English
Tense
Lecture No.- 01 Bhragu Kulshrestha Sir
Topics to be Covered
Topic Tense
Topic Uses of Tense
Slide
Topic : Time and Tense
Topic : Time and Tense
Topic : Time and Tense
Present Simple
• Form of verb- V1/(V1+s/es), Do/does, is/am/are, has/have.
• When there is no other main verb in the sentence is/am/are,
has/have; work like main verb in the sentence in present
simple tense.
• To indicate permanent fact/truth or proverb
Fortune Favours the brave
Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh.
Present Simple
• To indicate habitual action or habit
Everyday, I go to the office by bus.
The firm publishes their company magazine every month.
I go to temple regularly
• Note: In these type of sentences we can see;
• Always, generally, normally, seldom, sometimes, rarely,
never, daily or every etc.
2 mins Summary
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English
Tense
Lecture No.- 02 Bhragu Kulshrestha Sir
Topics to be Covered
Topic Tense
Topic Uses of Tense
Slide
Present Simple
3. To indicate the past that has become fact in present.
Aurangzeb marches his army towards Agra.
Rebels attack government buildings.
4. To indicate the future which is pre-defined.
• Mr. Modi will visit Nepal.
• Mr. Modi Visits Nepal.
• Mr. Modi Visits Nepal next week.
5. To indicate the poetic expressions.
For ex- Keats says, “ A thing of beauty is a joy forever.”
Present Simple
6. If two parts of a sentence are like that one indicates the
condition and the other result ; to present the condition we
use present simple tense and to present the result we use
future tense.
For ex- If you come tomorrow, I will teach you.
If it rains tomorrow, we will not play the match
• यदि कल बारिश होगी तो हम मैच नही ीं खेलेंगे
• यदि कल आप आओगे तो मैं आपको पढ़ाऊँगा
Present Continuous
Form of verb- is/am/are+(V1+ing)
1. To indicate the work that is going on while speaking/live action.
Sangeeta sings a song right now.
Sangeeta is singing a song right now.
The person you are trying to reach is currently speak to someone
else
Note: Generally, these sentence can be followed with words like-
now, now a days, these days, at the moment etc.
Time and Tense
• Raju is knowing you
• Rose is liking sweets
• This box is containing my books
• This book is belonging to me.
• Rajni is wanting your books
• This bike is costing Rs 1 lakh
• I am having a car
• She is having lunch
• They are having fun in New Delhi
• She has two daughters
• Ronit is having a cup of coffee
Time and Tense
• This dish smells good
• This dish is smelling bad
• I think it is a good idea
• I am thinking of meeting her
• I feel cold in December
• I am feeling cold (Health)
Time and Tense
• Below are the verbs they generally represent some state hence
they are not used in continuous or perfect continuous tense.
See, hear, smell, notice, taste, please, prefer, desire, want,
wish, care, hate, like, dislike, admire, love, know, mean,
suppose, remember, realize, recall, recollect, refuse, forget,
mind, understand, have, own, possess, consist, seem,
resemble, appear, let, sound, owe, cost, require, detest etc.
Present Perfect
• Form of verb – has/have + v3
• India has got freedom in 1947
• India has got freedom
• India got freedom in 1947
2 mins Summary
Topic
Topic
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English
Tense
Lecture No.- 03 Bhragu Kulshrestha Sir
Topics to be Covered
Topic Tense
Topic Uses of Tense
Slide
Present Perfect
• Form of verb – has/have + v3
• मैं उसे जानता हूँ
• मैं उसे बचपन से जनता हूँ
Present Perfect
• Roshini has qualified the exam in 2021.
• Gauri has come here two days ago.
• They have fought the battle of buxar.
Present Perfect Continuous
• Form of verb- Has/Have+Been+(V1+ing)
• If we include time of continuation in present continuous tense it
become present perfect continuous tense.
For ex- John is teaching us mathematics since 2020
Present continuous + Time of continuation = PPC
Present Perfect Continuous
• Since For
Past Simple
Form of verb- V2/ did , was/were, had.
If there is no other main verb in past simple tense was/were, had work like
main verb in the sentence.
For ex- I had a car when I was in Nainital
1. To indicate the completed action of past at certain moment or point.
For ex- Once there was a king. I received this letter yesterday.
Note: Ago, once, once upon a time, yesterday, last week/month/day/year
etc. indicates this tense.
Past Simple
Past Simple
2. To indicate the habitual action of past
For ex- Popatlal always carried an umbrella with him.
Note: Consider the following examples thoroughly.
I visited Rampur with my family
I used to visit Rampur with my family
I visited Rampur with my family every year.
Past Simple
3. We use simple past tense to indicate the imaginary action of
past by adding words like- if, if only, I wish, as if, as though etc.
For ex- It’s about/high time you cleaned your room.
If only I were rich.
He looks as if he were my boss.
He behaves as though he were a minister.
Past Continuous
• Form of verb- was/were+ (V1+ing)
• To indicate the continuous action of past.
• For ex- I was playing chess when he came.
Past Perfect
• Form of verb- Had+V3
Past Perfect Continuous
Form of verb- Had+been+(V1+ing)
If we include time of continuation(till past) in past continuous
tense it becomes past perfect continuous tense.
For ex- They were tired because they had been working for a
long time.
Conditional Sentences
• Zero conditional
• First conditional
2 mins Summary
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English
Tense
Lecture No.- 04 Bhragu Kulshrestha Sir
Topics to be Covered
Topic Tense
Topic Uses of Tense and Questions
Slide
Topic : Time and Tense
Mohan had had breakfast before he left for his office
Conditional Sentences
• Zero conditional
• First conditional
• Second conditional
• Third conditional
If you heat ice, it melts.
When the sun goes down, it gets dark.
If you go tomorrow, I will cook for you.
If I were you, we would win the match
If I had bought a phone, I would have lent it to you.
Future Tense
• Future simple- will/shall+v1
• Future continuous- will/shall+be+(V1+ing)
• Future perfect- will/shall+have+V3
• Future perfect continuous-
will/shall+have+been+(V1+ing)
Sequence of Tense
Sequence of Tense
Sequence of Tense
Sequence of Tense
• Kumar came, saw and found his cat dead.
• Raju left his school and starts his own business
• Swati is young, owned nothing but runs a good business
Fill in the blank
• If the players had played well, they ____ the match.
a. Won
b. Would have won
c. Win
d. Would win
Answer is B
Choose the Correct
a. Kranti brushed her teeth every night
b. Kranti brushes her teeth every night
c. Kranti is brushing her teeth every night
d. Both A and B
Choose the Correct
a. While we were having dinner, lights went out
b. While we had dinner, lights goes out
c. While we were having dinner, lights gone out
d. none
Fill in the blank
• Two years ago we _____ a Monday at Mt. Abu.
a. Spend
b. Were spending
c. Spent
d. Will spend
Answer is C
Choose the Correct
a. She did not open the door because she had washed her hair.
b. She did not open the door because she washed her hair.
c. She did not open the door because she was washing her hair.
d. None
Fill in the blank
• We ____ for half an hour when the other team arrived.
a. Waited
b. Have been waiting
c. Had been waiting
d. were waiting
Answer is C
Choose the Correct
a. The banks don’t open on Sunday
b. The banks had not opened on Sunday
c. The banks are not opening on Sunday.
d. none
Choose the Correct
a. She has scored a century a week ago.
b. She has scoring a century before a week.
c. She scored a century a week ago.
d. None
Choose the Correct
a. I know her since 1995.
b. I knew her since 1995.
c. I have known her since 1995.
d. None
Fill in the blank
• Bobby played volleyball when he ____ ten.
a. Had been
b. Is
c. Was being
d. Was
Answer is D
Choose the Correct
a) After she had rested for a while she started on her journey.
b) After she rested for a while she started on her journey.
c) After she rested for a while she had started on her journey.
d) none
Choose the Correct
a. For the last six months I am working on the thesis.
b. For the last six months I was being working on the thesis.
c. For the last six months I have worked on the thesis.
d. none
Choose the Correct
a. I have been writing six letters since morning.
b. I have written six letters since morning
c. I am writing six letters since morning
d. none
Error Detection
• It is high time (a) you are starting this work, (b) my friend said to
me. (c) No error (d)
Error Detection
• I have come to know (a) that your father (b) has died last
week. (c) No error (d)
Error Detection
• Meera says that she will take (a) her rain coat in case (b) it will
rain tomorrow. (c) No error (d)
Error Detection
• I will let you know (a) as soon as I will get any information (b)
about your promotion. (c) No error (d)
Error Detection
• I have been knowing Mr. Kumar (a) for ten years but I don’t know
(b) where he works or lives. (c) No error (d)
Error Detection
• Mr. Tripathi has been working (a) for this organization (b) since
the last two years. (c) No error (d)
2 mins Summary
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THANK - YOU
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