazosin in benign prostatic hypertrophy – 2015
8. Rationale for use of prazosin in benign prostatic hypertrophy – 2017, 2018,
2022
9. Rationale for use of physostigmine in atropine poisoning – 2015
10. Rationale for the use of glycopyrrolate in pre-anesthetic medication - 2016
11. Mechanism of action of pancuronium – 2016
12. Rationale for the use of oximes (Pralidoxime) in organophosphorus poisoning -
2017, 2021
13. Dipivefrine – 2017
14. Rationale for use of pilocarpine in glaucoma – 2018
15. Explain the use of propranolol in thyrotoxicosis – 2018
16. Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of Atropine as antisecretory agent
– 2019
17. Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of Dantrolene in malignant
hyperthermia – 2018, 2019, 2023
18. Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of Beta blockers in angina – 2020,
2021
19. Two uses and two adverse effects of Prazosin – 2020
20. Two uses and two adverse effects of Clonidine – 2019,2021
21. Two uses and two adverse effects of d-Tubocurarine – 2021
22. Enumerate Alpha blockers and explain their therapeutic uses - 2022
23. Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Neostigmine – 2022
24. Pharmacological management of Myasthenia gravis - 2022
25. Treatment of Organophosphorous poisoning – 2022, 2024
26. Write two uses and two adverse effects of Salbutamol – 2022
27. Enumerate four therapeutic uses of Adrenaline, with its rationale for use in
each condition – 2023
28. What is the rationale of using Beta-blockers in Glaucoma – 2023
29. Pharmacological basis for the use of Timolol in glaucoma – 2024
30. Pharmacotherapy of Anaphylactic shock with rationale for use of each drug –
2024
31. C&J - Lidocaine / Propranolol to treat arrhythmia following myocardial
infarction – 2019
32. C&J - Physostigmine / Neostigmine in glaucoma management – 2015, 2020
33. C&J - Edrophonium /Pyridostigmine for the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis –
2022
34. C&J - Scopolamine/Cetirizine for motion sickness – 2022
35. C&J - Prazosin/Tamsulosin in Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy – 2022
36. C&J - Physostigmine/Neostigmine in atropine poisoning – 2022
37. C&J - Adrenaline/Noradrenaline in Anaphylactic shock – 2023
38. C&J - Timolol/Propranolol in glaucoma – 2023
39. C&J - Atropine / Phenylephrine for refraction testing - 2024
40. C&J - Prazosin/Phentolamine for the treatment of Benign hypertrophy of
prostate (BPH) in elderly patients – 2024
ONE WORD – NAME 2 DRUGS
1. Drugs used in Myasthenia gravis – Pyridostigmine, Neostigmine (2013, 2016)
2. Cardio selective beta blockers – Metoprolol, Atenolol, Esmolol (2013, 2015,
2019)
3. Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants – Succinylcholine, d-Tubocurarine,
Dantrolene (2013)
4. Drugs used in Anaphylactic shock – Adrenaline, Hydrocortisone (2014)
5. Drugs used as Pre-anesthetic medication – Atropine, Glycopyrrolate (2014,
2017, 2024)
6. Drugs used in Benign prostatic hypertrophy – Prazosin, Terazosin (2014)
7. Nasal decongestants – Phenylephrine, Xylometazoline (2015, 2015, 2023, 2024)
8. Cholinesterase reactivators – Pralidoxime, Obidoxime (2015)
9. Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants – Diazepam, Baclofen (2015, 2022,
2024)
10. Drugs used in Management of organophosphorus poisoning – Atropine,
Oximes - Pralidoxime (2016, 2022)
11. Drugs used in Motion sickness – Hyoscine( Scopolamine), Dicycolmine (2016)
12. Anti- muscarinic drugs – Atropine, Ipratropium bromide (2017)
13. Selective alpha blockers - Prazosin, Terazosin (2017)
14. Drugs used in acute congestive glaucoma – Latanoprost, Mannitol,
Acetazolamide (2017,2018)
15. Competitive neuromuscular blockers - d-Tubocurarine, Pancuronium (2018)
16. Beta 2 sympathomimetic drugs – Salbutamol,, Terbutaline (2018)
17. Drugs used in open angle glaucoma - Latanoprost, Timolol (2019)
18. Vesico-selective anticholinergics – Oxybutynin, Darifenacin (2020, 2023)
19. Topical nasal decongestants – Phenylephrine, Naphazoline, Xylometazoline
(2021
20. Anticholinergic bronchodilators – Salbutamol,, Terbutaline (2021)
21. Skeletal muscle relaxants - Succinylcholine, d-Tubocurarine (2022)
22. Drugs used in Alzheimer’s disease – Rivastigmine, Donepezil (2022, 2024)
23. Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents – Succinylcholine,
Decamethonium (2022)
24. Centrally acting alpha-2 receptor agonists – Clonidine, Methyldopa (2023)
25. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in glaucoma – Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide
(2023, 2024)
