UL 79A

Power-Operated Pumps for Gasoline and

Gasoline/Ethanol Blends with Nominal Ethanol
Concentrations up to 85 Percent (E0 – E85)
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 − UL 79A tr1

UL Standard for Safety for Power-Operated Pumps for Gasoline and Gasoline/Ethanol Blends with
Nominal Ethanol Concentrations up to 85 Percent (E0 – E85), UL 79A

First Edition, Dated February 11, 2015

Summary of Topics

This first edition of the Standard for Power-Operated Pumps for Gasoline and Gasoline/Ethanol
Blends with Nominal Ethanol Concentrations up to 85 Percent (E0 – E85), ANSI/UL 79A, covers
electrically-, hydraulically-, or pneumatically-driven power-operated pumps for use with
petroleum products.

The requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated October 17, 2014.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise
without prior permission of UL.

UL provides this Standard ″as is″ without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but
not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any purpose.

In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages,
including loss of profits, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the
inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the
possibility of such damage. In no event shall UL’s liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for
this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim.

Users of the electronic versions of UL’s Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL
harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable
attorney’s fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic
Standard on the purchaser’s computer system.

The requirements in this Standard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, figures,
and/or other elements of the Standard having future effective dates as indicated in the note following the
affected item. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective date
are located after the Standard, and are preceded by a ″SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS″ notice.
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February 11, 2015

1
ANSI/UL 79A-2015
UL 79A

Standard for Power-Operated Pumps for Gasoline and Gasoline/Ethanol

Blends with Nominal Ethanol Concentrations up to 85 Percent (E0 – E85)

Prior to the first edition, the requirements for the products covered by this
standard were included in the Outline of Investigation for Power-Operated Pumps
for Gasoline and Gasoline/Ethanol Blends with Nominal Ethanol Concentrations
up to 85 Percent (E0 - E85), UL 79A.

First Edition

February 11, 2015

This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the First Edition.

The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 79A as an American National Standard

(ANSI) occurred on February 11, 2015. ANSI approval for a standard does not
include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, Title Page, or effective date
information.

Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be

submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal
Request in UL’s On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS)
at http://csds.ul.com.

UL’s Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic
copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of UL’s Standards and all
copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the
sole and exclusive property of UL.

COPYRIGHT © 2015 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.

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FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 3

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.2 Units of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2.3 Undated references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
3 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

CONSTRUCTION

4 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
5 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.1 Metallic materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.2 Nonmetallic materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
5.3 Casting impregnation materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
5.4 Internal parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
5.5 Blending Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
6 Bodies, Covers, and Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
7 Drive-Shaft Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
8 Diaphragms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
9 Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
10 Floats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
11 Air Separators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
12 Strainers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
13 Outlet Pressure Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
14 Pressure Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
15 Mounting and Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
16 Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
17 Piping and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
18 Hose Nozzle Valve, Hose, and Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
19 Conduit Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
20 Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
21 Supply Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
22 Current-Carrying Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
23 Insulating Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
24 Internal Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
24.1 Mechanical protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
24.2 Types of wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
24.3 Splices and connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
25 Separation of Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
26 Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
27 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
27.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
27.2 Grounding identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
28 Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
28.1 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
28.2 Overload protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
28.3 Brushes and brush holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
29 Overload- or Thermal-Protective Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
4 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

30 Switches and Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

31 Spacings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

PROTECTION OF PERSONNEL

32 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
33 Sharp Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
34 Enclosures and Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
35 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
36 Surface Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
37 Locking Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
38 Control Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
39 Secondary Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
39.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
39.2 Protection of wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

PERFORMANCE

40 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
41 Long Term Exposure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
41.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
41.2 Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
41.3 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
41.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
42 High Pressure Leakage Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
43 Endurance Test – Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
44 Hydrostatic Strength Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
45 Retention Test for Screws and Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
46 Deformation Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
47 Leakage of Wire Seal Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
48 Endurance Test for Air Separators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
49 Blocked Outlet Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
50 Pressure Relief Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
51 Float Buoyancy Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
52 Dimensional Stability of Floats Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
53 Weight Change of Floats Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
54 Float Crushing Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
55 10-Day Moist Ammonia-Air Stress Cracking Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
56 Tests on Sealing Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
57 Metallic Coating Thickness Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
58 Starting Current Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
59 Input Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
60 Temperature Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
60.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
60.2 Maximum normal load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
61 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
62 Grounding Continuity Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
63 Rain Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
64 Submersion Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
65 Conductor Secureness Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
66 Insulation Resistance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
67 Leakage Current Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
68 Pneumatic Parts – Pressure Distortion Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 5

69 Pneumatic Parts – Endurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

70 Pneumatic Parts – Impact Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
71 Blending Cycling Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION

72 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

INSTRUCTIONS

73 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

RATING

74 Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

MARKING

75 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
76 Cautionary Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
77 Permanence of Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

SUPPLEMENT SA - Test Fluids

SA.1 Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SA1

6 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

INTRODUCTION

1 Scope

1.1 These requirements cover products described in 1.2 when used with one or more of the fuels
described in 1.3.

1.2 These requirements cover electrically-, hydraulically-, or pneumatically-driven power-operated pumps

for use with petroleum products in the following applications:

a) Self-contained dispensing devices and submerged pumps used in storage tanks that provide
the fuel to remote control dispensing devices. They are intended for operation at discharge
pressures of 50 pounds per square inch (psig) (345 kPa), or the marked maximum discharge
pressure rating, when less, with the ambient and liquid temperature within the range of minus
29°C (minus 20°F) – 52°C (125°F).

b) Dispensing systems to transfer the fuel from a tank or container to a vehicle or another
container. They are intended for operation at the marked maximum discharge pressure, or less,
with the ambient and liquid temperature within the range of minus 29°C (minus 20°F) – 52°C
(125°F).

c) Vapor recovery applications for dispensing devices. They are intended to operate under a
vacuum at the inlet and a maximum discharge pressure of 50 psig (345 kPa), or marked
discharge pressure, whichever is less.

1.3 Pumps covered by these requirements are intended for use with one or more of the following:

a) Gasoline formulated in accordance with the Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-
Ignition Fuel, ASTM D4814;

b) Gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol concentrations up to 25 percent ethanol (E25),

consisting of gasoline formulated in accordance with the Standard Specification for Automotive
Spark-Ignition Fuel, ASTM D4814, when blended with denatured fuel ethanol formulated to be
consistent with the Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with
Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel, ASTM D4806; or

c) Gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol concentrations above 25 percent formulated in

accordance with the Standard Specifications in item (b), or formulated in accordance with the
Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition
Engines, ASTM D5798, as applicable.

1.4 Requirements for the installation and use of these products are included in the Flammable and
Combustible Liquids Code, ANSI/NFPA 30; the Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages
Code, ANSI/NFPA 30A; and the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70.

1.5 These requirements do not cover:

a) Oil burner pumps, which are evaluated under the Standard for Pumps for Oil-Burning
Appliances, UL 343.

b) Pumps for engine-powered automotive equipment.

FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 7

c) Pumps for marine use which are evaluated under the Standard for Mechanically and
Electrically Operated Fuel Pumps for Marine Use, UL 1130.

d) Pumps for use in chemical, petrochemical, or petroleum processing plants; utility power
plants; petroleum production facilities; pipeline pump stations; pipeline or marine terminals; or
bulk plant distribution and related facilities.

e) Pumps used in mobile applications, such as on tank trucks, portable tanks, or portable
containers mounted on vehicles.

f) Pumps rated more than 600 volts.

g) Pump assemblies also provided with a flammable liquid meter or electrically-operated

shutoff valve, which are evaluated in accordance with the Standard for Power-Operated
Dispensing Devices for Gasoline and Gasoline/Ethanol Bends with Nominal Ethanol
Concentrations up to 85 Percent (E0 – E85), UL 87A.

h) Pumps intended for use with diesel fuel, biodiesel fuel, diesel/biodiesel blends, kerosene, or
fuel oil, which are evaluated in accordance with the Standard for Pumps for Diesel Fuel,
Biodiesel Fuel, Diesel/Biodiesel Blends with Nominal Biodiesel Concentrations up to 20 Percent
(B20), Kerosene, and Fuel, Oil, UL 79B.

1.6 The pump assembly may be constructed such that it provides for the installation and use of a
flammable liquid hose and hose nozzle valve.

2 General

2.1 Components

2.1.1 Except as indicated in 2.1.2, a component of a product covered by this standard shall comply with
the requirements for that component.

2.1.2 A component is not required to comply with a specific requirement that:

a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the application of the component in the
product covered by this standard, or

b) Is superseded by a requirement in this standard.

2.1.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions of
use.

2.1.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance

capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain
temperatures not exceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions.
8 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

2.1.5 Electrical components, including motors and wiring, when incorporated by a manufacturer in an
assembly with a pump, and including the means provided in the pump assembly for electrical connections,
shall comply with the requirements for equipment for use in hazardous locations, Class I, Group D,
National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, Articles 500 and 501.

2.2 Units of measurement

2.2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or
approximate information.

2.3 Undated references

2.3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall
be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code our standard.

3 Glossary

3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply.

3.2 BLENDING OPTION – Dispensing devices may be provided with an option that blends two specific
fuels into one fuel to be dispensed. This blending occurs at the dispenser level and can be in two
forms:

a) Fixed blending – Blending at the dispenser level that blends two specific fuels into one fuel
to be dispensed, and that fuel to be dispensed is fixed. For example, fixed blending includes
blend options where gasoline and denatured fuel ethanol can be blended to achieve E85, which
is the actual dispensed fuel.

b) Variable blending – Blending at the dispenser level that blends two specific fuels into the fuel
to be dispensed, but the fuel to be dispensed can be any of a number of previously set points.
For example, variable blending includes blend options where gasoline and E85 can be blended
to achieve E40, E60, and E85 as the actual dispensed fuel.

3.3 GASOLINE/ETHANOL BLENDS – Blended fuel composed of a gasoline component and an

ethanol component. The numerical value corresponding to the ethanol component percentage
determines the blend rating (such as E85 for 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline).

3.4 HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS – Locations in which flammable gases or vapors are or may be
present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixture.

3.5 INTRINSICALLY SAFE CIRCUIT – A circuit incapable of releasing sufficient electrical energy
under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture.
Abnormal conditions include unintentional damage to any part of the equipment or wiring, insulation or
other malfunction of electrical components, application of overvoltage, adjustment and maintenance
operations, and other similar conditions.

3.6 LINE-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT – A circuit involving a potential of not more than 600 volts and having
circuit characteristics in excess of those of a low-voltage circuit.

3.7 LOW-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT – A circuit involving a peak open-circuit potential of not more than 42.2
volts supplied by:

a) A battery;
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 9

b) A Class 2 transformer; or

c) A combination of a transformer and a fixed impedance that, as a unit, complies with the
performance requirements for Class 2 transformers in accordance with the Standard for Low
Voltage Transformers – Part 1: General Requirements, UL 5085-1 and the Standard for Low
Voltage Transformers – Part 3: Class 2 and Class 3 Transformers, UL 5085-3.

A circuit derived from a line-voltage circuit by connecting a resistance in series with the supply
circuit as a means of limiting the voltage and current is not a low-voltage circuit.

3.8 RAINPROOF ENCLOSURE – An enclosure that prevents the entrance of a beating rain to the
extent that there is no wetting of electrical parts and no water enters a compartment housing field
installed wiring.

3.9 SEALS, DYNAMIC – A seal that is subject to mechanical movement or other applied forces that
result in movement or flexing of the seal under normal use conditions.

3.10 SEALS, STATIC – A seal that is not subject to mechanical movement or other applied forces
other than compression forces that are applied during installation and maintained during normal use
conditions.

CONSTRUCTION

4 Assembly

4.1 The construction of a pump shall be such that parts can be assembled in the intended manner after
being dismantled to the extent needed for replacement of parts or for other maintenance or servicing.

4.2 When a pump requires the use of special pipe flanges, gaskets, bolts, or other special fittings or parts
for making connections, such parts shall be furnished as part of the pump assembly.

4.3 A product shall be formed and assembled so that it has the strength and rigidity required to resist the
abuses to which it is subjected without resulting in the risk of fire, electric shock, or injury to persons due
to total or partial collapse with:

a) Resulting reduction of spacings;

b) Loosening or displacement of parts; or

c) Other defects.

4.4 A pump-motor assembly to be shipped from the manufacturer disassembled shall be provided with
the marking described in 75.9.
10 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

5 Materials

5.1 Metallic materials

5.1.1 General

5.1.1.1 A metallic part, in contact with the fuels anticipated by these requirements, shall be resistant to
the action of the fuel if degradation of the material will result in leakage of the fuel or if it will impair the
function of the device. For all fuel ratings, see Corrosion due to fluid, 5.1.2.1. For products rated for
gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol concentrations greater than 25 percent, see Metallic
materials – system level, 5.1.3.

5.1.1.2 The exposed surfaces of metallic parts shall be resistant to atmospheric corrosion if this corrosion
will lead to leakage of the fluid or if it will impair the function of the device. The material shall comply with
the requirements in Atmospheric corrosion, 5.1.2.2.

5.1.1.3 Metallic parts in contact with the fuels anticipated by these requirements shall not be constructed
of lead, or materials that are substantially lead. In addition, no coating or plating containing lead shall be
used, such as terne-plated steel.

5.1.2 Metallic materials – material level

5.1.2.1 Corrosion due to fluid

5.1.2.1.1 All metallic materials used for fluid confining parts shall be resistant to corrosion caused by the
fuels anticipated by these requirements. In addition, metallic materials, used internally in fluid confining
parts, that are required to operate in some manner to address safety, shall be resistant to corrosion
caused by these fuels. This requirement also applies to all tubing, piping, or other interconnection means
between components. Compliance is verified by the Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41.

5.1.2.1.2 A coating or plating, applied to a base metal, shall be resistant to the action of the fuels
anticipated by these requirements as determined by the Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41.

5.1.2.2 Atmospheric corrosion

5.1.2.2.1 Metallic materials used for fluid confining parts shall be resistant to atmospheric corrosion. In
addition, metallic materials that are required to operate to address safety shall be resistant to atmospheric
corrosion. Ferrous materials of the thickness specified in the following items are acceptable for the
preceding when uncoated:

a) A casting having a wall thickness of not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) if shown by production
test to be free of leakage;

b) Standard pipe and fittings conforming to the Standard for Welded and Seamless Wrought
Steel Pipe, ANSI/ASME B36.10M; and

c) Fabricated sheet steel parts having a minimum wall thickness of 0.093 inch (2.36 mm).
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 11

5.1.2.2.2 A protective coating shall provide resistance against atmospheric corrosion to a degree not less
than that provided by the protective coatings specified in 5.1.2.2.3.

5.1.2.2.3 Cadmium plating shall not be less than 0.0003 inch (0.008 mm) thick, and zinc plating shall not
be less than 0.0005 inch (0.013 mm) thick, except on parts where threads constitute the major portion of
the area in which case the cadmium or zinc plating shall not be less than 0.00015 inch (0.0038 mm) thick.
Metallic parts are considered to comply with 5.1.2.2.1 when they are protected against atmospheric
corrosion by:

a) Hot dipped, mill galvanized sheet steel complying with the coating designation G90 in Table
I of the Specification for Sheet Steel, Zinc Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron-Alloy Coated
(Galvannealed) by the Hot Dip Process, ASTM A653/A653M; or

b) Coatings which have been determined to be equivalent to G90 under the requirements of
the Standard or Organic Coatings for Steel Enclosures for Outdoor Use Electrical Equipment,
UL 1332.

5.1.2.2.4 A metallic material other than as described in 5.1.2.2.1– 5.1.2.2.3 shall be painted or protected
in a manner that has been determined to be equivalent.

5.1.3 Metallic materials – system level

5.1.3.1 Combinations of metallic materials in products rated for use with gasoline/ethanol blends with
nominal ethanol concentrations greater than 25 percent shall be chosen to reduce degradation due to
galvanic corrosion in accordance with 5.1.3.2 – 5.1.3.4.

5.1.3.2 Table 5.1 shows the galvanic series for metallic materials exposed to a conductive solution of sea
water. The most active material in a given combination will experience increased levels of corrosion, while
the most passive material in the combination will experience reduced levels of corrosion. The greater the
separation of the materials in the galvanic series of Table 5.1, the more pronounced the effects would be.
Table 5.1 serves as a guide in selecting the appropriate test conditions based on manufacturers specified
material combinations.

Table 5.1
Galvanic series of metal materials

Most passive Platinum

Gold
Graphite
Silver
Stainless Steel Type 316 (Passive)
Stainless Steel Type 304 (Passive)
Titanium
13% Chromium Stainless Steel (Passive)
76 Ni – 16 Cr – 7 Fe Alloy (Passive)
Nickel (Passive)
Silver Solder
M-Bronze
G-Bronze
70:30 Cupro Nickel
Silicon Bronze
Copper

Table 5.1 Continued on Next Page

12 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

Table 5.1 Continued

Red Brass
Aluminum Brass
Admiralty Brass
Yellow Brass
60 Ni – 30 Mo – 6 Fe – 1 Mn
76 Ni – 16 Cr – 7 Fe Alloy (Active)
Nickel (Active)
Manganese Bronze
Tin
Stainless Steel Type 316 (Active)
Stainless Steel Type 304 (Active)
13% Chromium Stainless Steel (Active)
Cast Iron
Wrought Iron
Mild Steel
Aluminum 2024
Cadmium
Alclad
Aluminum 6053
Aluminum 1100
Galvanized Steel
Zinc
Magnesium Alloys
Most active Magnesium
Note – Reprinted with permission from NACE. Based on table titled ″Galvanic Series of Metals Exposed to Seawater″ from
NACE Corrosion Engineer’s Reference Book, Third Edition ©NACE International 2002.

5.1.3.3 Plating, such as nickel plating, can be used to reduce or eliminate dissimilar metal contact areas,
as long as the plating material complies with 5.1.3.2 as the contact metal. If used, the plating shall comply
with the Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41.

5.1.3.4 Gaskets or nonmetallic spacers used to reduce or eliminate dissimilar metal contact areas, where
permitted, shall be subjected to the applicable requirements for static seals in Nonmetallic materials, 5.2,
when they are in contact with the fluid.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 13

5.2 Nonmetallic materials

5.2.1 General

5.2.1.1 A nonmetallic part in contact with the fuels anticipated by these requirements, shall be resistant
to the action of the fuel if degradation of the material will result in leakage of the fuel, or if it will impair the
function of the device.

5.2.1.2 Gaskets and seals shall be designated as dynamic and/or static seals. See 3.9 and 3.10
respectively. If the type of seal cannot be determined, then the material shall be treated as both a static
and a dynamic seal.

5.2.1.3 Gaskets and seals shall comply with the requirements as outlined in Nonmetallic materials –
material level, 5.2.2, and Nonmetallic materials – system level, 5.2.3.

5.2.1.4 Nonmetallic materials in contact with the fuels anticipated by these requirements shall not be
constructed of the following:

a) Polysulfide rubber;

b) Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber;

c) Methyl-Methacrylate;

d) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC);

e) Nylon 6/6; or

f) Polyurethane.

5.2.1.5 The reliability of a nonmetallic, pneumatic pressure confining part shall be determined for each
application. Among the factors to be taken into consideration with the reliability of a nonmetallic material
are:

a) Mechanical strength;

b) Resistance to impact;

c) Resistance to distortion and creeping at temperature and pressures to which the material is
subjected under conditions of intended use; and

d) Dimensional stability.

Compliance with this requirement is determined by the tests of Sections 52, 68, 69, and 70.
14 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

5.2.2 Nonmetallic materials – material level

5.2.2.1 Static seals

5.2.2.1.1 Static seals shall be evaluated in accordance with the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157,
modified as indicated in 5.2.2.1.2 – 5.2.2.1.4. If a specific material complies with these requirements, the
material can be considered to be qualified for system testing.

5.2.2.1.2 A static seal shall be constructed of a material that is acceptable in accordance with the scope
of the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157.

5.2.2.1.3 Static seals shall be subjected to the Volume Change and Extraction Test in accordance with
the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157, except for the following modifications:

a) The test duration shall be 1000 hours;

b) The applicable test fluids shall be as described in Supplement SA; and

c) For all materials, the average volume change shall not exceed 40% swell (increase in
volume) or 1% shrinkage (decrease in volume). In addition, the weight loss shall not exceed
10%. For coated fabrics, alternate limits can be used with the average volume change not
exceeding 60% swell or 5% shrinkage, and the weight loss shall not exceed 20%. There shall
be no visual evidence of cracking or other degradation as a result of the exposure for any
material including coated fabrics.

5.2.2.1.4 Static seals shall be subjected to the Compression Set Test in accordance with the Standard
for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157, except for the following modifications:

a) The test durations shall be 1000 hours;

b) The samples shall be immersed, at room temperature, in the test fluids (see item c) while
compressed for the entire test duration. No oven conditioning is required.

c) The applicable test fluids shall be as described in Supplement SA.

d) The recovery period shall consist of removing the sample from the compression device and
immersing it in the applicable test fluid for 30 minutes at room temperature. The sample shall
not be allowed to dry out due to exposure to air. The 30 minute immersion should use the same
fluid as the test fluid for each sample.

e) For all materials, the average compression set is calculated and shall not exceed 35
percent. For coated fabrics, alternate limits can be used with the average compression set not
exceeding 70%.

Exception: This requirement does not apply to composite gasket materials as defined in accordance with
the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 15

5.2.2.2 Dynamic seals

5.2.2.2.1 Dynamic seals shall be evaluated in accordance with the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL
157, modified as indicated in 5.2.2.2.2 – 5.2.2.2.4. If a specific material complies with these requirements,
the material can be considered to be qualified for system testing.

5.2.2.2.2 A dynamic seal shall be constructed of a material that is acceptable in accordance with the
scope of the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157.

5.2.2.2.3 Dynamic seals shall be subjected to the Volume Change and Extraction Test in accordance with
the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157, except for the following modifications:

a) The test duration shall be 1000 hours;

b) The applicable test fluids shall be as described in Supplement SA; and

c) For all materials, the average volume change shall not exceed 40% swell (increase in
volume) or 1% shrinkage (decrease in volume). In addition, the weight loss shall not exceed
10%. For coated fabrics, alternate limits can be used with the average volume change not
exceeding 60% swell or 5% shrinkage, and the weight loss shall not exceed 20%. There shall
be no visual evidence of cracking or other degradation as a result of the exposure for any
material including coated fabrics.

5.2.2.2.4 Dynamic seals shall be subjected to the Tensile Strength and Elongation Test in accordance
with the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157, except for the following modifications:

a) The test duration shall be 1000 hours;

b) The applicable test fluids shall be as described in Supplement SA; and

c) For all materials, the average tensile strength and the average elongation of materials shall
not be less than 60% of the as-received values. For coated fabrics, alternate limits can be used
with the average tensile strength and the average elongation not less than 30% of the
as-received values.
16 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

5.2.3 Nonmetallic materials – system level

5.2.3.1 For all materials, gaskets and seals that have been shown to comply with the applicable
requirements for static seals in the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157, or with the requirements
under material level tests shall be subjected to the system level tests for the applicable component after
the Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41. Static seals shall be provided in accordance with 41.2.5.

5.3 Casting impregnation materials

5.3.1 Material level

5.3.1.1 Casting impregnation materials shall be evaluated at the material level in accordance with the
requirements in the Standard for Dispensing Devices for Gasoline and Gasoline/Ethanol Blends with
Nominal Ethanol Concentrations up to 85 Percent (E0 – E85), UL 87A.

5.3.2 System level

5.3.2.1 The casting impregnation material, applied as intended to a casting, shall comply with the Long
Term Exposure Test, Section 41. The casting shall not show indications of porosity leakage at any point
during or after this test.

5.4 Internal parts

5.4.1 Nonmetallic parts located internally to a fluid confining part, degradation of which would not directly
result in leakage, is not required to comply with Nonmetallic materials, 5.2. The part shall be tested in
accordance with 5.4.2.

5.4.2 Internal nonmetallic parts shall be tested during the Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41. During
this test, the part shall not degrade to the extent that visible particles can be observed in the fluid.

5.5 Blending Options

5.5.1 Pumps intended for use with dispensing equipment that provides for a variable blending option, at
gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol concentrations above 25 percent, shall be subjected to the
Blending Cycling Test, Section 71.

5.5.2 Pumps intended for use with dispensing equipment that provides for a fixed blending option, at
gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol concentrations above 25 percent, shall be evaluated in
accordance with (a) or (b):

a) If intended to be located after the blending option, such that the pump is only subjected to
the final blended fuel, then the Blending Cycling Test is not required.

b) If intended to be located at or before the blending option such that it is subjected to different
gasoline/ethanol blend levels, the pump shall be subjected to the Blending Cycling Test, Section
71.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 17

5.5.3 Pumps intended for use with dispensing equipment that provides for a variable or fixed blending of
gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol concentrations below 25 percent are considered acceptable
without further evaluation for the blending option.

6 Bodies, Covers, and Heads

6.1 A pump body assembly shall withstand the Deformation Test, High Pressure Leakage Test, and
Hydrostatic Strength Test requirements specified in Sections 46, 42, and 44, respectively. These
requirements do not apply to body sections of submersible type pumps intended to be immersed in the
liquid.

6.2 Plugs and other parts, other than cap screws and bolts threaded into noncorrosion-resistant ferrous
parts of the pump, shall be of corrosion-resistant metal or provided with a protective coating when they
are required to be removed for adjustment, repair, or other care of the pump.

6.3 A plug, cap, or other part threaded into or on the pump body shall engage with at least four full
threads.

6.4 A bolt or a screw hole shall not extend through the outer walls of a pump body into a liquid-handling
section.

7 Drive-Shaft Seals

7.1 A stuffing box or a seal shall comply with the requirements specified in the Endurance Test – Pumps,
Section 43.

7.2 An adjustable stuffing box, when guarded or not accessible, or when clearly visible to the operator,
shall be provided with a spring-loaded follower gland or the equivalent.

7.3 An automatic spring take-up for a gland shall employ a spring made of corrosion resistant material or
coated to retard corrosion.

7.4 The physical characteristics of a take-up spring shall be such that it advances the gland through not
less than one-half its possible travel from its initial setting with the spring compressed.

7.5 The stuffing-box recess shall be such that packing material does not come into contact with screw
threads.
18 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

8 Diaphragms

8.1 A metal part coming in contact with a diaphragm shall have no sharp edges, burrs, projections, and
surfaces that are capable of chafing or abrading the diaphragm.

8.2 A pump, in which a flexible diaphragm, bellows, or similar construction constitutes the only fluid seal,
shall be constructed such that the atmospheric side of the diaphragm or bellows is enclosed in a casing
construction to reduce external leakage in the event of a diaphragm or bellows rupture, or shall have
provisions for connection of a vent pipe or tubing intended to be routed to the outdoors or other location
determined to be equivalent. See 75.8.

9 Springs

9.1 An operating spring shall be guided and arranged to reduce binding, buckling, or other interference
with its free movement. When required, ends of a spring shall be closed and squared.

9.2 A spring employed in a pump to reduce the risk of leakage, shall:

a) Be protected against abrasion and corrosion and

b) Demonstrate no loss in strength after being subjected to a compression force of three times
that exerted by the spring in any position of its intended function.

9.3 In reference to 9.2(a), springs that are exposed to the fuels anticipated by these requirements shall
comply with the applicable material requirements from Materials, Section 5. Springs not exposed to fuels,
but exposed to the environment, shall comply with the atmospheric corrosion requirements in 5.1.2.2.

10 Floats

10.1 A float constructed to actuate a mechanism shall have a buoyancy not less than 50 percent greater
than that required to operate the mechanism. See the Float Buoyancy Test, Section 51.

10.2 A hollow float shall withstand an external crushing pressure of not less than 35 psig (240 kPa). See
the Float Crushing Test, Section 54.

10.3 A cork float shall be provided with a coating that is resistant to the action of the liquid with which it
is in contact. Compliance of the coating is verified by the Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41.

10.4 A float shall be secured to its corresponding lever, rod, or other part of the mechanism by a method
that prevents the float from becoming detached under its intended conditions of operation.

10.5 A float constructed of nonmetallic materials shall comply with the requirements of the

a) Float Buoyancy Test, Section 51;

b) Dimensional Stability of Floats Test, Section 52; and

c) Weight Change of Floats Test, Section 53.

FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 19

11 Air Separators

11.1 Air separators that are provided as an integral part of a pump assembly shall be provided with floats
that comply with the requirements of Floats, Section 10.

11.2 The valve mechanism operated by the float shall be subjected to the Endurance Test for Air
Separators, Section 48. When the valve mechanism closes a vent to atmosphere, it shall also be
subjected to the High Pressure Leakage Test, Section 42.

12 Strainers

12.1 A strainer integral with or provided as part of a pump assembly shall comply with the applicable
requirements in the Standard for Strainers for Gasoline and Gasoline/Ethanol Blends with Nominal
Ethanol Concentrations up to 85 Percent (E0 – E85), UL 331A. The additional requirements of 12.2 – 12.6
apply.

12.2 A strainer shall enable the removal of foreign matter (sediment or dirt) without depositing the foreign
matter in the outlet side of the strainer when the screen or filter element is removed for cleaning.

12.3 A strainer shall be installed and located so that removal and replacement of the strainer element is
accomplished without breaking liquid lines or disturbing any part of the pump assembly. The location shall
provide for the collection and removal of any spillage.

12.4 When provided, a drain opening shall be closed by a pipe plug not smaller than 1/4 inch pipe size
(ANSI B36.10M). A pet cock or valve shall not be provided for drainage purposes. The materials shall
comply with Materials, Section 5.

12.5 The force necessary to open a strainer shall not permanently distort the assembly or piping to which
the strainer is attached.

12.6 Filter elements do not need to be evaluated for fluid compatibility.

13 Outlet Pressure Regulation

13.1 A pump assembly for use with or in dispensing devices intended to dispense the fuels anticipated
by this standard shall incorporate means for the prevention of or the relief of pressures developed by the
pump in excess of the maximum discharge pressure of 50 psig (345 kPa) or the marked maximum
discharge pressure rating, whichever is less. See Blocked Outlet Test, Section 49.

13.2 To comply with the requirements in 13.1, a pump assembly may be equipped with:

a) A bypass valve connected between the discharge and suction ports;

b) A relief valve arranged to be connected between the discharge side and the supply tank
through a separate return line. When the relief valve is not provided as part of the pump, it shall
be marked as indicated in 75.6;

c) A means to effect an automatic reduction in volumetric capacity upon an increase in

pressure at the outlet; or

d) An energy input incapable, because of power or speed, of developing a discharge pressure

in excess of the maximum discharge pressure.
20 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

13.3 After the valve or other means for pressure regulation has been adjusted in accordance with the
requirements in 13.1, it shall:

a) Be capable of being sealed to discourage tampering;

b) Be located within the pump body and require tools for access; or

c) Be constructed so that the maximum adjustment obtainable does not result in a pressure in
excess of the maximum discharge pressure under maximum output conditions.

14 Pressure Relief

14.1 A pump for use with or in dispensing devices intended to dispense the fuels anticipated by this
standard shall incorporate means for the relief of pressures developed by thermal expansion of the fluid
in excess of the maximum discharge pressure of 50 psig (345 kPa), or in excess of the marked maximum
discharge pressure, whichever is less. Thermal expansion pressure shall anticipate a temperature rise of
28°C (50°F) in an ambient temperature of 24°C (75°F). See the Pressure Relief Test, Section 50.

14.2 To comply with the requirements in 14.1, a pump assembly may be equipped with:

a) A bypass valve connected between the discharge and suction ports and

b) A relief valve arranged to be connected between the discharge side and the supply tank
through a separate return line. When the relief valve is not provided as part of the pump, it shall
be marked as indicated in 75.6.

14.3 After the valve or other means for pressure relief has been adjusted in accordance with the
requirements in 14.1, it shall be:

a) Capable of being sealed to discourage tampering;

b) Located within the pump body and require the use of tools for access;, or

c) Constructed so that the maximum adjustment obtainable does not result in a pressure in
excess of the maximum discharge pressure.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 21

15 Mounting and Base

15.1 A pump shall be provided with supporting and mounting means independent of liquid-handling pipe
connections. A mounting arrangement shall permit anchoring of the pump by bolts or cap screws.

15.2 When a base is furnished as part of a pump assembly, it shall be arranged to permit attachment and
alignment of mounted parts and for anchoring to a mounting surface by cap screws or bolts.

16 Guards

16.1 A gear, belt, pulley, or other rotating part shall be enclosed in a metal guard or the pump assembly
shall be furnished with an enclosure.

17 Piping and Fittings

17.1 Pipe threads shall be in accordance with the Standard for Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.

17.2 Flanges of flange-type pumps shall comply with the appropriate American National Standard for pipe
flanges and flanged fittings covering the material from which they are made, or such flanges and flanged
fittings shall comply with all of the following tests as complete assemblies forming part of the pump:

a) High Pressure Leakage Test, Section 42;

b) Hydrostatic Strength Test, Section 44;

c) Retention Test for Screws and Bolts, Section 45;

d) Deformation Test, Section 46; and

e) 10-Day Moist Ammonia-Air Stress Cracking Test, Section 55.

17.3 An opening threaded for attachment to pipe shall be constructed so that a pipe threaded two threads
beyond standard construction (for the size in question) is capable of being threaded into the opening
without distorting any part of the fitting.

17.4 A male thread for attachment to pipe fittings shall have no shoulder within the distance specified in
Table 17.1, from the beginning of the thread, including any chamfer, nor shall any shoulder prevent an
additional turn being made within this distance as determined by assembling the part into a fitting within
a tolerance of plus or minus one thread.
22 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

Table 17.1
Minimum shoulder distance from beginning of thread

Pipe size, ANSI B36.10M, nominal Shoulder distance,

inches
inches (mm)
1/8 3/8 9.5
1/4, 3/8 9/16 14.3
1/2, 3/4 3/4 19.1
1 15/16 23.8
1-1/4 31/32 24.6
1-1/2 1 25.4
2 1-1/32 26.2
1-1/2 1-33/64 38.5
3 1-37/64 40.1

17.5 A threaded pipe connection shall be made with litharge and glycerine cement, shellac, shellac and
inert powder filler, or a suitable pipe-joint sealing compound that is not alcohol based.

17.6 ASTM Schedule 40 metallic pipe shall be used, and the metallic materials shall comply with
Materials, Section 5. A union, when used, shall be of the ground-joint type or a part that has been
determined to be equivalent.

17.7 Tubing may be used where it is protected by its location in the pump assembly or by its intended
installation location. Tubing and tube fittings shall be metallic, and all metallic materials shall comply with
Materials, Section 5.

17.8 Tubing shall have a minimum wall thickness in accordance with Table 17.2 in any configuration that
is used.

Table 17.2
Wall thickness for tubing

Outside diameter, Minimum wall thickness,

inch (mm) incha (mm)a

1/8 3.17 0.028 0.71

1/4 6.35 0.028 0.71
5/16 7.94 0.028 0.71
3/8 9.53 0.028 0.71
1/2 12.7 0.0315 0.80
a Nominal wall thickness of tubing is required to be greater than the thickness indicated to maintain the minimum wall thickness.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 23

18 Hose Nozzle Valve, Hose, and Coupling

18.1 A pump assembly for use with service-station type hose-nozzle valves may be furnished without a
hose-nozzle valve when the assembly is marked as specified in 75.4. If the hose nozzle valve is provided,
the hose nozzle valve shall be in accordance with the Standard for Hose Nozzle Valves for Gasoline and
Gasoline/Ethanol Blends with Nominal Ethanol Concentrations up to 85 Percent (E0 – E85), UL 2586A.

18.2 When a hose assembly, consisting of hose and couplings, is supplied with the pump assembly, it
shall comply with the Standard for Hose and Hose Assemblies for Dispensing Gasoline and
Gasoline/Ethanol Blends with Nominal Ethanol Concentrations up to 85 Percent (E0 – E85), UL 330A.

19 Conduit Seals

19.1 A factory-installed conduit seal incorporated as part of the product shall comply with the
requirements of the High Pressure Leakage Test, Section 42; the Leakage of Wire Seal Test, Section 47;
and the Hydrostatic Strength Test, Section 44.

19.2 When a conduit seal is incorporated with the product, the wires or conductors shall be securely held
and tightly sealed where they pass into the enclosure. When a sealing compound or cement is used it
shall:

a) Provide a tight fit;

b) Neither soften nor crack under service conditions;

c) Be resistant to the solvent action of the liquids and vapors to which it is capable of being
exposed – see the Tests on Sealing Compounds, Section 56;

d) Be resistant to moisture and aging; and

e) Have a depth equal to the inside diameter of the conduit or 5/8 inch (15.9 mm), whichever
is greater.

19.3 The sealing compound used in a conduit seal shall not flow or creep at the operating temperature
of the device. Sealing compounds that soften with the application of heat shall have a softening point of
not less than 93°C (200°F) when used adjacent to motors having Class A (Class 105) insulation and not
less than 113°C (236°F) when used adjacent to motors having Class B (Class 130) insulation. The
softening point is to be determined in accordance with the Standard Test Method for Softening Point by
Ring-and-Ball Apparatus, ASTM E28.

19.4 When a nipple is used to retain the sealing compound for lead wires, the depth of the seal shall not
be less than the internal diameter of the nipple or 5/8 inch (15.9 mm), whichever is greater. Depending on
the compound, the size of the lead wires, and the construction of the sealing well, a greater depth of
sealing compound shall be used as required to form a tight seal. Means shall be provided in the nipple to
anchor the sealing compound.
24 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

20 Electrical Equipment

20.1 Electrical conduit to be immersed in the liquid to be handled shall be of the rigid, seamless, metallic
type or other material that has been determined to be equivalent.

20.2 Electrical equipment and wiring shall be arranged so that the liquid does not drip or drain on them
during the intended care and usage of the pump assembly.

20.3 Wiring shall be in threaded rigid metal conduit, threaded steel intermediate metal conduit, or Type
MI cable with termination fittings that comply with the requirements for Class I, Group D equipment for use
in hazardous locations specified in the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70. All boxes, fittings, and
joints shall be threaded for connection to conduit or cable terminations in compliance with the
requirements in Class I, Group D equipment for use in hazardous locations. At least five full threads shall
engage in each threaded joint.

Exception: The housing may be considered the electrical enclosure for intrinsically safe circuit wiring.

20.4 One end of a wireway between two parts that are factory-attached to an assembly may be secured
to one of the parts by means of straight threads and, where necessary for security, with a locknut when
the other end of the wireway is secured to the other part by tapered threads.

20.5 A compartment enclosing a switch or other part that is capable of producing arcs shall be sealed
from any adjacent compartment in which field connections are to be made.

20.6 The ends of all conduit lengths, including nipples, shall be chamfered after threading to remove burrs
or sharp edges.

20.7 For a vapor-tight fit, the sheath of shielded or multiconductor cables shall be split to enable the seal
materials to be poured around the individual conductors.

Exception: Shielded or multiconductor cables that are evaluated in accordance with the Leakage of Wire
Seal Test, Section 47, for the cable are not required to be split.

20.8 A terminal box threaded to conduit enclosing wiring sealed against the entry of water, petroleum
products, or vapor shall not be subject to turning or require removal to accommodate replacement or
extraction of parts for maintenance, servicing, or to facilitate the connection of field-installed piping or
conduit.

20.9 Upper ends of conduit subject to immersion or to entry of water, liquids, or vapors shall be sealed
in the area between the conduit inside diameter and the enclosed wiring. Sealing shall be by means of
litharge and glycerine, or with a nonmetallic material which has been successfully evaluated for use in this
application. See Tests on Sealing Compounds, Section 56.

20.10 Threaded joints for conduit shall provide for five full-thread engagement. Threads subject to turning
during installation or use shall be coated with litharge and glycerine. Threads not subject to turning during
installation or use and subject to immersion in the fluids anticipated by these requirements shall be coated
with litharge and glycerine or a suitable pipe-joint sealing compound that is not alcohol based. Threaded
joints in a coupling used to join lengths of conduit immersed in petroleum products shall be prevented from
turning by leak-tight welding or brazing at the conduit and outside surfaces of couplings or by coating all
threads with litharge and glycerine.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 25

20.11 Wiring for motor or other leads subject to accidental immersion in petroleum products shall be of
gasoline-resistant wiring material conforming with the construction, performance, and marking
requirements in the Standard for Thermoset-Insulated Wires and Cables, UL 44, or the Standard for
Thermoplastic-Insulated Wires and Cables, UL 83.

20.12 Grounding of motors and other electrical components and wiring shall be provided in accordance
with the provisions of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70.

20.13 An outlet box or enclosure shall have no unplugged openings other than those to which conduit is
always connected when the pump assembly is installed.

20.14 A pump assembly intended for use with a dispensing device that is to be connected to the branch
circuit shall not be constructed in such a manner that is required that the outlet box of the product be
moved in order to care for the device.

20.15 The size of a junction box in which field installed conductors are to be connected by splicing shall
not be less than that specified in Table 20.1. A conductor passing through the box is counted as one
conductor, and each conductor terminating in the box is also counted as one conductor. A field-furnished
conductor for pump motor circuits shall not be smaller than 14 AWG (2.1 mm2). A field-furnished
conductor for a reset motor, signaling, or other circuit rated less than 5 amperes shall not be smaller than
18 AWG (0.8 mm2) when the wire size is marked on the installation wiring diagram.

20.16 The size of a junction box in which field installed conductors are to be connected to factory installed
terminal strips shall be determined by Table 20.1 as the summation of the volumes required for each field
furnished conductor plus the volume utilized by the factory installed wiring and terminal block.

Table 20.1
Size of junction boxes

Size of conductor, Free space within box for each conductor

Box with hubs, Box without hubs,
AWG (mm2) cubic inches (cm3) cubic inches (cm3)
16 or smaller 1.3 or less 1.3 21.3 1.5 24.6
14 2.1 1.8 29.5 2.0 32.8
12 3.3 2.0 32.8 2.25 36.9
10 5.3 2.2 36.1 2.5 41.0
8 8.4 2.7 44.2 3.0 49.2

20.17 When it is required that supply connections be made directly to a motor, the terminal compartment
on the motor shall comply with the requirements for terminal compartments in the Standard for Rotating
Electrical Machines – General Requirements, UL 1004-1.
26 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

21 Supply Connections

21.1 A permanently-connected product shall have provision for connection to a wiring system in
accordance with the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70.

21.2 A terminal box or compartment in which power-supply connections to a permanently-connected

product are to be made shall be located in such a manner that the connections are readily accessible for
inspection after the product is installed as intended.

21.3 A terminal box or compartment intended for connection of a supply raceway shall be attached to the
product so as to be prevented from turning.

21.4 A permanently-connected product shall be provided with wiring terminals for the connection of
conductors having an ampacity:

a) Not less than 125 percent of the full load motor-current rating of horsepower rated motors;

b) Not less than 100 percent of the ampere ratings of all other loads; or

c) Both (a) and (b); or

the product shall be provided with leads for such connection. See 21.8.

21.5 A field-wiring terminal is a terminal to which a wire is connected in the field, unless the wire, and a
means of making the connection – a pressure terminal connector, soldering lug, soldered loop, crimped
eyelet, or similar parts – to the terminal, are provided as a part of the product.

21.6 Wiring terminals for the supply conductors – See Grounding, Section 27, for termination of the
grounding conductor – shall be provided with a pressure wire connector securely fastened in place – for
example, firmly bolted or held by a screw.

Exception No. 1: A soldering lug may be used.

Exception No. 2: A wire binding screw may be employed at a wiring terminal intended to accommodate
a 10 AWG (5.3 mm2) or smaller conductor when upturned lugs or parts that have been determined to be
equivalent are provided to hold the wire in place.

21.7 A wiring terminal shall be prevented from turning.

21.8 A lead inside an outlet box or wiring compartment shall not be smaller than 18 AWG (0.82 mm2),
and rated for the maximum operating voltage of the pump assembly. The free length of the lead shall be
6 inches (150 mm) or more when the lead is intended for field connection to an external circuit.

Exception No. 1: A lead that is less than 6 inches long complies with the intent of this requirement when
it is evident that the use of a longer lead is capable of resulting in a risk of fire or electric shock.

Exception No. 2: Factory wiring terminating at a terminal strip shall also be minimum 18 AWG (0.82 mm2)
unless arranged or guarded to protect from damage during field wiring.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 27

21.9 A wire-binding screw at a wiring terminal shall not be smaller than No. 10.

Exception No. 1: A No. 8 screw may be used at a terminal when it is intended only for the connection of
a 14 AWG (2.1 mm2) conductor.

Exception No. 2: A No. 6 screw may be used for the connection of a 16 or 18 AWG (1.3 or 0.82 mm2)
conductor. See 21.13.

21.10 The smallest conductor that is specified in the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, for use in
branch-circuit wiring is 14 AWG (2.1 mm2). Therefore, the smallest conductor that is anticipated at a
terminal for connection of a power-supply wire is 14 AWG.

21.11 A wire-binding screw shall thread into metal.

21.12 A terminal plate tapped for a wire-binding screw shall be of metal not less than 0.050 inch (1.27
mm) thick and shall not have less than two full threads in the metal.

Exception No. 1: A terminal plate less than 0.050 inch thick but not less than 0.030 inch (0.76 mm) thick
may be used when the tapped threads result in a secure connection in which the threads do not strip upon
the application of a 20 pound-inch (2.26 N·m) tightening torque.

Exception No. 2: A terminal plate formed from stock not less than 0.050 inch thick may have the metal
extruded at the tapped hole to provide two full threads.

21.13 A terminal plate shall incorporate upturned lugs or a cupped washer, and shall be capable of
retaining a supply connector of the size specified in 21.4 under the head of the screw or washer.

21.14 A permanently-connected product rated 125 volts or less, or 125/250 volts (3-wire) or less, and
employing a single-pole switch or overcurrent-protective device other than an automatic control without a
marked ″off″ position shall have one terminal or lead identified for the connection of the grounded
conductor of the supply circuit. The terminal or lead to be connected to the grounded supply conductor
shall be the one to which no switch or overcurrent-protective device of the single-pole type, other than an
automatic control without a marked ″off″ position, is connected.

21.15 A terminal intended for the connection of a grounded supply conductor (neutral) shall be of or
plated with metal that is substantially white in color and shall be readily distinguishable from the other
terminals; or proper identification of that terminal shall be clearly shown in some other manner, such as
on an attached wiring diagram.

21.16 Conductors intended for field connection to a grounded supply conductor shall be identified
(finished a white or gray color) or the intended wiring connections shall be clearly indicated in some other
manner, such as on an attached wiring diagram. All other current-carrying conductors shall be finished in
colors other than white, gray, or green with or without one or more yellow stripes.

21.17 Conductors intended for field connection to a 120-volt branch circuit protective device shall be
provided and arranged such that an individual grounded supply conductor is provided for each
ungrounded supply conductor.
28 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

21.18 Supply leads that are subject to handling during installation or routine maintenance of the product
shall be capable of withstanding a pulling force as described in the Conductor Secureness Test, Section
65.

Exception: This requirement does not apply to leads that are integral with components such as motors
where the leads have been subjected to this test during the investigation of the component.

22 Current-Carrying Parts

22.1 A current-carrying part shall be made of silver, copper, a copper alloy, or other similar metal.

22.2 Iron or steel shall not be used as a current-carrying part.

Exception No. 1: Iron or steel provided with a corrosion-resistant coating may be used for a
current-carrying part:

a) When it complies with the requirements of Atmospheric corrosion, 5.1.2.2 or

b) Within a motor or associated governor.

Exception No. 2: The requirement does not apply to stainless steel.

23 Insulating Material

23.1 A material that is used for the direct support of an uninsulated live part shall comply with the Relative
Thermal Index (RTI), Hot Wire Ignition (HWI), High-Current Arc Resistance (HAI), and Comparative
Tracking Index (CTI) values indicated in Table 23.1. A material is in direct support of an uninsulated live
part when it is in direct physical contact with the uninsulated live part, or when it serves to physically
support or maintain the relative position of the uninsulated live part.

Exception: A generic material provided in the thickness indicated in Table 23.2 complies with 23.1
without additional evaluation.

Table 23.1
Minimum material characteristics for the direct support of uninsulated live parts

Flame class RTI Electrical Maximum performance level category (PLC)

HWIb,c HAId,e CTIf,g,h
HB a 2 1 3
V-2, VTM-2 a 2 2 3
V-1, VTM-1 a 3 2 3
V-O, VTM-0 a 4 3 3
Relative Thermal Index (RTI)
a The electrical Relative Thermal Index (RTI) value of a material is to be determined in accordance with the Standard for

Polymeric Materials – Long Term Property Evaluations, UL 746B, by test or by use of the generic RTI table. This material
characteristic is dependent upon the minimum thickness at which the material is being used. The RTI shall not be exceeded
during the Temperature Test, Section 60.

Table 23.1 Continued on Next Page

FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 29

Table 23.1 Continued

Flame class RTI Electrical Maximum performance level category (PLC)

HWIb,c HAId,e CTIf,g,h
Hot Wire Ignition (HWI)
b The Hot Wire Ignition (HWI) value of a material is to be determined by test in accordance with the Standard for Polymeric

Materials – Short Term Property Evaluations, UL 746A. This material characteristic is dependent upon the minimum thickness
at which the material is being used. When the thickness of an insulating material is less than the minimum specified thickness
corresponding to a HWI value, the material is evaluated as in footnote c.
c A material without an HWI Performance Level Category (PLC) value or with a HWI PLC value greater (worse) than the value

required by Table 23.1 shall be subjected to the end-product Abnormal Overload Test or the Glow Wire End-Product Test
specified in the Standard for Polymeric Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations, UL 746C.
High Current Arc Resistance to Ignition (HAI)
d The HAI value of a material is to be determined by test in accordance with the Standard for Polymeric Materials – Short Term

Property Evaluations, UL 746A. This material characteristic is dependent upon the minimum thickness at which the material is
being used. When the thickness of an insulating material is less than the minimum specified thickness corresponding to a HAI
value, the material is evaluated as in footnote e.
e A material without an HAI PLC value or with an HAI PLC value greater (worse) than the value required by Table 23.1 shall be

subjected to the end-product Arc Resistance Test specified in the Standard for Polymeric Materials – Use in Electrical
Equipment Evaluations, UL 746C.
Comparative Tracking Index (CTI)
f The Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) PLC value of a material is to be determined by test in accordance with the Standard for

Polymeric Materials – Short Term Property Evaluations, UL 746A. This material characteristic is not dependent upon the
minimum thickness at which the material is being used. When the thickness of an insulating material is less than the minimum
specified thickness corresponding to a CTI value, the material is evaluated as having the same CTI value found for the greater
thickness. The CTI value applies to insulating materials used in pollution degree 3 environments for voltages of 600 V or less.
For equipment where pollution degree 1 or 2 is maintained, an insulating material shall have a CTI PLC of 4 or less. For
equipment rated 601 – 1500 volts, see footnote h.
g A material without a CTI PLC value or with a CTI PLC value greater (worse) than the value required by Table 23.1 shall have

a proof tracking index of 175 when used in pollution degree 3 environment or a proof tracking index of 100 when used in
pollution degree 1 or 2 environment as determined by the end-product Proof Tracking Test specified in the Standard for
Polymeric Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations, UL 746C.
h For equipment rated 601 – 1500 volts, the insulating material shall not track beyond one inch in less than 60 minutes using

the time to track method of the Inclined Plane Tracking Test specified in the Standard for Polymeric Materials – Short Term
Property Evaluations, UL 746A. The voltage for the Inclined Plane Tracking Test shall not be less than the rated voltage of the
equipment.

Table 23.2
Generic materials for direct support of uninsulated live parts

Generic material Thickness, RTI, °C

inch (mm)
Diallyl phthalate 0.028 0.71 105
Epoxy 0.028 0.71 105
Melamine 0.028 0.71 130
Melamine-phenolic 0.028 0.71 130
Phenolic 0.028 0.71 150
Unfilled nylon 0.028 0.71 105
Unfilled polycarbonate 0.028 0.71 105
Urea formaldehyde 0.028 0.71 100
Ceramic, porcelain, and slate No limit No limit
Berylium oxide No limit No limit
NOTE – Each material shall be used within its minimum thickness and its Relative Thermal Index (RTI) value shall not be
exceeded during the Temperature Test, Section 60.
30 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

23.2 Vulcanized fiber is capable of being used for insulating bushings, washers, separators, and barriers.
However, vulcanized fiber shall not be used as the sole support for uninsulated live parts where shrinkage,
current leakage, or warping results in a risk of fire or electric shock.

23.3 Insulating material, including barriers between parts of opposite polarity and material that is capable
of being subjected to the influence of the arc formed by the operating of a switch, shall be investigated for
use in this application.

23.4 A printed-wiring board for which loosening of the bond between the conductor and base material
results in contact between uninsulated primary circuit parts shall comply with the applicable requirements
in the Standard for Printed-Wiring Boards, UL 796.

24 Internal Wiring

24.1 Mechanical protection

24.1.1 Wiring and connections between parts of a product shall be protected or enclosed.

24.1.2 Wires within an enclosure, a compartment, a raceway, or a similar device shall be routed or
otherwise protected so that damage to conductor insulation does not result from contact with any rough,
sharp, or moving part.

24.1.3 A hole through which insulated wires pass in a sheet-metal wall within the overall enclosure shall
be provided with a smooth, rounded bushing or shall have smooth, rounded surfaces to prevent abrasion
of the insulation.

24.1.4 Insulated wires may be bunched and passed through a single opening in a metal wall within the
enclosure of a product.

24.2 Types of wire

24.2.1 Except for intrinsically safe circuits rated not more than 30 volts AC (42.4 volts peak), internal
wiring shall consist of wires of a type or types that are rated for the application when evaluated with
respect to the temperature, ampacity, and voltage to which the wiring is subjected and with respect to
exposure to oil, grease, or other conditions of service to which it is subjected.

24.2.2 Thermoplastic-insulated wire employed for internal wiring shall be standard building wire or
appliance wiring material that has been evaluated for the purpose.

24.2.3 Gasoline-resistant wire may be exposed to gasoline vapor (not liquid gasoline) at temperatures
within the limits of the temperature rating of the wire type.

24.2.4 A conductor having solid neoprene insulation or other material that has been determined to have
equivalent resistance to gasoline vapor may be used for internal wiring and as leads for components, such
as motors, ballasts, solenoid valves, or similar items, when it has a temperature rating consistent with its
use.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 31

24.2.5 Regarding the requirements specified in 24.2.4, appliance wiring material having 90°C (194°F)
solid neoprene insulation may be used for internal wiring not exposed to fluid when the insulation is at
least 3/64 inch (1.2 mm) thick for 12 and 14 AWG (3.3 and 2.1 mm2) sizes and at least 1/32 inch (0.82
mm) thick for 16 and 18 AWG (1.3 and 0.82 mm2) sizes. A braid covering is not required to be provided.
Wire having 1/32 inch thick insulation shall not be used in discharge devices rated in excess of 300 volts.

24.2.6 When wiring is not routed near heat-producing components such as resistors, coils ballasts, or
similar items, the wire size shall be as specified in Table 24.1. Wiring is applicable to both component
leads and other wiring.

Exception No. 1: Leads furnished with a Class I, Group D motor are not required to comply with the
requirements of Table 24.1.

Exception No. 2: Wiring may be:

a) Routed near heat-producing components or

b) Smaller than the sizes specified in Table 24.1.

when it complies with the requirements of the Temperature Test, Section 60.

Table 24.1
Wire size for circuit requirements

Wire size Circuits not employing Circuits for motors,

motors,
AWG (mm2) amperes amperes
18 0.82 6 4.8
16 1.3 8 6.5
14 2.1 15 12.0
12 3.3 20 16.0

24.3 Splices and connections

24.3.1 Splices in wiring shall be located only in junction boxes or areas that have been determined to be
equivalent.

24.3.2 Each splice and connection shall be mechanically secure and shall provide reliable electrical
contact. A soldered connection shall be mechanically secured before being soldered when breaking or
loosening of the connection is capable of resulting in a risk of fire or electric shock.

24.3.3 The requirement in 24.3.2 necessitates the use of a lock washer or other means that has been
determined to be equivalent to reduce the possibility of a wire-binding screw or a nut being loosened.

24.3.4 A splice shall be provided with insulation that has been determined to be equivalent to that of the
wires involved when permanence of spacing between the splice and other metal parts is not maintained.
32 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

24.3.5 Insulated or uninsulated aluminum conductors used as internal wiring, such as for internal
connection between current-carrying parts or as motor windings, shall be terminated by a method that has
been determined to be appropriate for the combination of metals involved at the point of connection.

24.3.6 With reference to the requirements in 24.3.5, a wire-binding screw or a pressure wire connector
used as a terminating device shall be rated for use with aluminum under the conditions involved – for
example, temperature, heat cycling, vibration, and similar conditions.

24.3.7 Insulation consisting of:

a) Two layers of friction tape;

b) Two layers of thermoplastic tape; or

c) One layer of friction tape on top of one layer of rubber tape

may be used on a splice when the voltage involved is less than 250 volts. In determining when splice
insulation consisting of coated-fabric, thermoplastic, or other type of tubing complies with the intent of this
requirement, consideration shall be given to such factors as its dielectric properties, heat- and
moisture-resistant characteristics, and similar features. Thermoplastic tape is not to be wrapped over a
sharp edge.

24.3.8 When stranded internal wire is connected to a wire-binding screw, loose strands of wire shall be
positively prevented from contacting an uninsulated live part that is not always of the same polarity as the
wire and from contacting a dead metal part. This shall be accomplished:

a) By use of a pressure terminal connector, soldering lug, or crimped eyelet;

b) By soldering all strands of the wire together; or

c) By other means that have been determined to be equivalent.

24.3.9 A nominal 0.110 inch (2.8 mm), 0.125 inch (3.2 mm), 0.187 inch (4.75 mm), 0.205 inch (5.2 mm),
or 0.250 inch (6.35 mm) wide quick-connect terminal shall comply with the Standard for Electrical
Quick-Connect Terminals, UL 310. Other sizes shall be investigated with respect to:

a) Crimp pullout;

b) Engagement-disengagement forces of the connector and tab; and

c) Temperature rises.

All tests shall be conducted in accordance with UL 310.

FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 33

25 Separation of Circuits

25.1 Conductors of circuits operating at different potentials shall be reliably separated from each other
unless they are each provided with insulation rated for the highest potential involved.

25.2 An insulated conductor shall be reliably retained so that it is not capable of contacting an uninsulated
live part of a circuit operating at a different potential.

25.3 In a compartment that is intended for the field installation of conductors and that contains provision
for connection of Class 2 or Class 3 circuit conductors and Class 1 (power or lighting) circuit conductors,
as defined in the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, a barrier shall be provided to separate the
conductors of the different circuits, or the arrangement of the compartment shall be such that a minimum
spacing of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) is permanently maintained between the conductors of the different circuits,
including the conductors to be field installed.

26 Capacitors

26.1 A capacitor provided as a part of a capacitor motor and a capacitor connected across the line, such
as a capacitor for radio-interference elimination or power-factor correction, shall be housed within an
enclosure or container that protects the plates against mechanical damage and that prevents the emission
of flame or molten material resulting from malfunction or breakdown of the capacitor. The container shall
be of metal providing strength and protection not less than that of 0.020 inch (0.51 mm) thick uncoated
steel. Sheet metal having a thickness less than 0.026 inch (0.66 mm) shall not be used.

Exception: The individual container of a capacitor that is made of sheet metal less than 0.020 inch thick
or of material other than metal may be used when the capacitor is mounted in an enclosure that houses
other parts of the product and when such housing is evaluated for the enclosure of live parts.

26.2 When a capacitor that is not a part of a capacitor motor or a capacitor-start motor is connected in a
product that is intended to be automatically or remotely controlled so that malfunction or breakdown of the
capacitor is capable of resulting in a risk of fire, electric shock, or injury to persons, thermal or overcurrent
protection shall be provided in the product to reduce the possibility of such a condition occurring.

26.3 A capacitor connected from one side of the line to the enclosure of a product shall have a
capacitance rating of not more than 0.10 microfarad.

26.4 When a product employs a combination consisting of a rectifier and an electrolytic capacitor, a risk
of fire, electric shock, or injury to persons shall not occur when either the rectifier or the capacitor is
short-circuited.

26.5 Under both normal and abnormal conditions of use, a capacitor employing a liquid dielectric medium
more flammable than askarel shall not expel the dielectric medium when tested in accordance with the
applicable performance requirements in this standard.

26.6 When a product is constructed to be controlled by or operated in conjunction with a capacitor or a

capacitor/transformer unit, such a capacitor or unit shall be supplied with the product. See 75.11.
34 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

27 Grounding

27.1 General

27.1.1 A product shall have provision for grounding. This requirement also applies to
pneumatically-powered pump assemblies.

27.1.2 Means shall be provided so that connection to a field-installed equipment grounding conductor is
capable of being made in the same junction box used for field-installed conductors.

27.1.3 Grounding means shall be in accordance with 27.1.4 – 27.1.7. All exposed dead-metal parts and
all dead-metal parts within the enclosure that are exposed to contact during any user servicing operation
and are capable of becoming energized shall be reliably connected to the means for grounding.

27.1.4 The equipment grounding terminal or lead at the point at which the power-supply wiring system is
connected shall be used for grounding.

27.1.5 When a product is provided with means for separate connection to more than one power supply,
each such connection shall be provided with a means for grounding.

27.1.6 A terminal intended solely for the connection of an equipment-grounding conductor shall be
capable of securing a conductor of the size required for the application. A connection device that depends
on solder alone shall not be provided for connecting the equipment-grounding conductor. A push-in,
screwless connector or quick-connect or similar friction fit connector shall not be used for the grounding
terminal intended for the connection of field supply connections.

27.1.7 A wire-binding screw or pressure wire connector intended for the connection of an equipment
grounding conductor shall be located so that it is not capable of being removed during servicing of the
product.

27.1.8 With reference to the requirement in 27.1.3, the following dead-metal parts are not capable of
becoming energized:

a) A small metal part, such as an adhesive-attached foil marking, a screw, a handle, and a
similar item, that is:

1) On the exterior of the enclosure and separated from all electrical components by
grounding metal or

2) Electrically isolated from all electrical components;

b) A panel, cover, or other metal part that is isolated from all electrical components by a barrier
of vulcanized fiber, varnished cloth, phenolic composition, or other moisture-resistant insulating
material not less than 1/32 inch (0.80 mm) thick and securely mounted in place;

Exception: A barrier or liner made from other materials or that is less than 1/32 inch thick may
be used when it complies with the requirements for internal parts in the Standard for Polymeric
Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations, UL 746C.

c) A panel, cover, or other metal part that does not enclose uninsulated live parts and is
electrically isolated from other electrical components; and
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 35

d) Metal parts such as cores and assembly screws of a relay or a solenoid that are positively
separated from wiring and uninsulated live parts.

27.2 Grounding identification

27.2.1 The surface of an insulated lead intended solely for the connection of an equipment-grounding
conductor shall be green with or without one or more yellow stripes, and no other lead shall be so
identified.

27.2.2 A wire-binding screw intended for the connection of an equipment-grounding conductor shall have
a green-colored head that is hexagonal, or slotted, or both. A pressure wire connector intended for
connection of an equipment-grounding conductor shall be plainly identified, such as by being marked “G,″
″GR,″ ″Ground,″ ″Grounding,″ or by a similar designation, or by a marking on a wiring diagram provided
on the product. The grounding symbol illustrated in Figure 27.1 used as an identifying means complies
with the intent of this requirement; however, when used alone, the symbol shall be defined in the
installation instructions provided with the product.

This is generated text for figtxt.

Figure 27.1
Grounding symbol
36 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

28 Motors

28.1 Construction

28.1.1 A motor intended for use in a Division 1 classified area shall comply with the requirements in the
Standard for Electric Motors and Generators for Use in Division 1 Hazardous (Classified) Locations, UL
674. Motors for use in unclassified areas shall comply with the Standard for Rotating Electrical Machines
– General Requirements, UL 1004-1.

28.1.2 A motor shall be successfully evaluated for the application and shall be capable of handling the
maximum normal load of the product as described in 60.2 without creating a risk of fire, electric shock, or
injury to persons.

28.1.3 A motor winding shall resist the absorption of moisture.

28.1.4 With reference to the requirement in 28.1.3, film-coated wire is not required to be additionally
treated to prevent absorption of moisture. However, fiber slot liners, cloth coil wrap, and similar
moisture-absorptive materials shall be provided with impregnation or otherwise treated to prevent
moisture absorption.

28.1.5 Motors for electrically-operated pump assemblies intended to be used outdoors shall comply with
the requirements of the Rain Test, Section 63. Pump assemblies complying with the Rain Test shall be
marked in accordance with 75.7.

28.2 Overload protection

28.2.1 A motor for use in an unclassified area shall be provided with overload protection consisting of one
of the following:

a) Thermal protection complying with the applicable requirements in either the Standard for
Overheating Protection for Motors, UL 2111 or the Standard for Thermally Protected Motors, UL
1004-3.

Exception No. 1: For a product that includes a control as mentioned in 28.2.2, the duration of the
temperature test and the endurance test described in UL 2111 or UL 1004-3, both under
locked-rotor conditions, may be less than that specified; however, it shall not be less than the
period of operation of the product intended by the manufacturer.

Exception No. 2: When the time required to operate a manually-reset protective device through
10 cycles of operation is longer than the time that the product is intended to be operated during
each use, the number of operations of the device for the temperature test under locked-rotor
conditions may be less than 10 cycles; however, it shall not be less than four cycles.

b) Impedance protection complying with the applicable requirements in either the Standard for
Overheating Protection for Motors, UL 2111 or Standard for Impedance Protected Motors, UL
1004-2, when the motor is tested as used in the product under locked-rotor conditions.

c) Other protection that is shown by test to be equivalent to the protection mentioned in (a).
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 37

28.2.2 The control specified in Exception No. 1 to 28.2.1(a) is a control that positively and reliably limits
the length of time the product can be operated – for example, a timer.

28.2.3 For a multispeed motor, the requirement in 28.2.1 applies to all speeds at which the motor is
intended to operate.

28.2.4 When a requirement in this standard refers to the horsepower rating of a motor, and the motor is
not rated in horsepower, the appropriate table of the National Electrical Code (NEC), ANSI/NFPA 70, that
gives the relationships between horsepower and full-load currents for motors shall be used. For a
universal motor, Table 430-248 of the NEC – the table applying to a single-phase, AC motor – shall be
used when the product is marked for use only on alternating current; otherwise, Table 430-247 of the NEC
– the table applying to DC motors – shall be used.

28.2.5 The functioning of a motor-protective device provided as part of a product shall not result in a risk
of fire or injury to persons.

28.2.6 Overload devices employed for running-overload protection, other than those that are inherent in
a motor, shall be located in at least one ungrounded conductor of a single-phase supply system, and in
each ungrounded conductor of a 3-phase supply system.

28.2.7 Fuses employed for motor running-overload protection shall be located in each ungrounded
conductor; and in the case of a 3-phase, 3-wire, AC motor, the fuses shall be located in each of the three
phases.

28.3 Brushes and brush holders

28.3.1 A brush cap shall be recessed, enclosed, or otherwise protected from mechanical damage that
occurs during the intended use of the product.

28.3.2 A brush cap that is accessible to the user without the removal of a guard or enclosure shall be
provided with a positive means that prevents its disengagement from the brush-holder assembly. The use
of screw threads on the brush cap as the only means of securing the brush cap to the brush-holder
assembly is not a positive means.

28.3.3 A brush-holder assembly shall be constructed so that when a brush is worn out – that is, no longer
capable of performing its function – the brush, spring, and other parts of the assembly are retained to the
degree required to reduce the risk of:

a) Accessible dead metal parts becoming energized and

b) Live parts becoming accessible.

38 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

29 Overload- or Thermal-Protective Devices

29.1 An overload- or thermal-protective device shall have a current and voltage rating not less than the
load that it controls.

29.2 When the current rating of a product is more than 40 amperes, and there are subdivided circuits
within the product feeding two or more power-consuming components – motors or motor-control circuits
– connected in parallel with each other across any pair of main-supply terminals or leads, overcurrent
protection shall be provided as a part of the product for the conductors of each terminal circuit.

Exception: Additional overcurrent protection is not required as a part of the product for the conductors of
the following subdivided circuits:

a) For each separate motor circuit supplied by insulated conductors having an ampacity at least
one-third that of the protective device in the branch circuit to which the product shall be
connected.

b) For each separate motor-control circuit supplied by insulated conductors having an ampacity
at least one-fifth that of the protective device in the branch circuit to which the product shall be
connected

29.3 A protective device such as a fuse, the functioning of which requires renewal or replacement, shall
be in a readily accessible location. A protective device shall be wholly inaccessible from outside the
product without opening a door or cover.

Exception: The operating handle of a circuit breaker, the operating button of a manually operable motor
protector, and similar parts may project outside the enclosure.

29.4 A fuseholder shall be constructed and installed so that no uninsulated live part, other than the screw
shell or clips, are exposed to contact by persons removing or replacing fuses. The screw shell of a
plug-type fuseholder shall be connected toward the load.

30 Switches and Controls

30.1 A switch or other control device shall have a current and voltage rating not less than that of the load
that it controls.

30.2 With reference to the requirement in 30.1, the current rating of a switch that controls an inductive
load other than a motor, such as a transformer, shall not be less than twice the rated full-load current of
the transformer, unless the switch has been investigated and found capable of handling the load.

30.3 A line-connected, manually-operated single-pole switch or an overcurrent (overload) protective

device of the single-pole type, other than an automatic control without a marked ″off″ position, shall be
connected to a terminal or lead intended for connection to an ungrounded conductor of the supply circuit.

30.4 A switch or other control shall be guarded or located so that it is not capable of being damaged
during the intended use of the product.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 39

30.5 Variable speed motor drives shall be evaluated in accordance with the requirements of the Standard
for Power Conversion Equipment, UL 508C.

30.6 Variable-speed motor drives that use electronics that are intended to limit the maximum output
pressure of the pump assembly shall be evaluated in accordance with the requirements of the Standard
for Limit Controls, UL 353.

30.7 A failure in the electronics of the motor drive described in 30.6 during its intended operation is
allowed when there is no loss of protective function of limiting the maximum output pressure of the pump.

30.8 A blocked outlet of a pump which does not usually experience such a condition shall be considered
a fault condition when the product is evaluated in accordance with 30.6.

31 Spacings

31.1 All uninsulated live parts connected to circuits of different voltage ratings shall be spaced from each
other as though they were parts of opposite polarity in accordance with the requirements in 31.3 and 31.4,
and shall be evaluated on the basis of the highest voltage involved.

31.2 The spacing between uninsulated live parts of opposite polarity, and between such parts and dead
metal that are capable of being grounded in service is not specified for parts located in low-voltage
circuits.

31.3 The spacing between a field-wiring terminal and any other uninsulated live or dead metal part not of
the same polarity shall not be less than the applicable value specified in Table 31.1. See 21.5 and 31.7.

Table 31.1
Spacings at field-wiring terminals

Potential Minimum spacings, inch (mm)

involved, volts Between wiring terminals, Between terminals and other uninsulated metal parts not always of
through air or over surface the same polaritya
Over surface Through air
250 or less 1/4 6.4 1/4 6.4 1/4 6.4
More than 250 1/2b 12.7b 1/2b 12.7b 3/8 9.5
a Applies to the sum of the spacings involved where an isolated dead part is interposed.
b A spacing of not less than 3/8 inch, through air and over surface, is capable of being used at wiring terminals in a wiring

compartment or terminal box that is integral with a motor.

31.4 Other than at wiring terminals, the spacing between uninsulated live parts of opposite polarity, and
between an uninsulated live part and a dead metal part that is exposed to contact by persons or that is
capable of being grounded shall not be less than the value specified in Table 31.2.

Exception: Spacings may be as specified in 31.10.

40 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

Table 31.2
Spacings at other than field-wiring terminals

Potential Diameter of motor used in product

involved,
volts 7 inches (178 mm) or lessa More than 7 inches (178 mm)a

Over surface, Through air, Over surface, Through air,

inch (mm) inch (mm) inch (mm) inch (mm)

0 – 125 3/32b 2.4b 3/32 2.4 1/4c 6.4c 1/8c 3.2c

126 – 250 3/32 2.4 3/32 2.4 1/4c 6.4c 1/4c 6.4c
251 – 600 1/2c 12.7c 3/8c 9.5c 1/2c 12.7c 3/8c 9.5c
a This is the diameter, measured in the plane of the laminations, of the circle circumscribing the stator frame, excluding lugs,
fins, boxes, and similar items, used solely for motor mounting, cooling, assembly, or connection.
b For a motor rated 1/3 horsepower (250 watt output) or less, these spacings shall not be less than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm).
c Film-coated wire is determined to be an uninsulated live part. However, a spacing of not less than 3/32 inch over surface and
through air between film-coated wire, rigidly supported and held in place on a coil, and a dead metal part complies with the
intent of this requirement.

31.5 When an uninsulated live part is not rigidly fixed in position by means other than friction between
surfaces, or when a movable dead metal part is in proximity to an uninsulated live part, the construction
shall be such that the required minimum spacing is maintained.

31.6 In a product incorporating two or more motors of different sizes, the spacings in the product shall be
evaluated on the basis of the size of the largest motor in the product. See 31.8.

31.7 The spacing requirements in 31.3 – 31.6 do not apply to the inherent spacings of a component of a
product, such as a snap switch; such spacings shall be evaluated on the basis of the requirements for the
component.

31.8 The spacings in a motor shall comply with the spacing requirements in the Standard for Electric
Motors and Generators for Use in Division 1 Hazardous (Classified) Locations, UL 674.

31.9 At terminal screws and studs to which connections are made in the field by means of wire
connectors, eyelets, or similar parts, as described in 21.5, spacings shall not be less than those specified
in Table 31.2 when such connectors, eyelets, or similar parts are in such position that minimum spacings
– opposite polarity and to dead metal – exist.

31.10 When an isolated dead metal part is interposed between or is in close proximity to:

a) Live parts of opposite polarity,

b) A live part and an exposed dead metal part, or

c) A live part and a dead metal part that is capable of being grounded,

the spacing shall not be less than 3/64 inch (1.2 mm) between the isolated dead metal part and any one
of the other parts mentioned in (a) – (c) when the total spacing between the isolated dead metal part and
the two other parts is not less than the value specified in Table 31.2.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 41

31.11 An insulating lining or barrier of vulcanized fiber or similar materials employed where spacing would
otherwise not comply with the requirements of Table 31.2 shall not be less than 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) thick,
and shall be so located or of such material that it is not adversely affected by arcing, except that
vulcanized fiber not less than 1/64 inch (0.4 mm) thick complies with the intent of this requirement when
used in conjunction with an air spacing of not less than 50 percent of the spacing required for air alone.

Exception: Thinner insulating material complies with the intent of this requirement when it complies with
the requirements for internal barriers in the Standard for Polymeric Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment
Evaluations, UL 746C.

PROTECTION OF PERSONNEL

32 General

32.1 When the operation and maintenance of a product involves the risk of injury to persons, protection
shall be provided to reduce the risk.

32.2 When evaluating a product with respect to the requirement in 32.1, consideration shall be given to
reasonably foreseeable misuse of the product.

32.3 The adequacy of a guard, a release, an interlock, and a similar part, and whether such a device is
required, shall be determined from an investigation of the complete product, its operating characteristics,
and the risk of injury to persons resulting from a cause other than gross negligence. The investigation shall
include consideration of the results of breakdown or malfunction of any one component, but not more than
one component at a time, unless one breakdown contributes to another malfunction. When the
investigation shows the breakdown or malfunction of a particular component is capable of resulting in a
risk of injury to persons, that component is to be investigated for its reliability.

32.4 Specific constructions, tests, markings, guards, and similar features are detailed for some common
constructions. Specific features and products not covered herein shall be given consideration. See
Cautionary Markings, Section 75.

33 Sharp Edges

33.1 An enclosure, a frame, a guard, a handle, or a similar part shall not be of such sharpness to
constitute a risk of injury to persons during the intended maintenance and use of the product.
42 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

34 Enclosures and Guards

34.1 A moving part that is capable of causing a risk of injury to persons shall be enclosed, guarded,
located, or otherwise arranged to reduce the risk of unintentional contact, and such a part shall not be
contacted by the probe illustrated in Figure 34.1.

Exception: A part or portion of a part that is exposed to contact in order to perform a specific work
function is not required to be enclosed; however, when required, guarding shall be provided. See 34.3.
This is generated text for figtxt.

Figure 34.1
Accessibility probe for moving parts

34.2 A moving part that is capable of resulting in a risk of injury to persons shall be evaluated with respect
to:

a) The degree of exposure required to perform the intended function;

b) The sharpness of the moving part;

c) The risk of unintentional contact;

d) The speed of the moving part; and

FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 43

e) The risk that a part of the body becomes endangered, or that clothing becomes entangled,
by the moving part.

These factors are to be evaluated with respect to both the intended operation of the product and its
reasonably foreseeable misuse.

34.3 Some guards are required to be of the self-restoring type. Other features of guards that shall be
evaluated include:

a) The amount of effort required to remove the guard without the use of tools;

b) The amount of effort required to remove the guard for servicing;

c) Strength and rigidity;

d) Completeness; and

e) The creation of additional risk of injury to persons such as pinch points, and the necessity
for additional handling because of the increased need for servicing, such as for cleaning,
unjamming, and similar functions.

34.4 An enclosure or guard located over a rotating part shall retain a part that, because of breakage or
other reasons, is capable of loosening or separating from a rotating part. The enclosure or guard shall also
retain a foreign object that is capable of being struck and propelled by the rotating part.

34.5 When complete guarding of a moving part that obviously causes injury to persons defeats the utility
of a product:

a) A control shall be provided and

b) A marking shall be provided in accordance with 76.7.

34.6 During the examination of a product to determine whether it complies with the requirements in 34.1,
a part of the enclosure that is capable of being removed without the use of a tool (to attach an accessory,
to make an operating adjustment, or for other reasons) shall be opened or removed.

Exception: A part is not required to be opened or removed when it is marked in accordance with 76.6.
44 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

35 Materials

35.1 The material of a part, such as an enclosure, a frame, a guard, or similar item, the breakage or
deterioration of which is capable of resulting in a risk of injury to persons, shall have such properties as
to meet the demand of expected loading conditions.

35.2 The requirement in 35.1 applies to those portions of a part that is adjacent to a moving part that has
been determined to involve a risk of injury to persons.

36 Surface Temperatures

36.1 During the Temperature Test described in Section 60, the temperature of a surface that is capable
of being contacted by the user shall not be more than the maximum value specified in Table 36.1.

Exception: The temperature of a pump surface and associated fittings and a motor frame that exceeds
the applicable limit specified in Table 36.1 complies with the intent of the requirement when the product
is marked in accordance with 76.5.

Table 36.1
Maximum surface temperatures

Location Composition of surfacea

Metallic, Nonmetallic,
°C (°F) °C (°F)
A handle or knob that is grasped for 50 122 60 140
lifting, carrying, or holding
A handle or knob that is contacted but 60 140 85 185
does not involve lifting, carrying, or
holding, and other surfaces subject to
contact in operation and user
maintenance
A surface subject to casual contact 70 158 95 203
a A handle, knob, or similar part made of a material other than metal, that is plated or clad with metal that is less than or equal
to 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) thick is determined to be a nonmetallic part.

36.2 All values for temperatures specified in Table 36.1 are based on a 25°C (77°F) ambient temperature.
Tests that are conducted at any ambient temperature within the range of 20 – 30°C (68 – 86°F) comply
with the intent of this requirement.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 45

37 Locking Mechanism

37.1 When a pump assembly has provision for storing a hose-nozzle valve, it shall be provided with
effective means for locking both the motor switch and each hose-nozzle valve. The locking mechanism
shall be constructed so that a simple locking operation for each pump control prevents the motor from
starting and prevents the discharging of even small quantities of gasoline through the pump outlet. When
the locking means is based upon the use of a padlock, the padlock [which has a minimum 1/4 inch (6.4
mm) diameter shackle] is not required to be supplied with the product.

38 Control Application

38.1 When a pump assembly has provision for storing a hose-nozzle valve, the motor shall not be
energized when the nozzle valve is in the stored position and shall not be able to start simultaneously with
the lifting of the hose or its nozzle from its position on the device. A separate intentional manual operation
shall be required for closing the starting switch. The motor circuit shall be opened at the time or before
the hose is returned to its position on the device following operation.

38.2 As a means of complying with 38.1, the motor circuit may be opened by the weight of the hose and
nozzle upon replacement in their intended position. Also, interference devices may be provided to prevent
replacement of the nozzle until the opening of the motor circuit has been accomplished.

38.3 The discharge of liquid shall occur only when:

a) The hose-nozzle valve is manually held in the open position or

b) The hose-nozzle valve is of the automatic-closing type with latch-open device, when the
valve mechanism is latched to maintain the valve in the open position.

The discharge of liquid shall be stopped immediately upon the release of the hand control by the operator
or the functioning of an automatic-closing mechanism.

39 Secondary Circuits

39.1 General

39.1.1 A secondary circuit shall either comply with the requirements in 39.1.2 – 39.2.2, or it shall comply
with the requirements for a primary circuit. Any circuit that is relied upon to reduce the risk of fire, electric
shock, or injury to persons shall comply with the requirements for a primary circuit.

39.1.2 A low-voltage circuit as defined in 3.6 and supplied by a single source consisting of a power
transformer or a power supply that includes an isolating transformer is not required to be investigated.

39.1.3 With reference to 39.1.2, a low-voltage circuit that complies with the applicable requirements for
secondary circuits in the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508, is determined to be in
compliance with the requirement.
46 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

39.1.4 A Class 2 transformer shall comply with the applicable requirements in the Standard for Low
Voltage Transformers – Part 1: General Requirements, UL 5085-1 and the Standard for Low Voltage
Transformers – Part 3: Class 2 and Class 3 Transformers, UL 5085-3.

Exception: The temperature rise measured by the resistance method for coils of a Class 2 transformer
employing Class 105 insulation systems shall not exceed 85°C (153°F) as specified in Table 60.1.

39.1.5 Power distribution components, such as bus bars, wiring, connectors, and similar parts, up to and
including printed-wiring receptacles and connectors, shall comply with the applicable requirements in
Internal Wiring, Section 24. Printed-wiring boards and insulated wires used in such circuits shall be rated
for the application. See 23.4.

39.2 Protection of wiring

39.2.1 With reference to 39.1.5, wiring located in a secondary circuit shall be routed away from the wiring
of other circuits or shall be provided with insulation that is rated for use at the highest voltage of the
circuits involved.

39.2.2 In addition to complying with 39.2.1, wiring that is part of a secondary circuit shall be provided with
strain relief when stresses on the wiring are capable of resulting in the wiring contacting uninsulated live
parts of other circuits.

PERFORMANCE

40 General

40.1 A representative sample of each size and specific design of pump is to be subjected to the tests
described in these requirements. Additional samples of parts constructed of nonmetallic materials are
required for physical and chemical tests.

40.2 All tests shall be performed using the test fluids specified for that test. No substitution of test fluids
is allowed. When the test indicates that CE25a or CE85a are to be used, the test fluid shall be prepared
as described in Supplement SA.

40.3 Water is to be used for developing the required pressure in the hydrostatic pressure test. All
hydrostatic pressures are to be maintained for at least 10 minutes.

40.4 Clean air or nitrogen is to be used for developing the required pressure in a leakage test of vapor
or pneumatic handling parts of a pump. All joints and body surfaces are to be brushed with soap and water
or other leak detection solution and determined to be free of any bubbles.

40.5 The investigation of a pump is to be limited to the intended end-use conditions of speed and
maximum discharge pressure for which it is recommended.

40.6 All tests on electrically-operated pump assemblies are to be conducted with the product connected
to a supply circuit of rated frequency. The voltage and frequency of the supply circuit is to be:

a) 120 volts, 60 hertz for a product rated from 110 volts up to and including 120 volts, 60 hertz;

b) 240 volts, 60 hertz for a product rated from 220 volts up to and including 240 volts, 60 hertz;
or
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 47

c) The maximum rated voltage for a product rated 60 hertz and other than as specified in (a) or
(b).

40.7 A product rated 50/60 hertz is to be tested at the maximum rated voltage for each frequency for the
Input Test. Except for the Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test, Section 61, all other tests shall use the
voltage-frequency rating at which the highest input wattage was measured during the Input Test.

40.8 A product rated DC/50 hertz is to be tested at the maximum rated voltage and at the rated
frequency.

40.9 Material compatibility of a pump assembly shall be tested using the following test sequence. All other
tests can be performed in any order on any samples.

a) Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41;

b) High Pressure Leakage Test, Section 42;

c) Endurance Test – Pumps, Section 43;

d) High Pressure Leakage Test, Section 42;

e) Hydrostatic Strength Test, Section 44.

40.10 To reduce the effects of seal dry out due to removal of the test fluid after specific tests in the test
sequence outlined in 40.9, each subsequent test shall be started within 4 hours of removal of the test fluid
from the previous test. If necessary to coordinate testing, the sample may be left filled with the most recent
test fluid at room temperature until the next test is initiated. If the previous test used water as the test fluid,
the sample shall be filled with kerosene.

41 Long Term Exposure Test

41.1 General

41.1.1 The test outlined in 41.2 – 41.4 is to be performed on one or two samples of the device. If the
product is rated for use with gasoline or a gasoline/ethanol blend with a nominal ethanol concentration of
up to 25 percent (E0 – E25), then the test shall be performed using the CE25a test fluid. If the product is
rated for use with a gasoline/ethanol blend with a nominal ethanol concentration above 25 percent, then
the test shall be performed using both the CE25a and CE85a test fluids. See Supplement SA.
48 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

41.2 Samples

41.2.1 A sample of a complete pump is to be tested. All inlet and outlet openings of the samples shall be
sealed in accordance with 41.2.3.

41.2.2 If a plating or a coating is used internal to the device, additional samples may be used. See 41.4.2.

41.2.3 Closures shall be provided to seal off inlet and outlet openings of all samples in accordance with
41.2.1. These closures shall be fabricated of materials as specified in 41.2.4. The closures shall be
provided with a 1/4 inch NPT opening for connection to the test apparatus. All closures shall be installed
by the manufacturer and provided with a torque rating. There will be no other adjustment to connections
for the duration of the test.

41.2.4 Material combinations at the product and closure interface will be as specified by the
manufacturer. All closures for pumps rated for gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol
concentrations up to 25 percent shall be fabricated of suitable materials. All closures for pumps rated for
gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol concentrations above 25 percent shall be fabricated of the
materials representing permitted material to which the device may be connected; such as steel closures
representing steel pipe. Table 5.1 shall be used to determine the worst case metal interactions from the
group of possible metals as specified by the manufacturer. Materials that are specified by the
manufacturer but are not included in Table 5.1 shall be tested as necessary to represent worst case
conditions.

41.2.5 Any o-rings, gaskets, or other sealing materials, shall be provided and installed by the
manufacturer. The dynamic sealing devices shall be the same as those that will be used in the final
product installation. Static seals shall be representative of the seals being used in the final product
installation. If the sealing device or material is not considered part of the component under test, but will be
provided in an end product at the time of installation, a representative seal shall be provided for the test.

41.2.6 For submersible transfer pumps, the electrical conduit shall be left open to assist in verification that
the test fluid does not enter the electrical portion of the device during the tests.

41.3 Method

41.3.1 The sample is to be exposed to the applicable test fluid in accordance with 41.1.1. The test fluids
shall be prepared using the instructions in Supplement SA.

41.3.2 A quick connect device is connected to the 1/4 inch NPT connection at the inlet, and it is used to
fill the samples with the applicable test fluids. A source of pressure may be used to assist in filling or
draining the samples, however, the pressure shall not exceed the rated pressure of the device under test.
Once the samples are filled to exclude all air, they are closed off and sealed. The samples are then placed
in the test chamber.

41.3.3 The chamber temperature is increased to 60 ± 2°C (140 ± 4°F). When the chamber reaches this
temperature, the exposure period begins. The samples are exposed to the applicable test fluid at 60 ± 2°C
for approximately 168 hours. At the end of this duration, the exposure period is halted and the chamber
is allowed to cool. The samples are then subjected to a 50 psi (347 kPa) pressure for one minute. The
fluid is then drained from the sample, visually observed in accordance with 41.4.2, and then discarded.
The samples are then immediately refilled with new test fluid and the chamber temperature is allowed to
increase to 60 ± 2°C again. The total duration of the test shall equal 2520 hours of exposure at 60 ± 2°C.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 49

41.3.4 At the end of the total exposure duration, the test fluid is left in the samples and the samples are
removed from the test chamber. The samples are then subjected to the appropriate tests as shown in the
test sequence of 40.9 and in accordance with 40.10. Prior to the initiation of the test sequence, the test
fluid is to be drained, visually observed, and discarded.

41.3.5 If the device contains any parts or surfaces that are plated or coated, if the device uses casting
impregnation materials to eliminate porosity leakage, or if the device contains internal nonmetallic parts,
the plating, coating, impregnation material, or internal parts are test both during and after this exposure.
See 41.4.2 and 41.4.4.

41.4 Results

41.4.1 There shall be no leakage during this test. If leakage is observed at any point during this test, the
test is to be stopped.

41.4.2 For a plating or a coating, there shall be no softening of the plating or coating material. Compliance
is checked by observance of the drained test fluid. There shall be no evidence of visible flaking or material
in the fluid. In addition, there shall be no substantial discoloration of the test fluid when observing the
drained fluid. Discoloration is an indication of chemical attack on the plating or coating internal to the
device. In order to determine that the base metal is not exposed, visual inspections shall be made. If the
visual inspection requires examination of internal surfaces, the samples shall be cut open to determine
compliance. If this is necessary, additional samples can be used in accordance with 41.2.2. These
samples should be tested the same as the samples that will be used for the rest of the test sequence,
however cutting them open will not affect the test sequence in 40.9.

41.4.3 For casting impregnation materials, the sample shall not show evidence of porosity leakage during
or after the fluid exposure duration.

41.4.4 For internal nonmetallic parts, there shall be no visible evidence of this material in the drained test
fluid.

41.4.5 For submersible transfer pumps, a dielectric strength test shall also be performed in accordance
with Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test, Section 61.

42 High Pressure Leakage Test

42.1 The liquid confining parts of a pump shall withstand an internal hydrostatic pressure of 1.5 times the
maximum discharge or inlet pressure, but not less than 75 psi (520 kPa) without leakage to the outside,
to air confining parts of the pump, or to wiring compartments, and without evidence of casting porosity.
This test is to be conducted as described in 42.4.

42.2 The air-confining parts of a pneumatically-powered pump shall not leak externally at a rate in excess
of 1.5 feet3 (42,500 cm3) per hour when tested with air or nitrogen at the maximum rated pressure.

42.3 In preparing for this test, the means provided for the prevention of or the relief of pressures as
described in Pressure Relief, Section 14, are to be nullified, and any extractable section of a
submersible-type pump is to be disconnected, withdrawn, and reinserted 10 times. Following the tenth
withdrawal, there shall be no damage to gaskets, seal rings, or other sealing devices or surfaces, as
determined by visual examination.
50 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

42.4 The test pump is to be connected to a source of hydrostatic pressure. A positive shutoff valve and
a pressure indicating device are to be installed in the supply piping. The pressure indicating device is to
be installed in the piping between the shutoff valve and the test pump. The pressure indicating device shall
comply with one of the following.

a) An analog gauge having a pressure range such that the test pressure is between 30 and 70
percent of the maximum scale reading of the gauge;

b) A digital pressure transducer, or other digital gauge, that is calibrated over a range of
pressure that includes the test pressure; or

c) Other device that is equivalent to the devices in (a) or (b).

While the pump is under the applied test pressure, the drive shaft or an operating shaft stuffing box or
seal, and all joints and body casting surfaces are to be examined for evidence of leakage.

42.5 Conduit connections and wiring compartments subject to immersion in or contact with the fuels
anticipated by these requirements, and motors intended to be isolated from such liquids, are to be sealed
to prevent leakage at differential pressures up to the maximum discharge pressure or the pressures
developed at the maximum immersion depth when tested in accordance with 42.8. See Electrical
Equipment, Section 20.

42.6 For pump assemblies subject to pressure, the conditions specified in 42.5 are to be introduced by
applying to the external sections of the conduit, compartment, or motor, for at least 1 minute, an
aerostatics pressure varying from zero up to the value specified.

42.7 For assemblies subject to immersion, the conditions specified in 42.5 comply with the intent of this
requirement when no water has entered the conduit, compartment, or motor at the conclusion of the test
specified in 42.8.

42.8 The complete product is to be mounted in a tank with the conduit connected using a pipe thread
sealing compound. The conduit is to be tightened with the torque specified in Table 46.1. The tank is to
be filled with water so that the highest point on the enclosure is at the maximum rated immersion depth
below the surface of the water or when installed as intended. The enclosure is not required to be
submersed to this depth when an equivalent pressure differential between the interior and the exterior of
the enclosure is maintained for the required period of time. This differential is capable of being achieved
either by reducing the air pressure inside the product or by pressurizing the water surrounding the product.
After 30 minutes, the product is to be removed from the tank, the excess water is to be removed from the
exterior surface of the product, and the product is to be opened.

42.9 A pump that shows evidence of leakage under conditions of a ruptured diaphragm or bellows, from
an untreated vent opening, or around any pins, stems, or linkage passing through the housing in excess
of the following rate does not comply with the intent of the requirements in 8.2 when the pump is tested
to its maximum rated discharge pressure. The leakage rate is one thousand cubic centimeters per hour
of water.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 51

42.10 Valve mechanisms of an air separator that vents to atmosphere shall withstand a hydrostatic
pressure of 75 psig (520 kPa) for one minute without displaying any evidence of leakage within the pump
in which the device is located. Prior to the test, the pump in which the valve mechanism is installed is to
be prepared in the manner described in 42.3 and 42.4.

43 Endurance Test – Pumps

43.1 A sample of a pump assembly previously subjected to the Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41,
shall not leak during or after the test described in 43.2.

43.2 The test is performed using kerosene as the test fluid. The pump is to be operated continuously for
300 hours at the maximum discharge pressure of the pump. The pump shall be observed for indications
of leakage at all joints, or indications of porosity leakage.

44 Hydrostatic Strength Test

44.1 Liquid-handling parts of a pump shall withstand, without rupture or permanent distortion, a
hydrostatic pressure five times the maximum discharge pressure for ten minutes.

44.2 An air separator housing that is vented to atmosphere shall withstand rupture or permanent
distortion a hydrostatic pressure of 100 psig (690 kPa). An air separator housing that is not vented to
atmosphere shall withstand without rupture or distortion a hydrostatic pressure of 250 psig (1720 kPa).

44.3 Pneumatic-handling parts of a pump shall withstand, without rupture, a hydrostatic pressure of five
times the maximum air inlet pressure applied for ten minutes.

44.4 The pump sample is to be connected to a source of hydrostatic pressure. A positive shutoff valve
and a pressure indicating device, are to be installed in the hydrostatic pressure supply piping. The
pressure gauge is to be installed in the piping between the shutoff valve and the pump under test. The
pressure indicating device shall comply with one of the following:

a) An analog gauge having a pressure range such that the test pressure is between 30 and 70
percent of the maximum scale reading of the gauge;

b) A digital pressure transducer, or other digital gauge, that is calibrated over a range of
pressure that includes the test pressure; or

c) Other device that is equivalent to the devices in (a) or (b).

44.5 External leakage observed during this test does not constitute a failure when, following the
hydrostatic test, the pump complies with the requirements specified in the High Pressure Leakage Test,
Section 42.

44.6 A conduit seal in a factory sealed device shall withstand for 10 minutes, without rupture or
permanent distortion, a hydrostatic test pressure of 600 psig (4.148 Mpa). When unintended leakage
results in the inability of the test apparatus to maintain the required test pressure during the test of a seal
for a 2-inch (60.3 mm outside diameter) or larger trade size conduit with wires sealed in place, a device
with a seal and without wires may be used. The hydrostatic pressure is to be gradually increased until the
required internal pressure is reached. Gaskets or other means shall be used when required to prevent
leakage of water during application of pressure.
52 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

45 Retention Test for Screws and Bolts

45.1 Screws or bolts used to attach parts which are detached for maintenance or servicing of the pump
shall perform their intended function upon the application of the torques indicated in Table 45.1 after their
removal and replacement.

Table 45.1
Maximum torque requirements for screws or bolts

American standard screw size, Torque, I.S.O. screw Torque,

size,
No. (mm) lb-in (N·m) mm N·m (lb-in)
– – – – 4 1.6 14
8 4.2 18 2.0 4.5 2.6 23
10 4.8 30 3.4 5 4.2 37

inch (mm)
1/4 6.4 100 11.3 6 8.7 77
– – – – 7 15.0 133
5/16 7.9 200 22.6 8 23.5 208
– – – – 9 33.6 297
3/8 9.5 350 39.6 10 45.2 400
7/16 11.1 575 65.0 12 81.0 715
1/2 12.7 850 96.0 14 128.0 1130
9/16 14.3 1200 136.0 – – –
5/8 15.9 1600 181.0 16 185.0 1640

46 Deformation Test

46.1 Joints in a pump shall not leak, nor shall there be evidence of damage resulting from the turning
effort exerted on pipe-threaded sections that have been tested as described in 46.2 and 46.3.

46.2 The sample pump used in this test is to be rigidly anchored or otherwise supported. A section of
Schedule 80 pipe whose threads have been lubricated with SAE No. 10 machine oil and of sufficient
length for wrench engagement is to be connected to a female pipe-threaded section of the pump. Each
pipe then is to be tightened to the torque specified in Table 46.1.

46.3 After the torque force has been applied to each connected pipe or fitting, the pump is to be subjected
to the High Pressure Leakage Test, Section 42.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 53

Table 46.1
Torque requirements for pipe connections

Pipe size ANSI Outside diameter, Torque,

B36.10M,
nominal inches inches (mm) pound-inches (N·m)

1/8 0.405 10.29 150 17

1/4 0.540 13.72 250 28
3/8 0.675 17.15 450 51
1/2 0.840 21.34 800 90
3/4 1.050 26.67 1000 113
1 1.315 33.40 1200 137
1-1/4 1.660 42.16 1450 164
1-1/2 1.900 48.26 1550 175
2 2.375 60.33 1650 186
2-1/2 2.875 73.03 1750 198
3 3.500 88.90 1800 203
4 4.500 114.30 1900 215

47 Leakage of Wire Seal Test

47.1 A wire seal shall not enable the passage of more than 0.007 cubic foot (200 cc) of air per hour at a
pressure of 6 inches (152 mm) of water.

47.2 The number and sizes of wires that are to be sealed in each wire seal are to be as specified in Table
47.1, or shall be the maximum number and size of wires and wire insulation used in the product. The ends
of the wires may be sealed during the test.

Table 47.1
Internal wiring for wire seals

Conduit trade size of fittings, Size of wires,

inches (mm OD) Number of wires (AWG) (mm2)
1/2 21.3 7 18 0.82
3/4 26.7 10 16 1.3
1 33.4 10 14 2.1
1-1/4 42.4 13 10 5.3
1-1/2 48.3 10 8 8.4
54 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

48 Endurance Test for Air Separators

48.1 The valve mechanism of an air separator constructed as described in 11.2 shall be subjected to
100,000 cycles of operation. At the conclusion of the test, the valve mechanism shall continue to function
as intended by the manufacturer.

49 Blocked Outlet Test

49.1 With an outlet control valve fully closed to direct all of the pump discharge through a bypass or relief
valve or to stop the pumping action by the means provided, the discharge pressure of a power-operated
pump shall not exceed the maximum discharge pressure.

49.2 This test is to be conducted with normal energy supply (rated voltage, or maximum air or liquid inlet
pressure) to the pump using kerosene as the test liquid.

50 Pressure Relief Test

50.1 A pump assembly, when de-energized, shall prevent an increase of pressure in excess of the
maximum discharge pressure as the result of thermal expansion of the liquid remaining in a closed
discharge system.

50.2 Compliance with the requirements in 50.1 shall be demonstrated by test unless the pump unit is
provided with a bypass valve, a fixed bypass opening, or a relief valve as described in 14.2 (a) and (b).
The test is to be conducted with the pump unit de-energized and the inlet connection open to observation.
A short, valved pipe section is to be connected to the pump discharge opening and connected to a liquid
pressure supply. The liquid is to be admitted to the discharge section of the pump until the section has
been pressurized to at least 120 percent of the maximum discharge pressure.

50.3 Immediate evidence of liquid being discharged from the inlet connection, the immediate reduction in
pressure in the discharge pipe connection to the maximum discharge pressure or lower, or both, are
determined to be criteria for compliance with the requirements of this test.

51 Float Buoyancy Test

51.1 During this test, the float is to be removed from the actuating mechanism and the force required to
actuate the mechanism is to be measured by a force gauge.

51.2 Each float shall be attached to a weight equal to 1.5 times the force measured in accordance with
51.1. The float and weight for all three samples are to be placed in the test fluid. The top of the float is not
to be beneath the surface of the test fluid.

51.3 The weight noted in 51.2 is to be equal to 1.23 times the weight when the test fluid is kerosene or
1.47 times the weight when the test fluid is water.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 55

52 Dimensional Stability of Floats Test

52.1 A set of three samples of the float shall be used for this test for each test fluid exposure in
accordance with Supplement SA. Prior to the immersion conditioning described in 52.2, the dimensions
(length and diameter or thickness) of each float are to be determined with appropriate measuring
instruments. Immediately following the immersion conditioning, and after drying in air for 70 ±1.2 hours at
23 ±2°C (73 ±3.6°F), the dimensions of each sample shall be measured. The percentage change in
dimensions is to be calculated as specified in the following equation for each of the three samples and
then averaged.

in which:

Mb is the dimension of the sample before the immersion conditioning and

Ma is the dimension of the sample after the immersion conditioning.

52.2 For products rated for gasoline or gasoline/ethanol blends with a nominal ethanol concentration of
up to 25 percent (E0 – E25), the test shall be performed on one set of samples using the CE25a test fluid.
If the product is rated for gasoline/ethanol blends with a nominal ethanol concentration above 25 percent,
then the test shall be performed on two sets of samples using both the CE25a and CE85a test fluids. See
Supplement SA. Each set of samples shall be immersed (completely submerged) in vessels containing
the applicable test fluids for 168 hours at 23 ±2°C (73.4 ±3.6°F)

52.3 At the conclusion of the test described in 52.2, the percentage change in dimension shall not change
by more than 2 percent.

53 Weight Change of Floats Test

53.1 A set of three samples of the float shall be used for this test for each test fluid exposure in
accordance with Supplement SA. Prior to the immersion conditioning described in 53.2, the weight of each
sample is to be determined with an analytical balance. Immediately following the immersion conditioning,
and after being dried in air for 70 ±1.2 hours at 23 ±2°C (73.4 ±3.6°F), the weight of each sample is to be
measured. The percentage change in weight is to be calculated as specified in the following equation for
each of the three samples in each set and then averaged.
56 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

in which:

Mb is the weight of the sample before the immersion conditioning and

Ma is the weight of the sample after the immersion conditioning.

53.2 For products rated for gasoline or gasoline/ethanol blends with a nominal ethanol concentration of
up to 25 percent (E0 – E25), the test shall be performed on one set of samples using the CE25a test fluid.
If the product is rated for gasoline/ethanol blends with a nominal ethanol concentration above 25 percent,
then the test shall be performed on two sets of samples using both the CE25a and CE85a test fluids. See
Supplement SA. Each set of samples shall be immersed (completely submerged) in vessels containing
the applicable test fluids for 168 hours at 23 ±2°C (73.4 ±3.6°F).

53.3 At the conclusion of the test described in 53.2, the percentage change in weight shall not increase
by more than 25 percent or decrease by more than 10 percent.

54 Float Crushing Test

54.1 Two samples of a hollow float are to be subjected to this test. Each float is to be first checked for
freedom from leakage by being suddenly immersed in water heated to a temperature immediately below
the boiling point and observed for 3 minutes for the appearance of bubbles. When no leakage is observed,
each float then is to be placed in a container of a size and strength suitable for its intended use. The
container is to be connected to a source of hydrostatic pressure, and a calibrated pressure gauge is to be
installed in the pressure supply piping. The container is to be completely filled with liquid to expel all air.
The pressure then is to be gradually increased over a period of at least 1 minute to 35 psig (240 kPa) and
maintained for 1 minute.

54.2 Subsequent to the test, the floats are to be removed from the container and examined for evidence
of distortion and leakage. No distortion or leakage is to be observable before and after the float is cut in
half.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 57

55 10-Day Moist Ammonia-Air Stress Cracking Test

55.1 After being subjected to the conditions described in 55.2 – 55.4, a brass part containing more than
15 percent zinc shall show no evidence of cracking when examined using 25× magnification.

55.2 Each test sample is to be subjected to the physical stresses normally imposed on or within a part as
the result of assembly with other components. Such stresses are to be applied to the sample prior to and
maintained during the test. Samples with threads, intended to be used for installing the product in the field,
are to have the threads engaged and tightened to the torque specified in Table 46.1. Teflon tape or pipe
compound are not to be used on the threads.

55.3 Three samples are to be degreased and then continuously exposed in a set position for ten days to
a moist ammonia-air mixture maintained in a glass chamber approximately 12 by 12 by 12 inches (305 by
305 by 305 mm) having a glass cover.

55.4 Approximately 600 ml (20.3 ounces) of aqueous ammonia having a specific gravity of 0.94 is to be
maintained at the bottom of the glass chamber below the samples. The samples are to be positioned 1-1/2
inches (38.1 mm) above the aqueous ammonia solution and supported by an inert tray. The moist
ammonia-air mixture in the chamber is to be maintained at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of
34 ±2°C (94 ±4°F).

56 Tests on Sealing Compounds

56.1 A sealing compound used as a conduit seal as covered in 20.9 shall comply with the requirements
in 56.2 – 56.7, or 56.8, to determine its resistance to the fuels anticipated by these requirements.

56.2 The resistance to crushing of the sealing compound is to be determined on as-received specimens
and specimens exposed to test vapors of test fluids. The crushing force after exposure is to be at least 85
percent of the value determined using as-received samples. In addition, changes in dimensions and
weight after exposure are to be determined. Shrinkage or loss of weight of more than 1 percent or an
increase in weight or swelling that changes the intended properties of the sealing compound does not
comply with the intent of this requirement. See 56.8.

56.3 Cylindrical specimens 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter and 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) long are to be used
for the tests. Sample sets consist of six samples for each test fluid and three for as-received tests. See
56.4.

56.4 For products rated for gasoline or gasoline/ethanol blends with a nominal ethanol concentration of
up to 25 percent (E0 – E25), the test shall be performed on one set of samples using the CE25a test fluid.
For products rated for gasoline/ethanol blends with ethanol concentrations above 25 percent, the test shall
be performed on two sets of samples, with one set exposed to the CE25a test fluid and the second set
exposed to the CE85a test fluid. See Supplement SA. The specimens are to be exposed for 168 hours (7
days) to saturated vapors of the applicable test fluids as separate tests.

56.5 During and after the exposure, the specimens are to be observed for discoloration, swelling, crazing,
leaching, or dissolving.
58 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

56.6 After the exposure, three specimens from each fluid exposure are to be weighed and measured
immediately after removal from the fluid vapor.

56.7 The other three exposed specimens and the as-received specimens are to be placed between two
parallel plates and crushed with a compression-testing machine having a crosshead speed 0.1 inch (2.54
mm) per minute. The load is to be applied perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical specimens and the
compressive force required to crack and break the specimens is to be recorded.

56.8 As an alternative to the requirements of 56.2 – 56.7, the Hydrostatic Strength Test described in 44.6
is to be used to determine resistance of the sealing compound to the fuels anticipated by these
requirements. The Hydrostatic Strength Test is to be conducted on two complete samples of the pump
that incorporate the sealing compound after the samples are exposed to saturated vapors of the
chemicals specified in 56.4 for 168 hours at 25°C (77°F) and then dried in air for 24 hours after each
exposure. This constitutes one cycle. One sample is to be subjected to eight cycles and the other sample
to sixteen cycles of exposure and drying for a total of 1536 hours (64 days), and for a total of 3072 hours
(128 days). There shall be no rupture, cracking, breakage, or other damage to the sealing compound. Two
samples are to be used for each fluid exposure.

57 Metallic Coating Thickness Test

57.1 The solution to be used for this test is to be made from distilled water and is to contain 200 grams
per liter of chemically pure chromic acid (CrO3); and 50 grams per liter of chemically pure concentrated
sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The latter is equivalent to 27 milliliters per liter of chemically pure concentrated
sulfuric acid, specific gravity 1.84, containing 96 percent of H2SO4.

57.2 The test solution is to be contained in a glass vessel such as a separatory funnel with the outlet
equipped with a stopcock and a capillary tube of approximately 0.025 inch (0.64 mm) inside bore and 5.5
inches (140 mm) long. The lower end of the capillary tube is to be tapered to form a tip, the drops from
which are to be approximately 0.025 milliliters. To maintain an effectively constant level, a small glass tube
is to be inserted in the top of the funnel through a rubber stopper and its position is to be adjusted so that
the rate of dropping is 100 ±5 drops per minute when the stopcock is open. When desired, an additional
stopcock may be used in place of the glass tube to control the rate of dropping.

57.3 The sample and the test solution are to be kept in the test room long enough to acquire the
temperature of the room maintained at an ambient temperature of 20 – 30°C (70 – 90°F).

57.4 Each sample is to be thoroughly cleaned before testing. All grease, lacquer, paint and other
nonmetallic coatings are to be removed completely by means of solvents. Samples then are to be
thoroughly rinsed in water and dried. The cleaned surface is not to contact the hands or any foreign
material.

57.5 The sample to be tested is to be supported from 0.7 – 1 inch (18 – 25 mm) below the orifice, so that
the drops of solution strike the point to be tested and run off. The surface to be tested is to be inclined
approximately 45 degrees from horizontal.

57.6 The stopcock is to be opened and the time, in seconds, required for the dropping solution to dissolve
the protective metallic coating and expose the base metal is to be measured. Exposure of the base metal
is to be considered as the first appearance of the base metal recognizable by the change in color at that
point.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 59

57.7 Each sample of a test lot is to be tested at three or more points, excluding cut, stenciled, and
threaded surfaces, on the inside surface, and at an equal number of points on the outside surface, at
places on both surfaces where the metallic coating may be expected to be the thinnest. On enclosures
made from precoated sheets, the external corners that are subjected to the greatest deformation may
have thin coatings.

57.8 The thickness of the coating being tested is to be calculated by selecting from Table 57.1 the
thickness factor appropriate for the temperature at which the test was conducted, and multiplying that
thickness factor by the time, in seconds, required to expose base metal as noted in 57.6.

Table 57.1
Thickness of coatings

Temperature, Thickness factors, 0.00001 inches (0.0003 mm) per second

°F (°C) Cadmium platings Zinc platings

70 21.1 1.331 0.980
71 21.7 1.340 0.990
72 22.2 1.352 1.000
73 22.8 1.362 1.010
74 23.3 1.372 1.015
75 23.9 1.383 1.025
76 24.4 1.395 1.033
77 25.0 1.405 1.042
78 25.6 1.416 1.050
79 26.1 1.427 1.060
80 26.7 1.438 1.070
81 27.2 1.450 1.080
82 27.8 1.460 1.085
83 28.3 1.470 1.095
84 28.9 1.480 1.100
85 29.4 1.490 1.110
86 30.0 1.501 1.120
87 30.6 1.513 1.130
88 31.1 1.524 1.141
89 31.7 1.534 1.150
90 32.2 1.546 1.160
60 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

58 Starting Current Test

58.1 A pump shall start and operate as intended by the manufacturer on a circuit protected by a
non-time-delay fuse having a current rating corresponding to that of the branch circuit to which the pump
is intended to be connected. The performance does not comply with the intent of this requirement when
the fuse opens or an overload protector provided as part of the pump trips.

Exception: A pump that meets all of the following conditions is not required to comply with these
requirements:

a) The construction of the pump or the nature of its use is such that the pump is used
continuously on the same branch circuit after installation;

b) The pump starts and operates as intended on a circuit protected by a time-delay fuse; and

c) The product is marked in accordance with 75.10.

58.2 To determine compliance with the requirement in 58.1, the pump is to be started three times from
a standstill without the opening of the fuse. The pump is to be at room temperature at the beginning of the
test. Each start of the motor is to be made under conditions representing the beginning of normal
operation, and the motor is to come to rest between successive starts. The outlet of the pump is to be
blocked.

59 Input Test

59.1 The current or wattage input to a product shall not be more than 110 percent of the rated value when
the product is operated under the condition of maximum normal load as described in 60.2 and when
connected to a supply as specified in 40.6.

60 Temperature Test

60.1 General

60.1.1 A pump, when tested under the conditions of maximum normal load, as described in 60.2.1, shall
not exceed the temperature rises specified in Table 60.1.

Exception: A maximum temperature measured on a pump that exceeds the temperature rises specified
in Table 60.1 complies with the intent of this requirement when the elevated temperature is determined
not to result in a risk of fire or damage to materials used in the product in which the pump is installed.

60.1.2 A thermal- or overload-protective device shall not open the circuit during the temperature test.

60.1.3 All values of temperature rise in Table 60.1 are based on an assumed ambient temperature of
25°C (77°F). Tests that are conducted at any ambient temperature within the range of 10 – 40°C (50 –
104°F) meet the intent of this requirement. The test fluid being pumped is to be maintained at a
temperature in the range of 15 – 25°C (59 – 77°F).
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 61

Table 60.1
Temperature rises

Materials and components °C (°F)

A. MOTORS
1. Class A insulation systems on a coil windings of an AC motor having a frame diameter of
7 inches (178 mm) or less, not including a universal motor and on a vibrator coil a,b
a) In an open motor and on vibrator coil:
Thermocouple or resistance method 75 135
b) In a totally enclosed motor:
Thermocouple or resistance method 80 144
2. Class A insulation systems on coil windings of an AC motor having a frame diameter of
more than 7 inches (178 mm), of a DC motor and of a universal motor a,b
a) In an open motor:
Thermocouple method 65 117
Resistance method 75 135
b) In a totally enclosed motor:
Thermocouple method 70 126
Resistance method 80 144
3. Class B insulation systems on coil windings of an AC motor having a frame diameter of 7
inches (178 mm) or less, not including a universal motor a,b
a) In an open motor:
Thermocouple or resistance method 95 171
b) In a totally enclosed motor: 100 180
Thermocouple or resistance method
4. Class B insulation systems on coil windings of an AC motor having a frame diameter of
more than 7 inches (178 mm), of a DC motor, and of a universal motor a,b
a) In an open motor:
Thermocouple method 85 153
Resistance method 95 171
b) In a totally enclosed motor:
Thermocouple method 90 162
Resistance method 100 180
5. Class F insulation systems on coil windings of an AC motor having a frame diameter of 7
inches (178 mm) or less, not including a universal motorb
a) In open motor: 120 216
Thermocouple or Resistance Method 125 225
b) In totally enclosed motor:
Thermocouple or Resistance Method 125 225
B. COMPONENTS
1. Capacitors:
a) Electrolytic 40c 72c
b) Other types 65d 117d
2. Fuses 65e 117e
3. Relay, solenoid, and coils (except motor coil windings and transformers) with
a) Class 105 insulation systems:
Thermocouple method 65 117
Resistance method 85 153
b) Class 130 insulation systems:
Thermocouple method 85 153
Resistance method 95 171
c) Class 155 insulation systems:

Table 60.1 Continued on Next Page

62 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

Table 60.1 Continued

Materials and components °C (°F)

Thermocouple method 95 171

Resistance method 115 207
d) Class 180 insulation systems:
Thermocouple method 115 207
Resistance method 135 243
4. Sealing Compound 40 104 less
than
melting
point
5. Synthetic rubber materials 35f 63f
6. Transformers
a) Class 155 insulation systems:
Thermocouple method 110 198
Resistance method 115 207
b) Class 180 insulation systems:
Thermocouple method 125 225
Resistance method
C. CONDUCTORS 135 243
Rubber- or thermoplastic insulated wires and cords 35 63f,g
D. ELECTRICAL INSULATION – GENERAL
1. Fiber employed as electrical insulation 65 117
2. Phenolic composition employed as electrical insulation or as a part, the deterioration of
which results in a risk of fire or electric shocke
Laminated 100 180
Molded 125 225
3. Varnished-cloth insulation 60 108
E. SURFACES
1. A surface upon which a product may be or mounted in service, and a surface that may be 65 117
adjacent to the product when it is so placed or mounted
2. Any point within a terminal box or wiring compartment of a permanently connected 35 63
product in which power-supply conductors are to be connected, including such conductors
themselves, unless the product is marked in accordance with 75.13.
3. Wood or other combustible material, including the inside surface of the test enclosure and 65 117
the surface supporting the product
a See 60.1.4 and 60.2.
b For a motor rated 1/3 horsepower (250 watts output) or less, these spacings may be less than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm).
cFor an electrolytic capacitor that is physically integral with or attached to a motor, the maximum temperature rise on insulating
material integral with the capacitor enclosure is not to be more than 65°C (117°F).
d A capacitor that operates at a temperature rise of more that 65°C (117°F) may be judged on the basis of its marked maximum

temperature limit.
e A fuse that has been investigated and successfully evaluated for use at a higher temperature may be used at that
temperature. These limitations do not apply to compounds and compounds such as fuses that have been successfully
investigated for use at a higher temperature.
fA synthetic rubber material that operates at a temperature rise of more than 35°C (63°F) complies with the intent of this
requirement when investigated for the higher service temperature in accordance with the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL
157.
g A rubber-insulated conductor within a motor, a rubber-insulated motor lead, and a rubber-insulated conductor of a flexible cord
when entering a motor may be subjected to a higher temperature when the conductor is provided with sleeving or a braid that
has been investigated and successfully evaluated for use at the higher temperature. This does not apply to thermoplastic-
insulated wires or cords.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 63

60.1.4 At a point on the surface of a coil where the temperature is affected by an external source of heat,
the temperature measured by a means of a thermocouple that is more than the maximum temperature
specified in Table 60.1 meets the intent of this requirement when the temperature, as measured by the
resistance method, is not more than that specified in Table 60.2.

Table 60.2
Maximum coil temperatures

Subitem of item in Table 60.1 Additional temperature rise,

°C (°F)
1. (a) of item A1 5 9
2. (a) of item A3 10 18
3. (a) of item A2 15 27
4. (a) of item A4 20 36

60.1.5 For the temperature test, the voltage shall be as indicated in 40.6.

60.1.6 A product having a single frequency rating is to be tested at that frequency. A product rated AC/DC
or DC or 60 hertz is to be tested on direct current or 60-hertz AC, whichever results in higher
temperatures. A product rated 25 – 60 hertz or 50 – 60 hertz is to be tested at the voltage and frequency
rating at which the highest input wattage was measured during the Input Test, Section 59.

60.1.7 For a product that is obviously not intended for continuous operation, the probable intermittent or
short-time operation of the product is to be taken into consideration when conducting the temperature test.

60.1.8 With reference to those tests that are to be continued until constant temperatures are attained,
thermal equilibrium exists when three successive readings taken at intervals of 10 percent of the
previously elapsed duration of the test, however, not less than 5-minute intervals, indicate no change.

60.1.9 Coil winding temperatures are to be measured by thermocouples or by using the

change-of-resistance method, whichever is appropriate. For a thermocouple-measured temperature of a
coil of an alternating-current motor having a diameter of 7 inches (178 mm) or less, and a universal motor
– see items 1 and 3 in Table 60.1 – the thermocouple is to be mounted on the integrally applied insulation
on the conductor. For any other motor, the thermocouple is to be applied on the outer surface of a wrap
that is not more than 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) thick and consists of cotton, paper, rayon, or similar materials.

60.1.10 Thermocouples are to consist of wires not larger than 24 AWG (0.21 mm2) and not smaller than
30 AWG (0.05 mm2). Whenever referee temperature measurements by thermocouples are required,
thermocouples consisting of 30 AWG iron and constantan wire and a potentiometer-type instrument are
to be used. The thermocouple wire is to conform with the requirements specified in the Initial Calibration
Tolerances for Thermocouples table in Temperature Measurement Thermocouples, ANSI/ISA MC96.1.

60.1.11 When using the resistance method, the windings are to be at room temperature at the start of
the test, and the temperature rise of a winding is to be calculated using the formula:
64 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

in which:

∆T is the temperature rise in °C,

R is the resistance of the coil in ohms at the end of the test,

r is the resistance of the coil in ohms at the beginning of the test

k is 234.5 for copper and 225.0 for electrical conductor grade (C) aluminum; values of the
constant for other conductors are to be determined,

t1 is the temperature in °C of the coil at the time resistance “r” is being measured, and

t2 is the room temperature in °C at the time resistance “R” is being measured.

60.2 Maximum normal load

60.2.1 Maximum normal load is determined to be the load that approximates as closely as possible the
most severe conditions of intended use. It is not a deliberate overload except as the conditions of actual
use are somewhat more severe than the maximum load conditions that are specified by the manufacturer
of the product. A product having features not contemplated in these test procedures may be tested as
required to meet the intent of these requirements.

61 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test

61.1 A pump shall withstand for 1 minute without breakdown the application of a 60-hertz primarily
sinusoidal potential between:

a) Live parts and dead metal parts;

b) Circuits that operate at different potentials and are not electrically connected; or

c) Live parts of opposite polarity,

for a test on a capacitor as specified in 61.2(b), with the product at the maximum operating temperature
reached during intended use.

61.2 The potential for the test described in 61.1 is to be:

a) One thousand volts for a pump employing a motor rated 1/2 horsepower (373 watts output)
or less and 250 volts or less;

b) One thousand volts plus twice the rated voltage for a pump employing a motor rated at more
than 1/2 horsepower or more than 250 volts; or
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 65

c) One thousand volts plus twice the rated voltage between the terminals of a capacitor used
for radio-interference elimination or arc suppression.

61.3 The test potential for the secondary circuit of a product employing a transformer shall be:

a) One thousand volts plus twice the operating voltage when the secondary operates at 251 –
600 volts;

b) One thousand volts when the secondary operates at 51 – 250 volts; or

c) Five hundred volts when the secondary operates at 50 volts or less.

Exception: This does not apply when the secondary circuit is supplied from a Class 2 transformer.

61.4 To determine whether a product complies with the requirements in 61.1 – 61.3, the product is to be
tested by means of a 500 volt-ampere or larger transformer, having an output voltage that is primarily
sinusoidal and is capable of being varied. The applied potential is to be increased from zero until the
required test value is reached and is to be held at that value for 1 minute. The increase in the applied
potential is to be at a substantially uniform rate and as rapid as consistent with its value being correctly
indicated by a voltmeter.

Exception: A 500 volt-ampere or larger capacity transformer is not required to be used when the
transformer is provided with a voltmeter to measure directly the applied output potential.

61.5 When the secondary circuit is grounded at one or more points, the grounding points are to be
removed for the test covered in 61.3 and 61.4.

62 Grounding Continuity Test

62.1 The resistance between the point of connection of the equipment-grounding means at or within the
product and any other point in the grounding circuit of the product shall not be more than 0.1 ohm.

62.2 Determination of whether the product complies with the requirement in 62.1 is to be made by an
ohmmeter or similar test equipment, except that when results that do not comply with the requirements in
62.1 are observed, an alternating current of 20 amperes or more from a power supply of 12 volts or less
is to be passed from the point of connection of the equipment grounding means to the metal part in the
grounding circuit, and the resulting drop in potential is to be measured between the two points. The
resistance in ohms is to be determined by dividing the drop in potential in volts by the current in amperes
passing between the two points.
66 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

63 Rain Test

63.1 A product intended for outdoor use is to be conditioned as described in 63.3. There shall be no
obvious wetting of any electrical component, and no water shall enter a compartment that houses
field-installed wiring. Following the test, the product shall comply with the requirements of the Dielectric
Voltage-Withstand Test, Section 61, and the Insulation Resistance Test, Section 66.

63.2 The rain test apparatus is to consist of three spray heads mounted in a water supply pipe rack as
illustrated in Figure 63.1. The spray heads are to be constructed in accordance with the details illustrated
in Figure 63.2. The water pressure for all tests is to be maintained at 5 psig (34.5 Pa) at each spray head.
The distance between the center nozzle and the product is to be 5 feet (1.5 m). The product is to be
brought into the focal area of the three spray heads in such a position and under such conditions that
result in the entrance of water into the enclosure. The spray is to be directed at a 45 degree angle to the
vertical toward the product. The total exposure is to be for 1 hour.

63.3 With reference to the test described in 63.2;

a) The product may be operated in various positions or under various modes of operation or

b) More than one sample may be tested

when alternate modes are possible. The product is to be de-energized when such a condition is capable
of leading to more adverse conditions.

This is generated text for figtxt.

FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 67
This is generated text for figtxt.

Figure 63.1
Rain-test spray-head piping
68 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

Figure 63.2
Rain-test spray head
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 69

64 Submersion Test

64.1 A product intended for use in a manway is to be conditioned as described in the Rain Test, Section
63. There shall be no obvious wetting of any electrical component, and no water shall enter a
compartment that houses field-installed wiring. Following the test, the product shall comply with the
requirements of the Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test, Section 61.

64.2 After the completion of the Rain Test, Section 63, the complete enclosure is to be mounted in a tank
with the conduit connected using a pipe thread sealing compound. The conduit is to be tightened with the
torque specified in Table 46.1. The tank is to be filled with water so that the highest point on the enclosure
is 12 inches (30.5 cm) below the surface of the water. The enclosure is not required to be submersed to
a depth of 12 inches when an equivalent pressure differential between the interior and the exterior of the
enclosure is maintained for the required period of time. This differential is to be achieved either by
reducing the air pressure inside the enclosure or by pressurizing the water surrounding the enclosure.
After 30 minutes, the enclosure is to be removed from the tank, the excess water is to be removed from
the exterior surface of the enclosure, and the enclosure is to be opened. The product is to be examined
as described in 64.1.

65 Conductor Secureness Test

65.1 Each lead wire specified in 21.18 shall withstand, without damage or detachment, a direct pull of 10
pound-force (44 N) for one minute applied to the lead from any angle that the construction of the
equipment permits.

66 Insulation Resistance Test

66.1 When measurement of the insulation resistance is required in accordance with 63.1, a potential of
250 volts DC is to be applied between exposed dead-metal parts of the product and the supply conductors
connected together. A voltmeter having an internal resistance of at least 30,000 ohms is to be connected
in series with the DC voltage source and the supply conductors. The DC line voltage is to be measured
using a separate AC-DC voltmeter. See Figure 66.1. The insulation is to be calculated using the following
circuit equation:

in which:

Ri is the insulation resistance of the test sample,

V1 is the DC line voltage (reading given on AC-DC voltmeter),

Vs is the voltage across series voltmeter (reading given on series voltmeter), and
70 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

Rs is the resistance of series voltmeter using the following equation:

Rs = Ms Vm

in which:

Ms is the deflection sensitivity of the series voltmeter in ohms/volts and

Vm is the maximum voltage which is capable of being read on the scale being used.

The calculated insulation resistance shall not be less than 50,000 ohms.

Exception: Self-contained laboratory grade instrumentation that produces equivalent results, such as a
megohmmeter with an open circuit output of 500 volts DC, may be used in place of the two-voltmeter
circuit shown in Figure 66.1.

This is generated text for figtxt.

FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 71

Figure 66.1
Two-voltmeter method of measuring insulation resistance
72 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

67 Leakage Current Test

67.1 The leakage current of a cord connected submersible pump without a shaft seal, when tested in
accordance with 67.3 – 67.9, shall not be more than 0.75 mA.

67.2 Leakage current refers to all currents, including capacitively coupled currents, that may be conveyed
between exposed conductive surfaces of a product and ground or other exposed conductive surfaces of
a product.

67.3 All exposed conductive surfaces are to be tested for leakage currents. If simultaneously accessible,
the leakage currents from exposed conductive surfaces are to be measured to the grounded supply
conductor individually as well as collectively, and from one surface to another. A part is considered to be
an exposed surface unless guarded by an enclosure. Surfaces are considered to be simultaneously
accessible when they can be readily contacted by one or both hands of a person at the same time. These
measurements do not apply to terminals operating at voltages that do not present a risk of electric shock.

67.4 If a conductive surface other than metal is used for the enclosure or part of the enclosure, the
leakage current is to be measured using a metal foil having an area of 10 by 20 centimeters in contact
with the surface. If the surface is less than 10 by 20 centimeters, the metal foil is to be the same size as
the surface. The metal foil is not to remain in place long enough to affect the temperature of the product.

67.5 The measurement circuit for leakage current is to be as illustrated in Figure 67.1. The measurement
instrument is defined in (a) – (c). The meter that is actually used for a measurement need only indicate
the same numerical value for a particular measurement as would the defined instrument. The meter used
need not have all the attributes of the defined instrument.

a) The meter is to have an input impedance of 1500 ohms resistive shunted by a capacitance
of 0.15 µF.

b) The meter is to indicate 1.11 times the average of the full-wave rectified composite
waveform of voltage across the resistor or current through the resistor.

c) Over a frequency range of 0 – 100 kHz, the measurement circuitry is to have a frequency
response – ratio of indicated to actual value of current – that is equal to the ratio of the
impedance of a 1500 ohm resistor shunted by a 0.15 µF capacitor to 1500 ohms. At an
indication of 0.75 mA, the measurement is to have an error of not more than 5% at 60 Hz.

This is generated text for figtxt.

FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 73

Figure 67.1
Leakage current measurement circuits
74 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

67.6 The meter is to be connected to the accessible part and the grounded supply conductor unless the
meter is being used to measure leakage between two parts of a product.

67.7 A sample product is to be prepared for leakage current measurements as follows:

a) The sample is to be representative of the wiring methods, routing, components, component

location and installation, and the like, of a production unit;

b) The grounding conductor is to be open at the attachment plug and the sample is to be
isolated from ground;

c) The test is to be conducted at ambient temperature and humidity; and

d) The supply voltage is to be adjusted to rated voltage.

67.8 The test sample is to be arranged so that all parallel ground paths – such as through fill and drain
lines – are eliminated.

67.9 The leakage current test sequence, with reference to the measuring circuit, Figure 67.1, is to be as
follows:

a) With switch S1 open, the product is to be connected to the measuring circuit. Leakage
current is to be measured using both positions of switch S2, and with the product switching
devices in all their normal operating positions.

b) Switch S1 is then to be closed energizing the product, and within 5 seconds, the leakage
current is to be measured using both positions of switch S2, and with the product switching
devices in all their normal operating positions.

c) The leakage current is to be monitored until thermal stabilization. Both positions of switch S2
are to be used in determining this measurement. Thermal stabilization is to be obtained by
operation as in the temperature test.

68 Pneumatic Parts – Pressure Distortion Test

68.1 There shall be no signs of cracking or distortion in the plastic body of the air confining part after this
test. The sample shall also comply with the High Pressure Leakage Test, Section 42.

68.2 The sample is mounted as intended and pressurized to rated pressure. This pressure is maintained
for 300 hours.

68.3 After the conditioning of 68.2, the pressure is released and the sample is allowed to cool to room
temperature. The sample is visually inspected for signs of cracking or distortion.

68.4 After the visual inspection of the sample, the sample is subjected to the High Pressure Leakage
Test, Section 42.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 75

69 Pneumatic Parts – Endurance

69.1 After the test described in 69.2, the sample shall comply with the High Pressure Leakage Test,
Section 42.

69.2 The sample shall be operated for 100,000 cycles from an aerostatic pressure equal to rated
pressure.

70 Pneumatic Parts – Impact Test

70.1 After the test described in 70.2 and 70.3, the sample shall be subjected to the High Pressure
Leakage Test, Section 42.

70.2 Prior to the impacts, the sample is to be conditioned in an air oven for 3 hours at a temperature
equal to the minimum rated ambient.

70.3 After the conditioning of 70.2, the sample shall be subjected to an impact produced by dropping a
2 inch diameter steel sphere weighing 1.18 pounds, through a distance of 4.24 feet. The impact shall be
located on any portion of the sample that is exposed to a blow during normal use, installation, or user
servicing.

71 Blending Cycling Test

71.1 One complete sample of the pump is to be used for this test. The sample shall be fully assembled
with all gaskets and seal materials in place as intended.

71.2 The sample shall be provided with closures to seal off inlet and outlet openings. The main inlet and
outlet closures shall be provided with a 1/4 inch NPT opening for connection to the test apparatus. All
closures shall be installed by the manufacturer and there shall be no further adjustments to these closures
during this test.

71.3 Suitable materials shall be used for the closures in 71.2.

71.4 A quick connect device is to be connected to the 1/4 inch NPT connection at the inlet and outlet,
and is used to facilitate the filling and draining of the applicable test fluids. A source of pressure may be
used to assist in filling and draining the samples, however the pressure shall not exceed the rated
pressure of the device under test. Once the samples are filled, they are to be closed off and sealed.

71.5 The sample is to be filled with CE85a test fluid as described in Supplement SA. Once filled and
closed off in accordance with 71.4, the sample is allowed to remain at rest for 85 ±0.5 hours at an ambient
temperature of 23 ±2°C (73 ±4°F). The sample is then drained and immediately refilled with CE25a test
fluid as described in Supplement SA. Once filled, the sample is allowed to remain at rest for 85 ±0.5 hours
at an ambient temperature of 23 ±2°C. This constitutes one cycle. The sample shall be subjected to a total
of 4 cycles. At the end of each of the first three cycles, the sample shall be subjected to the High Pressure
Leakage Test, Section 42, at rated pressure, but not less than 50 psi (347 kPa). After the fourth cycle, the
sample shall be subjected to the High Pressure Leakage Test, Section 42, at 1.5 times rated pressure,
but not less than 75 psi (518 kPa). There shall be no leakage during any of these tests or during the
exposures.
76 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

71.6 At the end of the four cycles, the device under test shall be subjected to the Hydrostatic Strength
Test, Section 44.

MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION

72 General

72.1 To verify compliance with these requirements in production, the manufacturer shall provide the
required production control, inspection, and tests. The program shall include at least the following:

a) Leakage test of all parts of the final assembly of liquid-handling components of each pump
at the pressure developed during intended operation of the device. Each pump is to be proved
tight against leakage before shipment.

b) Running test at intended operating pressures to determine freedom of rotation or movement,

correctness of assembly, and operation of pressure-regulating, relief, and shutoff valves or
devices.

c) Each unit or device shall withstand without electrical breakdown, as a routine production-line
test, the application of an AC potential at a frequency with the range of 40 – 70 hertz or a DC
potential:

1) Between the primary wiring, including connected components, and accessible dead
metal parts that could become energized and

2) Between primary wiring and accessible low voltage (42.4 volts peak or less) metal
parts, including terminals.

72.2 The production-line test shall be in accordance with either Condition A or B of Table 72.1. The test
potential is to be started at 0 volts and gradually increased to the required value, and the full value is to
be applied for 1 second or 1 minute as required.

Table 72.1
Production-line test potential

Product testing Condition A Condition B

Maximum test potential, Time, Maximum test potential, Time,
volts, AC volts, DC seconds volts, AC volts, DC seconds
250 volts or less 1000 1400 60 1200 1700 1
More than 250 volts 1000 + 2Va 1400 + 2.8Va 60 1200 + 2.4Va 1700 + 3.4Va 1
a Maximum marked voltage.

72.3 The unit or device is to be in a heated or unheated condition for the test.

72.4 The test shall be conducted when the unit or device is complete (fully assembled). It is not intended
that the unit or device be unwired, modified, or disassembled for the test.

Exception: The test may be conducted before final assembly when the test represents the completed unit
or device. Any component not included shall not affect the results with respect to determination of possible
electric shock from miswiring, defective component, spacings that are not in compliance with the
requirements in Spacings, Section 31, and similar situations.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 77

72.5 A solid-state component that is capable of being damaged by a secondary effect, such as induced
voltage surge or unintended heating of the test, may be short-circuited by means of a temporary electrical
jumper, or the test is permitted to be conducted without the component electrically conducted, providing
the wiring and terminal spacings are maintained. Additionally, it is permitted for a transient voltage
suppression device, other than a capacitor connected from primary wiring to dead metal, to be
disconnected during the test.

72.6 The test equipment shall include a means of indicating the test potential, an audible or visual
indicator of electrical breakdown, and, either a manual reset device to restore the equipment after
electrical breakdown or an automatic-reject feature for any unit that does not comply with the requirements
of 72.1(c). When an AC test potential is applied, the test equipment shall include a transformer having a
primarily sinusoidal output.

72.7 When the rated output of the test equipment is less than 500 volt-amperes, the equipment shall
include a voltmeter in the output circuit to indicate the test potential directly.

72.8 When the output of the test equipment is 500 volt-amperes or more, the test potential may be
indicated:

a) By a voltmeter in the primary circuit or in a tertiary-winding circuit;

b) By a selector switch marked to indicate the test potential; or

c) In the case of equipment having a single test-potential output, by marking in a readily visible
location to indicate the test potential.

When marking is used without an indicating voltmeter, the test equipment shall include a visual means,
such as an indicator lamp, to indicate that the manually reset switch has been reset following a dielectric
breakdown.

72.9 Test equipment other than that described in 72.6 – 72.8 complies with the intent of this requirement
when found to accomplish the intended factory control.

72.10 During this test, the primary switch is to be in the ″on″ position, both sides of the primary circuit of
the product are to be connected together and to one terminal of the test equipment, and the second test
equipment terminal is to be connected to accessible dead metal.

Exception No. 1: A product (resistive, high-impedance winding, or a similar construction) having circuitry
not subject to unintended secondary-voltage build-up in case of electrical breakdown during the test may
be tested with a single-pole primary switch, when used, in the ″off ″ position, or with only one side of the
primary circuit connected to the test equipment when the primary switch is in the ″on″ position or when a
primary switch is not used.

Exception No. 2: The primary switch is not required to be in the ″on″ position when the testing means
applies full test potential between the primary wiring and dead metal parts with the switch not in the ″on″
position.
78 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

INSTRUCTIONS

73 General

73.1 A copy of the instructions intended to accompany each device, or equivalent information, is to be
used as a reference in the examination and test of the device. For this purpose, a printed edition is not
required.

73.2 The instructions shall include such directions and information as deemed by the manufacturer to be
required for the intended installation and use of the device. At a minimum, the instructions shall include
the following:

a) Each device that incorporates electrical equipment shall give directions for the branch circuit
connections to be made and calling attention to the requirement that all electrical connections
shall be made with threaded rigid conduit, seal fittings, and conductor seals. It shall also
indicate that installations shall be made in accordance with the National Electrical Code, ANSI/
NFPA 70.

b) Directions to make pipe joints tight with a suitable pipe compound that is not alcohol based.

c) Indications that installations shall be made in accordance with the Flammable and
Combustible Liquids Code, ANSI/NFPA 30 or the Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities or Repair
Garages, ANSI/NFPA 30A, as appropriate to the intended use of the pump.

73.3 For pump motor assemblies that are not shipped as a complete assembly, the instructions shall
identify the parts of the assembly and shall include all information needed to complete the assembly of
the product.

RATING

74 Details

74.1 An electrically operated pump assembly shall be rated in volts and frequency expressed in one of
the following terms: hertz, Hz, cycles-per-second, cps, cycles/second, c/s, ac-dc, ac or dc only and, other
than as noted in 74.2, in amperes. When the assembly is intended for use on a polyphase circuit, the
number of phases shall be included in the rating.

74.2 Instead of the ampere rating specified in 74.1, it is permissible to rate the electrically operated pump
assembly in watts when the full-load power factor is 0.80 or more.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 79

MARKING

75 General

75.1 Each pump shall be marked with the following:

a) The manufacturer’s name, trade name, trademark or other descriptive markings by which the
organization responsible for the product is capable of being identified.

b) A distinctive catalog number or the equivalent to specifically identify the pump.

c) For electrically powered pumps, the electrical rating, as normally appearing on each motor
for Class I, Group D hazardous locations, on the nameplate of submersible-type pumps.

d) For pneumatic powered pumps, the maximum air pressure.

e) For pumps for use with or in dispensing systems and vapor recovery pumps, the maximum
outlet pressure.

f) For hydraulic powered pumps, the maximum inlet pressure.

g) The date or other dating period of manufacturer not exceeding any three consecutive
months and not repeating in less than 20 years.

Exception: The date of manufacturer may be abbreviated or appearing in an established or

otherwise acceptable code.

h) For pumps without motors, the direction of rotation and maximum revolutions per minute
(rpm) that the pump can be operated.

i) Pumps shall be marked to indicate the fuel rating for which they are intended. The marking
shall be ″Gasoline″ for pumps rated for gasoline only, shall be ″E25″ for pumps rated for
gasoline and gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol concentrations up to 25 percent
ethanol (E0 – E25), or ″E85″ for pumps rated for gasoline and gasoline/ethanol blends with
nominal ethanol concentrations up to 85 percent ethanol (E0 – E85). This marking shall be
prominently displayed to identify the pump.

75.2 A product that employs a single motor as its only electric-energy consuming component is not
required to show the electrical rating given on the motor nameplate elsewhere on the product when this
nameplate is readily visible after the product has been installed.

75.3 When the motor nameplate of a dual-voltage motor is employed to give the electrical rating of the
product as provided in 75.2, the product shall be additionally and permanently marked to indicate the
voltage for which it is intended when shipped from the factory.

75.4 When a pump assembly has provision for storing a hose-nozzle valve, it shall be marked with the
following information:

a) For E85 rated pumps, the wording ″Use only the following:″ and the brand names and
specific model designations of permitted combinations of hose assemblies, breakaway
couplings, swivel connectors, and hose nozzle valves to be used.
80 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

b) For E25 rated pumps, the wording ″Use only E25 rated hanging hardware,″ or the
equivalent.

c) For gasoline rated pumps, the wording “Use only appropriately rated hanging hardware,” or
the equivalent.

Marking shall be located where it will be seen by the responsible personnel when performing the intended
assembly.

75.5 For pump-motor assemblies intended for use with specific manifolds or motor controllers, the
marking shall indicate “For use with * manifold and * motor controller,″ as appropriate, where “*”
represents the manufacturer’s name and model number.

75.6 A pump intended for use with or in a dispensing system that does not provide for relief of thermal
expansion pressure shall be marked with instructions to provide a relief valve rated not more than the
maximum outlet pressure of the pump in the discharge line and in a separate return line back to the supply
tank. These instructions may be provided on a tag attached to the pump.

75.7 For pump-motor assemblies with electrical components or enclosures intended to be used outdoors,
and which comply with the Rain Test, Section 63, the pump shall be marked ″Rainproof.″

75.8 Pumps that are required to be vented as described in 8.2 shall be marked to indicate the location of
the vent port, and that it is to be connected to pipe or tubing to be routed outdoors or other location
determined to be equivalent. The marking may appear on a tag attached to the pump.

75.9 For a pump-motor assembly that is not shipped as a complete assembly, the product shall be
marked with the following or the equivalent: ″Assembly consisting of (Part No. or equivalent) extension
assembly (or an appropriate name) and (Part No. or equivalent) pump, (or pump/motor assembly or other
appropriate name).″ Information indicated in parentheses is to be completed as applicable. Each part of
the assembly shall be permanently marked with the distinctive part number or equivalent

75.10 For pumps specified in 58.1 that do not start and operate as intended when connected to a circuit
protected by a non-time delay fuse, and do start and operate as intended when connected to a circuit
protected by a time-delay fuse, the following or equivalent shall be plainly and permanently marked on the
product: ″Connect to a supply circuit protected by a time-delay fuse.″

75.11 A capacitor or capacitor transformer unit, as described in 26.6, that is not an integral part of a
product shall be permanently marked with an identification symbol; this symbol shall also appear on the
nameplate of the motor.

75.12 When a manufacturer produces pumps at more than one factory, each pump shall have a
distinctive permanent marking to identify it as the product of a particular factory.

75.13 When any point within a terminal box or wiring compartment of a permanently connected product
in which the power-supply conductors are intended to be connected, including such conductors
themselves, attains a temperature rise greater than 35°C (63°F) during the Temperature Test, Section 60,
the product shall be marked ″For supply connection, use wires acceptable for at least ____°C (____°F),″
or an equivalent statement. The temperature value shall be in accordance with Table 75.1. This statement
shall be permanently marked at or near the point where the supply connections are to be made, and shall
be clearly visible both during and after installation of the product.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A 81

Table 75.1
Outlet-box marking

Temperature rise attained during test in terminal box or Temperature marking,

compartment,
°C (°F) °C (°F)
36 – 50 64 – 90 75 167
51 – 65 91 – 117 90 194

76 Cautionary Markings

76.1 A product having a hidden or unexpected risk of injury to persons shall be marked to inform the user
of the risk.

76.2 A cautionary marking shall be permanent and legible, and shall be located on a permanent part of
the product.

76.3 A marking intended to inform the user of a risk of injury to persons shall be preceded by the specified
signal word ″CAUTION,″ ″WARNING,″ or ″DANGER.″ The marking shall be in letters not less than 3/32
inch (2.4 mm) high. The signal word shall be more prominent than any other required marking on the
product. A marking that combines two or more applicable markings is not required to include the signal
word more than once.

76.4 A product having provisions for two or more separate connections to a branch circuit or other power
supply source shall be permanently marked with the word ″CAUTION″ and the following or the equivalent:
″This product has more than one connection to the source of supply. To reduce the risk of electric shock,
disconnect all such connections before servicing.″ The marking shall be located at each point of
connection, and shall be readily visible after installation of the product.

76.5 A pump having a head or associated fittings and a motor frame that is capable of:

a) Being contacted by the user and

b) Attaining a temperature that exceeds the applicable limit specified in Table 36.1

shall be permanently marked with the word ″WARNING″ and the following or the equivalent: ″Hot Surface
– To reduce the risk of burns, do not touch.″ The marking shall be located on or adjacent to the surfaces
that have been determined to be hot.

76.6 A part of an enclosure as described in the Exception to 34.6 shall be marked to indicate that such
servicing is to be done with the product disconnected from the supply circuit.

76.7 When complete guarding of a moving part that would obviously cause injury to persons defeats the
utility of a product, a marking shall be provided warning the user of the potential risk of injury.
82 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

77 Permanence of Marking

77.1 A marking that is required to be permanent shall be:

a) Molded;

b) Die-stamped;

c) Paint stenciled;

d) Stamped or etched metal that is permanently secured (e.g., with screws or rivets) to the
surface to which it is affixed;

e) Indelibly stamped lettering; or

f) Printed on a pressure-sensitive label.

77.2 A pressure-sensitive label, or a label secured by cement or adhesive, shall comply with the
applicable requirements for indoor- or indoor- and outdoor-use labels specified in the Standard for Marking
and Labeling Systems, UL 969, as appropriate to the installation location of the device, and, when
required, the conditioning described in 77.3.

77.3 When a label is exposed to unusual conditions in service, such as detergents, oil, gasoline, or similar
materials, representative samples are to be subjected to an applicable immersion exposure in Table 7.4
of UL 969 and shall comply with the requirements for permanence and legibility in UL 969. For exposure
to fuel, the test fluids shall be as described in Supplement SA, and the exposure time shall be 60 minutes.
For exposure to detergents, the solution is to consist of a mixture of 25 grams of a commercial detergent
per liter of water.
FEBRUARY 11, 2015 UL 79A SA1

SUPPLEMENT SA - Test Fluids

SA.1 Details

There are two test fluids that are applicable for tests in this standard. The fluids are designated by a format
that fits the form of CEXXa; where “C” indicates ASTM Reference Fuel C (50% Isooctane, 50% Toluene);
“E” indicates synthetic ethanol (designated CDA20); “XX” indicates percentage amount of the ethanol that
is added to the solution; and “a” indicates aggressive elements that are added to the synthetic ethanol.
The aggressive elements are used to represent contaminants that can be found in actual use and are
used to help represent the worst case test fluid. The aggressive elements are mixed in accordance with
the Recommended Practice for Gasoline, Alcohol, and Diesel Fuel Surrogates for Material Testing, SAE
J1681.

The aggressive elements include deionized water, sodium chloride, sulfuric acid, and glacial acetic acid.
Table SA.1 outlines the amounts of each of these elements in one liter of aggressive ethanol.

Table SA.1
Aggressive ethanol test fluid

Component Units 1 Liter of CE85a 1 Liter of CE25a

ASTM Reference Fuel C Liter 0.150 0.750
Synthetic Ethanol Liter 0.843 0.248
Deionized Water Liter 0.007 0.002
Sodium Chloride Gram 0.003 0.001
Sulfuric Acid Milliliter 0.010 0.003
Glacial Acetic Acid Milliliter 0.050 0.010

CE25a consists of a 75% ASTM Reference Fuel C and 25% aggressive ethanol mixture. CE85a consists
of a 15% ASTM Reference Fuel C and 85% aggressive ethanol mixture. These two fluids may be used
to condition samples as noted in each specific test that indicates that these fluids are to be used. The test
fluids are to be prepared just prior to use to minimize effects on the test fluid. The aggressive ethanol is
corrosive and changes can occur to the solution from interactions with the storage and transfer containers.
Exposure to air and or moisture may also affect the test fluid.

Products intended to be rated for use with gasoline or gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol
concentrations up to 25 percent (E0 – E25) shall be evaluated using the CE25a test fluid as the only
applicable test fluid. Products intended to be rated at gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol
concentration greater than 25 percent shall be evaluated using both the CE25a test fluid and the CE85a
test fluid.

For products evaluated using the CE25a test fluid, one sample is required to be conditioned in accordance
with the Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41. For products using both test fluids, two samples are
required to be conditioned in accordance with the Long Term Exposure Test, Section 41.
SA2 UL 79A FEBRUARY 11, 2015

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