Purposive Communication 1 ○ Occurs when speakers of different languages communication (e.g.
, hearing impairment,
Maira Clarette Yutuc Ramos interact and influence each other. cognitive limitations).
○ Language Change – result of language contact. 4. Psychological Barrier – if a person is not
WEEK 1: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION mentally or emotionally sound, they cannot
communicate effectively either as a sender or a
Language (Advance study) receiver (e.g., stress, anxiety, bias).
○ A system of communication that uses words Types of Communication 5. Physical Barrier – problems related to the
○ To express their feelings and emotions organizational environment or interior
Internal Communication – exchange of information workspace design, technological issues, and
Communication among people within an organization. noise (e.g., poor acoustics, malfunctioning
○ Process of exchanging information, ideas, equipment, loud distractions).
thoughts, or messages. External Communication – The exchange of
○ The process of transmitting; actions; information between individuals within an organization Types of Communication According to Mode –
i. Verbal and those outside the organization. understanding these modes helps in creating more
ii. Non-verbal emphasis or toning down when transmitting or
iii. Gestures Essential Components of Communication receiving messages.
iv. Facial expression 1. Sender – the originator of the message.
v. Sign language 2. Receiver – the person or group to whom the Five Basic Features of Human Language:
message is directed. 1. Phonology
3 Components of Language 3. Message – the information being conveyed ○ How sound is organized and structured
1. Grammar – a system of structure that teaches (verbal, non-verbal) to convey meaning.
us how to construct a sentence 4. Encoding – the process of converting the 2. Semantics
2. Phonology – system of sounds message into a format that can be transmitted. ○ The meaning of words, phrases, and
3. Lexicon – vocabulary of language 5. Decoding – the process by which the receiver sentences in a language.
interprets the message. ○ Explains different connotations
Speech Community – when a group of people shares a 6. Channel – the medium through which the (associated meaning) and denotations
common dialect, understanding each other is possible. message is sent (e.g., verbal, written, visual). (dictionary meaning).
7. Feedback – the receiver's response to the 3. Morphology
Jargon – words or expressions used by a particular message, indicating understanding. ○ Is the formation of words.
profession or group. 8. Context – the circumstances or environment ○ Content words: Nouns, adjectives,
surrounding the communication. adverbs.
9. Noise – anything that interferes with the ○ Function words: Determiners,
Language Acquisition – First Language (Mother
message (e.g., literal noise, distractions, cultural conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns,
a process by which Tongue) – language
differences, technical jargon). auxiliary verbs, modals, qualifiers, and
humans develop the acquired as we grow up.
question words.
ability to understand and
Communication Barriers – anything that gets in the 4. Syntax
use language. Second Language – way of clear communication prevents, restricts, or ○ How words are put together to form
deliberate learning of impedes the conveyance of meaning by words or grammatically correct sentences.
new language other than gestures in a social setting. 5. Pragmatics
the native. ○ How language is used; it is how words
● Formally – learned Types of Barriers to Effective Communication can be interpreted in various scenarios
in school 1. Linguistic/Verbal Barrier – inability to based on context and social rules.
● Informally – communicate using a shared language.
learned on your 2. Cultural Barrier – occurs when people
own belonging to different cultures communicate,
leading to misunderstandings due to differing
Language Contact norms, values, or beliefs.
○ “New form of language” 3. Physiological Barrier – limitations of the
human body and mind that affect
WEEK 2: TYPES OF COMMUNICATION Visual Communication — uses visual aids to convey
Effective communication is the cornerstone of human information. It's particularly effective for illustrating
interaction, and it manifests in various forms. complex data or concepts quickly. Examples include:
Understanding these types can significantly improve how ● Images: Photographs, illustrations, and icons.
we send and receive messages. ● Graphics: Charts, graphs, infographics, and
maps.
● Symbols: Logos, traffic signs, and emojis.
Verbal Communication — refers to communication
that uses words. It can be either:
● Oral Communication: Spoken words are used Digital Communication — often relying on verbal
to convey messages. This includes face-to-face (written) and visual elements, digital communication
conversations, phone calls, presentations, is a distinct category due to its medium and
meetings, and even voicemails. Its strength lies characteristics. It encompasses any communication
in its immediacy and the ability to gauge occurring through electronic devices and networks.
real-time reactions through tone of voice and Examples include:
inflections. ● Email: Formal and informal written
● Written Communication: Messages are exchanges.
transmitted through written symbols. ● Instant Messaging/Chat: Real-time
Examples include emails, letters, reports, text-based conversations.
memos, texts, and online chats. It offers a ● Video Conferencing: Real-time visual and
permanent record, allows for careful thought audio interactions (e.g., Zoom, Google Meet).
and revision, and can reach a wider audience. ● Social Media: Platforms for sharing content
and interacting with others (e.g., Facebook, X,
Instagram).
Non-Verbal Communication — more impactful than
verbal cues, non-verbal communication involves
Understanding the nuances of each communication type
conveying messages without words. It includes:
allows for more intentional and effective message
● Body Language: Gestures, posture, facial
delivery and interpretation in both personal and
expressions, and eye contact all transmit
professional contexts.
messages about a person's feelings, intentions,
and engagement. For instance, folded arms
might signal defensiveness, while direct eye
contact can convey attentiveness.
● Proxemics (Space): The physical distance
between communicators can indicate the
nature of their relationship and the level of
intimacy or formality.
● Haptics (Touch): The use of touch, such as a
handshake, a pat on the back, or a hug, can
convey a range of emotions and establish
rapport or express support.
● Paralanguage: This refers to the non-lexical
components of speech, such as tone of voice,
pitch, volume, rate of speech, and even silences
or sighs. These elements add meaning and
emotional context to spoken words.
● Appearance: Dress, grooming, and personal
presentation can also communicate messages
about professionalism, social status, or
personality.
