lo Be. p-l Pntele “12. + Inkoducton — Re congttihon oF at aor] hog defined the word For the Purepogse of Skecke parol II! and pari -lv. Tn, Salo of west Bengal veg Subodh Gopal Boge ject he Suprems rE Observed that, the objet Pi re Cou bs * 3 OF part I 13+ provide Peotectior rights Bnd Roeedams quananteed undere thig pant by the invosion oF “state DeFnedhion — defines the term i > din diferent State og 492 (PRen Articles, of Part Il OF the consHtuhon. THE Sayes that unlexs the Context ; Ohenwige wequines the tenm State Imetudes +he Follousing CL) Government and Parliament of India —— execuhve , 7 legiglotwa Organ oF ine / UNION Government}. W Govern eny and legisiohoe executve , Legiglehs2 organ of the state.> Ar Local See ee oe at ane +erritory OF Indic. > Munierpali heg >> Pan ehoyat: > Digtovict Boaved . ty Tmprnovement Trugt y Mining Sethement Bootedy | gy leeal and BU,Sthen authowibes Under the covsysol OF tne Qroveranymernt OF Lndia. Stectutory Puthowihes like lic op Lire! 7 ONGC | SAIL. POMeaning -o¢ futhovity AeCondiNng- to [Webster Dichonany . futhority” Meang A pexser pengon op oody exenciging power +o Command, Ty the Context of |froticle 12), the Word ' authority’ Means the power to make lausg, oye “10093 ReqMiahong anders sIP Pwhich have the Prnce oF laws and. POWER to Enfrce those laud. py © Locar AvTHorITy — eee Local Buthority ag deBned in Seehon @(a\)Jor General Clauges fet , wWeFEDQ to authomihes LiKe — Municipaliheg B Distoict Board - Panchayel Improvement Tough Min. ing BotHhement Boand, | > Cage Reference —1L | ROO os Mohammed Yasin N, Teun AREA Commitpoe LAIR les se 5 | . tHeld—ftme Supeeme Count yneld ‘ Ee Frnat the bye-laws oF a Municipal Comyni Hee Changing a Poegeni bed Fee on the wholesale dealer Wag an ovedera by A Bute authonity Covtteavened Betcle 190109) Bye-lavw93 OF Municipal Committee Z Cha pging Fee Foam Wholegale dealer snvalid.Tcage ReRrenece NOo-2 Jy, Svi Ram VQ . TRE NohRed Anea Committee [LOIR 1952 se ne] * feld— A Foe lavied unden oF the Ue Municipalifes Bek . 1919, wog held 70 be invalid, 7 @O- Other, BUlhowities — eee ss € Reginteted Intenpitction) To give a.vider dimensionto FR , the judiclawy hag interpreted ‘state im diFForwent content at diFFopent hmes. fi a Poinciple or Bde} ugder Genenig I cage Reference 2 1 University of Madnag MB Santa Rai [PIR 1984 Mad. eT) Beld-s the Madnag, th&h Court, evolved the Prineip te oF _ejugdem Fonenty » that "a4OF the WKe nedcste , Tre Could only means QuthoniHe, oF a WKE neti thet 1g Sjusdem gonenis . He Could OMn\Y mean an Devernmentul ond rove Ibeould not iInelude SUCH a3 Oniverc! Thonihes exewais) ne- nelgn Posen - PLOAON, Hush] OUNIe mat bai ‘yy Stute, “e hn Tn, VOTE WIEST NBM Ulfam Bai Vg : State oF UP PIR 1962 Ge lo2 elds i. 9 | me Count wejected +he principle OF ejugdem generis. It observed that thene 1g no Common. _- a i '* eenug between the authoritieg mentoned im Srtcle 19, Cage’ REF Ferenao — 5 —_—~—_n eae In, Rajasthan State Elochsici ty Boand a VL Mohan tal “Tair 196% sc 1857] Held- Me Supneme Count heldt e tute , it 1g not Mecenss, |~ Ahanity must be OF governmental or that to b that the au per mor ming- : govercign Funehons. Dt. Should — - m | a) Be cheated by Constitubion | oF India. Ctedisd x (i). Have powere YO MAKE lane onihes usit inetde —_ Raj Bleeiricity tes 7 (Rajasthan Elwetnicity Boand V3 Mohan lg ® [Cochin Deveson Boand CNamboodnipad v.g cochin Devoy Boom —> GD [Co-openedive Sociehy), (dUKhoR am vg. Co-openahve AD 1 Bo crely Oh. Auth |r boves —~7 Cone ReFerenooe— t eee Sukhdev. | pa ie Bhagochoa mn (Air 1195S 1629°] Held that, OthOre ein authori beg—————~_ errant Includes - “7 ON mand natunal Gag Commmisgion (onac ) =r Vito \Inbunance Conporcition (Lic) —y \ndusinial Finance corporation Gre) 7 Cone Reference — bt Noe Gr | The tnlernedional), Bireport Puthoriby LER 1939 $0 le28 treld— [Sughce Bnagbali| held thot \Fa body 1g an ageney 1 oP : ‘a iraeamental! ty OF Grovl. jt may be an authooity with in the meaning oF Prokele 12 Wherner ibiga Stocutory A compowochon . moversnment Company Regigtened Soc ioky .> Test do Delerpmine. Wherhen co Body ag an agency on L nghournentality of the StekO - in Me aforesaid cage, Count laid down Follousing Case ——~" r3U) me ertine Shane Capital o¢ the Copporetion 1g held by Giovt, Gy exigtenee oF doop and popvasive stata control . Corfe) W THE Funchong OF the Corpor aw oF publica Importance and. related to Governmental Funeke Wa deparshment oF Govermei 12 tmangeerred to Corporatio Y) whether the Comporation , anioWs Monopoly States which 12 State Conferened Gre Stale protected. : —7 Cove RofFerence—@ vy [PePv.ing the aFronegard Catt nal 9 , ‘ “Som Prakagh . t ' va Onion. eI CE Addo.Py Ine “Oxpresvion rnelude The Court held that, other authori tes’? would AN Stututany © r congttubhonal authonites) on Whom powers ees | ConFered faye the purpose OF COPY! ry | Commercial achvihes or bodies ; Created Hr the pUnpare oF Promohng CeorOMIe cokivi h'et.anbediarcrected Che” authomifes wag not only Combined to Stedutony eonponaton clone! but would include a government Company ; 1 mogigtered soctely, 6S . C hodteg which had s0me Nexus faith Government. ; poe eee Rjay teasia VB Kotid Muib . [rig toate 427) Held-> 1b hag been held Thabo Society yeogigreaed und ero the [gocieh eg RO! Tahoe. AS 21938 1g an tagoney' ge tea ghoumenterll’y oF the state? and nence a state & frotele (2.® Pruthan i bes Under the Comte) - oF the Government OF Tnrda All aneas pukside Indian tern to, buk which wad Under ov may Cow, / under the Contnool of The Hovenn mer OF India, GUCh Of morndceatony on tyugtee Horr i toie. Such & torniby, may Come under tncdiarg Combo | by inteonectional. ogreements- Such f may ag algo Claim the benifk or ep * Suanantee in pant OT. . IW Cage Refenence—-lO EE 7e 8 2s eS i a ten Boand oF Cnickel fon Control th India. @® ns ee Tete reg Tk. I< Union oF India. [aie 2008 Sc 267F] ateld 2 Ape estit! neta: _ Principle: Laid dousn in Ajay Hagia (aera ee A22 ane not negid seb Prineipleg. c ~ . Cage woh The Question in each ‘i Che avai whether in tho ligne Be ee ae Cum Ulechue Frobg ; ‘ 9 WR LE kaloli Sh +2 body (4 Financially Seechy A eae cH aeAdminighsaHuely dominoted by on” under dne Control oF the hroversnment. In the present Coge ,BECT Wag nok Found by @ount to ho state ag throb Weg not cheated by amy Stutwe ron , Wag part of tno Sheavee Capltal nold by Hho Govt —> ta Is Dudiciavy Include in the Wond Clute —— en _LLELESOOESEeeeeeEeere- ooeom—™=»S e- Dr America, it ig well- Settled thot the ictary 12 Within the prohibi- es a Nath Amendment . Whe Judiciany iia sald though hot expressly Mentioned in Achele 12 13 should be (cluded udithin the expression Others authani Hey Since Coil? ara Sokup by Stare and eK EVeci ze by Laud . —Seeekeaseneecn? °Y in Naneth . Ve Chale OF Mohanastra . [pin 1967 se 1] Held — PE wog hald tert oven iF a Count ig the state, a writ under Prcle 32 Cannot be tasucd +o a thenCount oF the Cempetent Duvisdniohon agamngt ibe Judicial Ondeng weeauge guech orders Cannot ba, aid to vidlote tna Fundamontel ienige> Coge RofFenenca—'!2. EOS in) AR. Botuloy. Vis RS. Prayous J) O1IR lage ge isel Held- 14+ warn held thot Court dt Could not pass on onder oe 1842 a dineehen Which Would he violohyue of Funda monkol Righhs 1b can las aid tHrok tno OEP IROKST OVA 6 Sterko 2 Ineluoles Judi ary Os3o , ES conclusion — j SeeoneeeESEDS