Đảo ngữ (inversion) là gì?

Cấu trúc đảo ngữ (Inversion) là cấu trúc trong đó các phó từ hoặc trợ động từ
không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà được đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu, nhằm
nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ.

Các cấu trúc đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh

Câu đảo ngữ dùng “than”
Cấu trúc: Chủ ngữ + Động từ + “than”+ Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ.
Ví dụ: Children spend more time playing video games than adults do.
 Children spend more time playing video games than do adults.

Câu đảo ngữ dùng “as”

Cấu trúc: Chủ ngữ + Động từ, “as” + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ.
Ví dụ: Teachers in this class accept this challenge, and students also accept this
challenge.
 Teachers in this class accept this challenge, as do students.

Câu đảo ngữ dùng “so … that”

So + tính từ/trạng từ + to be/ trợ động từ + chủ ngữ + (V)+ that + mệnh đề.
Ví dụ 1: The film is so interesting that I’ve rewatched it many times.
 So interesting is this film that I’ve rewatched it many times.
Ví dụ 2: He answered the question so quickly that everyone in the room was
surprised.
 So quickly did he answer the question that everyone in the room was
surprised.
Đảo ngữ với “such … that”
Such + động từ to be + mạo từ + (tính từ)+ danh từ + that + mệnh đề.
Ví dụ: This is such a beautiful city that I want to live here for the rest of my life.
 Such is a beautiful city that I want to live here for the rest of my life.

Câu đảo ngữ dùng “neither/nor”

Cấu trúc: Chủ ngữ + Động từ (ở dạng phủ định) + and + “neither/nor” + Trợ động
từ + Chủ ngữ.
Ví dụ: Many scientists do not believe in the existence of ghosts and the rest of us
also do not believe in this.
 Many scientists do not believe in the existence of ghosts and neither/nor
do the rest of us.

Câu đảo ngữ dùng trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định

Cấu trúc: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Scarcely, Barely, Hardly, No sooner, Little + Trợ
động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ nguyên mẫu.
Ví dụ: Criminals rarely tell the truth. – tội phạm
 Rarely do criminals tell the truth.

Câu đảo ngữ dùng các cụm từ có chứa từ “no”

Khi các cụm từ sau đây đứng đầu câu thì người viết/nói phải áp dụng cấu trúc đảo
ngữ:
 In no way: không một cách nào
 At no time: không một lúc nào
 On no account: không một lý do nào
 Under no circumstances/conditions: không một hoàn cảnh/điều kiện nào
 For no reason: không vì một lý do nào
Cấu trúc: In no way/ At no time/ On no account/ Under no circumstances / For no
reason + Trợ động từ/Động từ khiếm khuyết + Chủ ngữ + Động từ nguyên mẫu.
Ví dụ 1: There are no circumstances/conditions under/in which I would want to
marry her.
 Under no circumstances/conditions would I want to marry her. (Tôi không
muốn lấy cô ấy trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh / điều kiện nào.)
Ví dụ 2: Parents do not deserve to pay for their children’s crimes in any way.
 In no way do parents deserve to pay for their children’s crimes. (Cha mẹ
không xứng đáng phải trả giá cho tội ác của con cái họ bằng bất kỳ cách
nào.)

Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện

Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1
Cấu trúc:

Ví dụ: If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will picnic in the park.

 Should the weather be nice tomorrow, we will picnic in the park.
Công thức đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2

Ví dụ 1: If I won the lottery, I would buy that mansion.

 Were I to win the lottery, I would buy that mansion
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3

Ví dụ: If he had chosen to work in this company, he would have had a lot of
money.
 Had he chosen to work in this company, he would have had a lot of money.

Câu đảo ngữ bắt đầu bằng từ “only”

Only + từ/cụm từ chỉ thời gian
Ví dụ: We can only truly appreciate life when/once we get old.
 Only when/once we get old can we truly appreciate life.
Only + giới từ
Ví dụ: Students can only expect to achieve good results if they study hard every
day
 Only by studying hard every day can students expect to achieve good
results.
Câu đảo ngữ dùng các cụm từ có chứa từ “not”
Ví dụ 1: We are not likely to solve this problem until we take it seriously.
 Not until we take this problem seriously are we likely to solve it.
Ví dụ 2: We need to both reduce crime rates and eliminate famine. - Xóa bỏ
 Not only do we need to reduce crime rates, but we also have to eliminate
famine.

Bài tập đảo ngữ

Bài 1: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng các cấu trúc đảo ngữ:
1. (Rarely/I) see anybody drinking beer in the morning
 Rarely do I see…
2. (Never/she) go to school by bus
 Never does she go…
3. (Not only/pollution) create health issues for human but it also threatens the
ecosystem of animals
 Not only do pollution ….
4. Teenagers seem to be more sensitive than (adults)
 … than do adults
5. My mother cooks better than (my father)
 … than does my father
6. Vietnam attracts a great number of visitors every year, (China)
 …, as does China
7. Deers eat only grass and vegetables, (horses)
 , as do horses
8. Last year, the marketing department had to work 8 hours per day, (the sale
department)

9. (Hot) the weather that I can’t go out
 So hot is the weather that…
10.(Bad-tempered) he that I have to avoid him for 2 days
 So bad – tempered is he …
11.(Heavily) it rain that the traffic was congested
 So heavily does it rain…
12. (Fast) the thief run that the police could not arrest him
 So fast does the thief run…
13. (Such) a beautiful day that we have to go picnic
 Such is a….
14.(Such) fascinating books that I couldn’t stop reading them
 Such are …
15.(circumstances/conditions) the company accept that offer
 Under no circumstances does the company accept…
16.(way/should) you speak ill of anyone else
 In no way should you ….
17.(no time) he play truant when he was a student
 At no time does he play….
18.(Little/I) know that you are the CEO of the company.
 Little do I know that…
19.(no reason) her friend leave her when she was in tough times
 For no reason does her friend leave…
20.Many youngsters do not plan to get married and (neither/nor) I
  …neither/nor do I
Bài 2: Viết lại các câu điều kiện sau theo dạng đảo ngữ
1. If he becomes a billionaire, I will love him
 Should he become a billionaire…
2. If you study harder, you will get the scholarship this year
 should you study…
3. If you are polite, everyone will respect you
 Should you be polite…
4. If I were you, I wouldn’t say such a thing
 Were I to be you…
5. If I had gone to a university when I was younger, I would have had a better
job now
 Had I gone to a university…
6. If the weather weren’t so bad, we could go out
 Were the weather not to be so bad
7. If Janice stayed at home, she would play games with me
 Were Janice to stay at home…
8. If we had had a compass, we wouldn’t have gotten lost
 Had we had a …
9. If I had learned carefully, I could have passed exam
 Had I learned…
10.If I had come in time yesterday, I would have met Jim
 Had I come …
Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống sau:
1. Only when he becomes the boss ________ to listen to him
 1. does everyone start
2. did everyone start
3. could everyone start
4. everyone starts
2. Only by gaining experience from part-time jobs before graduation _________
good job opportunities
1. students get
2. do students get
3. does students get
4. students to get
3. Only with money ______ good living standards
1. people can get
2. people get
3. can people to enjoy
4. can people enjoy
4. Only if you have a contribution to the organization ______ that position
1. will you get
2. you will get
3. you got
4. you can get
5. Only if parents educate their kids …. kids ….
1. kids are well-behaved
2. kids will be well-behaved
3. are kids well-behaved
4. kids to be well-behaved