Purposive Communication 1 ○ Language Change – result of language contact. 4.
Psychological Barrier – if a person is not mentally
Maira Clarette Yutuc Ramos or emotionally sound, they cannot communicate
effectively either as a sender or a receiver (e.g.,
WEEK 1: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION (Advance study) stress, anxiety, bias).
Types of Communication 5. Physical Barrier – problems related to the
Language organizational environment or interior workspace
○ A system of communication that uses words Internal Communication – exchange of information among design, technological issues, and noise (e.g., poor
○ To express their feelings and emotions people within an organization. acoustics, malfunctioning equipment, loud
distractions).
Communication External Communication – The exchange of information
○ Process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, between individuals within an organization and those Types of Communication According to Mode –
or messages. outside the organization. understanding these modes helps in creating more
○ The process of transmitting; actions; emphasis or toning down when transmitting or receiving
i. Verbal Essential Components of Communication messages.
ii. Non-verbal 1. Sender – the originator of the message.
iii. Gestures 2. Receiver – the person or group to whom the Five Basic Features of Human Language:
iv. Facial expression message is directed. 1. Phonology
v. Sign language 3. Message – the information being conveyed (verbal, ○ How sound is organized and structured to
non-verbal) convey meaning.
3 Components of Language 4. Encoding – the process of converting the message 2. Semantics
1. Grammar – a system of structure that teaches us into a format that can be transmitted. ○ The meaning of words, phrases, and
how to construct a sentence 5. Decoding – the process by which the receiver sentences in a language.
2. Phonology – system of sounds interprets the message. ○ Explains different connotations (associated
3. Lexicon – vocabulary of language 6. Channel – the medium through which the message meaning) and denotations (dictionary
is sent (e.g., verbal, written, visual). meaning).
Speech Community – when a group of people shares a 7. Feedback – the receiver's response to the 3. Morphology
common dialect, understanding each other is possible. message, indicating understanding. ○ Is the formation of words.
8. Context – the circumstances or environment ○ Content words: Nouns, adjectives, adverbs.
Jargon – words or expressions used by a particular surrounding the communication. ○ Function words: Determiners, conjunctions,
profession or group. 9. Noise – anything that interferes with the message prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs,
(e.g., literal noise, distractions, cultural differences, modals, qualifiers, and question words.
technical jargon). 4. Syntax
Language Acquisition – a First Language (Mother
○ How words are put together to form
process by which humans Tongue) – language
Communication Barriers – anything that gets in the way of grammatically correct sentences.
develop the ability to acquired as we grow up.
clear communication prevents, restricts, or impedes the 5. Pragmatics
understand and use
conveyance of meaning by words or gestures in a social ○ How language is used; it is how words can be
language. Second Language – setting. interpreted in various scenarios based on
deliberate learning of new context and social rules.
language other than the Types of Barriers to Effective Communication
native. 1. Linguistic/Verbal Barrier – inability to
● Formally – learned communicate using a shared language.
in school 2. Cultural Barrier – occurs when people belonging
● Informally – learned to different cultures communicate, leading to
on your own misunderstandings due to differing norms, values,
or beliefs.
Language Contact 3. Physiological Barrier – limitations of the human
○ “New form of language” body and mind that affect communication (e.g.,
○ Occurs when speakers of different languages hearing impairment, cognitive limitations).
interact and influence each other.
