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ART APPRECIATION

ART

 Ancient latin: ars = craft or specialized form of

skill, like carpentry or smithing or surgery
 Medieval latin= any special form of book-
learning,such as grammar or logic, magic, or
astrology

17th century = the problem and idea of aesthetics, the study

of beauty, began to unfold distinctly from the notion of
technical workmanship, which was the original conception of The Elephant and the Blind Men
the word "art."
ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE
Fine art = not delicate or highly skilled arts, but “beautiful
arts” (Collingwood, 1938) All art depends on experience, and if one is to know
art, he must know it not as fact or information but as
experience.
Unlike fields of knowledge that involve data, art is
known by experiencing. A painter cannot claim to
know how to paint if he has not tried holding a brush.
In philosophical terms, perception of artist always a
value judgment. One cannot argue with another
person's evaluation of art because one's experience
can never be known by another.

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART

The Galloping Wild Boar (Altamira, Spain)

ASSUMPTIONS OF ART ELEMENTS OF ART

 Art is universal LINE

 Art is not nature
 Art involves experience A point moving at an identifiable path which has
length and direction. Line directs the eyes to follow
movement or provide hints as to a work's focal point.
1) Scribbled Lines
ART IS UNIVERSAL 2) Blurred Lines
3) Implied Lines
Art is not good because it is old, but old because it is 4) Whimsical Lines
good. (Dudley, et. Al.,1960) 5) Actual Line
Florante at Laura, Ibong Adarna, Kundiman
Art will always be present because human beings will SHAPE AND FORM
always express themselves and delight in these
expressions. SHAPE - Two-dimensional, with height and width.
 Geometric – straight edges
 Biomorphic – natural
ART IS NOT NATURE
 Amorphous- no clear form
Art is man’s way of interpreting nature. Art is not FORM- Three-dimensional, with height, width, and
nature. Art is made by man, whereas nature is given depth (e.g., cube, sphere).
around us.
Art is subjective. SPACE

The area within or around objects in a composition.

In three-dimensional space, depth can be suggested
through techniques like shading.
 positive (occupied by objects)
 negative (empty areas).

COLOR

It adds emotion and appeal to artwork

 Hue
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o Primary colors-red, yellow, blue REPITITION AND PATTERN

o Secondary colorsgreen, orange,
violet Repetition - the use of the similar elements
o Tertiary colorsmixture of the two throughout a composition.
colors Pattern - a type of repetition where elements are
 Value – the brightness or darkness of color arranged in a predictable, systematic way to create a
o Tint- lighter color than the normal recurring visual motif.
value (pink for red)
o Shade- darker color than the DEPTH AND PERSPECTIVE
normal value (maroon for red)
 Intensity- the color’s brightness or dullness. Depth - illusion of space that shows how far or near
o Warm colors- positive energy the subject is.
o Cool colors - serious or calm Perspective – technical method used to represent
depth and space accurately.

TEXTURE HARMONY

It is experienced through the sense of touch (and the elements or objects create a sense of flow and
sight). How a surface feels or appears to feel. interconnectedness.

PRINCIPLES OF ART
SUBJECT OF ART

The term subject in art refers to the main idea that is

BALANCE represented in the artwork.
o It is the essence of the piece.
creates stability in an artwork by distributing visual o It is the matter to be described or to be
elements evenly. portrayed by the artist. This may refer to
1) Symmetrical- elements on one side are any person, object, scene or event.
reflected to the other.
2) Asymmetrical - not the same on each side, KINDS OF ART AS TO SUBJECT
putting the heaviness on one side.
3) Radial - there is a central point in the Representational - portrays the real subject as it is
composition, around which elements and objects (what)
are distributed Nonrepresentational – does not represent real
object (how)
SCALE AND PROPORTION It may be; landscape, seascape, still life, animals,
portraits, figures, everyday life, history and legends,
Scale - the overall size of an object compared to religion and mythology, dreams and fantasy
what is normal or expected.
Proportion - the size relationships between parts of
a composition or between objects within a work.
PREHISTORIC ART
EMPHASIS AND CONTRAST
Prehistoric art refers to the visual expressions created by
Emphasis - technique of making elements in a humans before written records existed.
composition stand out and get the viewer's attention.
Contrast - creating differences or opposites between Three main phases:
elements, which can lead to emphasis by making one
 Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)
element more prominent than others
 Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)
UNITY AND VARIETY
 Neolithic (New Stone Age)
Unity- creates a sense of completeness and
harmony, ensuring that all elements in a composition
work together. 1. PALEOLITHIC (OLD STONE AGE)
Variety- introduces differences and contrasts to
maintain visual interest and prevent the composition  Earliest period of prehistoric art.
from becoming too uniform or predictable.
 Humans were nomadic hunters and gatherers.
RHYTHM AND MOVEMENT  Cave paintings: The Hall of the Bulls – Lascaux
Cave. These caves were accidentally discovered in
guides the viewer’s eye across the artwork, often
1940 by four teenage boys and their dog. Inside,
creating a sense of motion.
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they found over 600 paintings and 1,500 engravings, MIDDLE AGE (MEDIEVAL ART)
dating back to around 17,000 years ago.
 Artistic freedom declined due to strict
 Venus Figurines: Venus of Willendorf, often religious/canonical rules
emphasize fertility features like large hips and
breasts. Used in fertility rituals or as symbols of  Art mainly served the Church and followed
womanhood and life. standardized religious themes

 Rise of Gothic art and architecture

2. MESOLITHIC (MIDDLE STONE AGE)  Featured pointed arches, flying buttresses, tall spires

 Humans began domesticating animals and using  Emphasized height, light, and heavenly presence
more advanced tools.

 Art became more dynamic and sometimes showed

movement, like human figures dancing or hunting. Popular art forms:

 Art started to reflect daily life, not just rituals. It  Stained glass windows – told Bible stories for the
showed a growing connection to community and illiterate
activities.
 Illuminated manuscripts – hand-decorated religious
books made by monks

3. NEOLITHIC (NEW STONE AGE)  Art was symbolic, spiritual, and focused on salvation,
not realism or personal expression
 Humans settled in permanent villages and began
farming.

 Art reflected more organized life, with pottery and RENAISSANCE

weaving.
 From the French word "renaissance" meaning
 Megalithic structures like Stonehenge appeared. "rebirth"

 Refers to the revival of classical art, learning, and

culture in Europe after the Middle Ages (around
GREEK ART – THE CLASSICAL IDEAL 14th–17th century)

 Peak during the Classical Age  Rebirth of Art and Humanism

 Focused on human form, proportion, symmetry, and  Inspired by classical Greek and Roman ideals
ideal beauty
 Rise of the "Renaissance Man" – a well-rounded
 Famous sculptures: Discobolus, Doryphoros individual skilled in both arts and sciences

 Architecture: Parthenon reflects balance and order  Focus on humanism, realism, and individual
achievement
 Art expressed truth, order, excellence, and mind-
body harmony  Artists studied anatomy, perspective, and nature to
enhance realism

ROMAN ART – REALISM AND POWER

Era of great "Masters":
 Inspired by Greek art, but developed a more realistic
style  Donatello – early master of sculpture

 Roman sculptures show wrinkles, aging, and  Leonardo da Vinci – painter, inventor, scientist
individual features (Mona Lisa, The Last Supper)

 Used to honor leaders and ancestors  Michelangelo – sculptor and painter (David, Sistine
Chapel)
 Common artworks: Busts of emperors, senators,
philosophers  Raphael – master of harmony and clarity (School of
Athens)
 Excelled in architecture and engineering (arches,
aqueducts, Colosseum)  Jan van Eyck – pioneer in oil painting and fine detail

 Art had political and practical purposes, glorifying the

empire
BAROQUE
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 From the Portuguese word "barroco" meaning  Emergence of abstracted sculptures – simplified,
"irregular pearl" stylized forms

 Refers to a dramatic and highly decorative art style  Paintings by Picasso and Matisse used simplified
that emerged in the 17th century shapes and bold designs

 Known for grandiose, ornate, and emotional art MOVEMENTS:

 Emphasized movement, contrast, and theatricality 1) Cubism – fragmented forms and multiple
perspectives
 Used dramatic lighting called chiaroscuro (light-dark
2) Futurism – focused on motion, technology, and
contrast)
modern life
 In its extreme form, it is called tenebrism – intense 3) Constructivism – art with an industrial,
spotlight effect architectural feel; focused on building and structure
4) Expressionism – emotional and distorted
 Art often aimed to inspire awe and emphasize representations of reality
religious power 5) Mondrian – created purely geometric art using lines,
shapes, and primary colors

Artists:
ART DURING THE WARS
 Caravaggio (Italy) – master of tenebrism, realistic
drama Dadaism – an anti-art movement that defied logic, reason,
and tradition; reaction to the chaos of war
 Velázquez (Spain) – court painter, Las Meninas
Surrealism – explored the unconscious mind, dreams, and
 Poussin (France) – classical themes with order and
irrational imagery (e.g., Salvador Dalí)
clarity
American art rises as a global force
 Antonio Gaudí (Spain) – Baroque-inspired architect,
known for Sagrada Familia in Barcelona  Jackson Pollock – earned the nickname "Jack the
Dripper" for his drip painting technique
19TH CENTURY
 Alexander Calder – introduced mobile sculptures,
 Age of “-isms” and Innovation artworks that move with air or touch
 Marked by the rise of various art movements (“-  Mark Rothko – known for Color Field paintings,
isms”) using large blocks of color to evoke emotion and
reflection
1) Neoclassicism – revival of Greek and Roman
classical ideals, order, and heroism
2) Romanticism – focused on emotion, nature, and
individual imagination 20TH CENTURY TO CONTEMPORARY ART
3) Realism – showed everyday life and ordinary people
as they truly were  Art became highly experimental, radical, and
4) Art Nouveau – decorative, flowing style inspired by boundary-breaking
nature and organic forms
5) Impressionism – captured light, color, and fleeting  Pop Art reflected consumerism and mass media led
moments (e.g., Monet) by Andy Warhol (e.g., soup cans, celebrities)
6) Introduction of photography – changed how
 Minimalism focused on the simplest forms, colors,
people saw and captured reality
and elements. Stripped-down, clean, and direct
7) Post-Impressionism – went beyond impressionism
with more structure and emotion (e.g., Van Gogh)  Conceptual art is an art movement where the idea
8) Early Expressionism and Symbolism – explored or concept behind the work is more important than
inner feelings, dreams, and symbolic meaning the actual finished object.

 Photography became more advanced and

influential

 It led to Photorealism, where paintings looked like

20TH CENTURY MODERN ART detailed photographs

 Breaking Boundaries

 Art became more nonrepresentational (not meant to

look realistic)

 Use of garish (bold, unnatural) colors in Fauvism

(e.g., Matisse)
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ASAWA KO UWU