Using APA Style
5th edition of APA's Publication Manual
Mr Chang Tiam Chau 1 Senior Librarian
Contents
APA Books Available in UTAR Libraries Why Should You Acknowledge Your Sources? Why Use APA Style? Citation Reference in the Text Reference List Free APA Converter Converting to APA Style Using Proquest Free APA Interactive Tutorial
APA Publication Manual
The material in this guide is not a comprehensive list of all the types of materials can be cited. For complete and thorough information about using APA style, go straight to the source. Copies of the Publication Manual of the APA are available in Red-Spot and Open Shelf collections in all libraries.
The Call Number is BF76.7.P83 2001
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Open Shelf Red Spot 1 1
FAS
1 2
FICT
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FAM
1 1
FES
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Other APA Books Available in Library
Mastering APA Style: Instructor's Resource Guide
Call number: BF76.8.G453 2002
FAS - 1 in Red-Spot FAM - 1 in Red-Spot, 5 in Open Shelf
Mastering APA Style: Student's Workbook and Training Guide Call number: BF76.8.G45 2002 FAS - 1 in Red-Spot FAM - 1 in Red-Spot, 5 in Open Shelf
Other APA Books Available in Library
Concise rules of APA style Call number: BF76.8.S98 2002
FAS 1 in Reference
Writing with style: APA style made easy Call number: BF76.8.S98 2002 FAS 1 in Red-Spot, 2 in Open Shelf
Other APA Books Available in Library
Writing with style : APA style for counseling
Call number: BF76.8.S98 2002
FAS 1 in Red-Spot, 1 in Open Shelf
How to Prepare a Research Article in APA Style
FAM - On order 2 copies
Web Site for APA http://apastyle.apa.org
Frequently Asked Questions -Online guidelines for commonly asked questions concerning electronic references.
- If your question involves more complex expressions of writing, visit the APA style tips
- Tips on specific questions
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Why should you acknowledge your sources?
Citations reflect the careful and thorough work you have put into locating and exploring your sources Citations are a courtesy to the reader, who may share your interest in a particular area of scholarship By citing sources, then, you demonstrate your integrity and skill as a responsible participant in the conversation of scholarship Failure to provide adequate citations constitutes 8 plagiarism!
When to Cite a Source
When you quote directly
When the information is not a common knowledge
Why Use APA Style?
This is the most common format for documenting sources This format is widely used for course papers and journal articles in psychology and also in the social sciences, education, engineering, and business
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Part 1: APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Use of a parenthetical reference system in the text of the paper Tied to an alphabetical References list (located at the end of your paper) Use author-date system of citation
All in-text parenthetical references must correspond to a source cited in 11 the References list.
APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
One Work by One Author
Reference in the text: According to Taylor (2000), the personalities of In a study of personalities and character (Taylor, 2000) (p.207-208)
References (at the end of your paper) Taylor, M. M. (2000). Study of personalities and character. Journal of Psychology, 93 (1), 257-267.
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APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
One Work by One Author (Cont.)
Cite by author and year only even when reference includes month or date:
Reference in the text:
Mak (2006) found workers are happier References (at the end of your paper) Mak, J. (2006, October 4). More public holidays for workers. The Star, p. N6.
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APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
One Work by Two authors
(p. 208) Always cite both names every time the reference occurs in text. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text Use "&" in the parentheses: Reference in the text: Serlin and Lapsley (1985) discovered the problems A survey on the problems in (Serlin & Lapsley, 1985) References (at the end of your paper) Serlin, R. C., & Lapsley, D. K. (1985). Rationality in psychological research: The good-enough principle. American Psychologist, 40, 73-83.
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APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
One Work by Multiple authors (3-5 authors)
Reference in the text: Skinner, Cornell, Sun, and Harlow, 1993 did a survey on (Use as 1st citation in text) Skinner et al. (1993) found (Use as subsequent 1st citation per paragraph thereafter) Skinner et al. also found (Omit year from subsequent citations after 1st citation within a paragraph) References (at the end of your paper) Skinner, M. E., Cornell, R. C., Sun, K. F., & Harlow, R. P. (1993). Small group learning, Psychological Bulletin, 26, 57-63. (p.208)
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APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Six or More Authors (p. 209)
For works with 6 or more authors, the 1st citation & subsequent citations use first author et al. and year. et al means and others
Reference in the text: Wolchik et al. (2000) studied the use of (In the reference list, provide the initials and surnames of the 1st six authors, and shorten any remaining authors to et al.) References (at the end of your paper)
Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theorytheorybased mother and mothermother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843843-856. 16
APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Groups as Authors
(p. 209-210)
Write down corporate author in full every time if the abbreviation is NOT common. e.g., (University of Pittsburg, 1998) If group author is easily identified by its abbreviation, you may abbreviate the name in the second and subsequent citations: 1st citation: Ministry of Education [MOE], 2001) Subsequent text citation: (MOE, 2001)
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APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Works With No Author
(p. 210-211)
Cite the first few words of the reference list entry Usually the title of the article or newspaper And the year Use and italics Reference in the text:
Many mentally ill drinkers seek the help from (Alcohol and the risk, 2006).
References (at the end of your paper) Alcohol and the risk of cancer. (2006, October 10). The Straits Times, p. 32.
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APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Authors With the Same Surname
(p. 211)
Use initials with the last names if your reference list includes two or more authors with the same last name.
Reference in the text: Research by J. Young (1989) revealed that . . . Survey by E. Young (1990) proved that References (at the end of your paper) Young, J. (1989). The Purification Plan. New York: Rodale Books. Young, E. (1990). Caring for the Vulnerable. London:
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Jones and Bartlett.
APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Personal Communication (p. 214)
Interviews, memos, letters, e-mail, and similar unpublished person-to-person communications should be cited as follows: Reference in the text:
One of Atkinsons colleagues, who has studied the effect of the media on childrens eating habits, has contended that advertisers or snack foods will need to design ads responsibly for their younger viewers (F. Johnson, personal communication, October 20, 2004).
References (at the end of your paper) Do not include personal communications in your reference list.
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APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Secondary Sources (p. 247)
Give the secondary source in the reference list; In text, name the original work, and give a citation for the secondary source.
Reference in the text:
Irene and Johns study (as cited in Tornhill, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993)
References (at the end of your paper) Tornhill, M., Curtis, B. Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributedprocessing approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 58921
608.
APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Quotations (p.117-119) - Short Quotes (< 40 words)
Directly quote - include the author, year of publication,
and the page number Reference in the text: According to Jones (2004), " Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).
References (at the end of your paper) Jones, L. (2004). How to research. London: Open University Press.
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APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Quotations (p.117-119) - Long Quotes (> 40 words)
Do not use Use block form, indent 5 spaces for entire quote Use double space Use to indicate omitted words
Reference in the text:
We agree with Obrue (2002), who concluded:
Neurofeedback is perhaps best viewed not as an alternative to conventional psychopharmacological agents but rather(p. 8).
References (at the end of your paper) Obrue, K. (2002). Neurofeedback practice. New York:
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McGraw-Hill.
Part 2: Formatting Your Reference List
The Basics
- APA requires a hanging indent for its citations - Please be sure to use double space citations - Documents only sources used in research and preparation - Alphabetize the works
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Pay Specific Attention to
- Consistency in how you apply APA - Punctuation (period, comma, semi-colon) - Location and publisher for books - Volume, issue and page numbers for articles - Complete and correct information - Spelling
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Reference List Order
Alphabetical by authors name Chronological by same author Alphabetical by title
Same author, same year, different title: Alleyne, R. Alleyne, R. L. L. (2004a). Managing information (2004b). Multimedia management
Same author, different year: Hewlett, L. S. (2005). Critical thinking about Hewlett, L. S. (2006). Doing quantitative research Alphabetize the prefix M, Mc and Mac literally, not as if they were all spelled Mac. Disregard the apostrophe. MacArthur, B. A. (2000). Problems and promises McAllister, G. J. (2000). Choice and the relative
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Reference List
Personal Names (p. 224)
English Names: Invert all authors names. Patrick, Kiger Kiger, P.
Chinese Names: Enter under surname. Lim Swee Hong Lim, S. H. Wang, W. P. L.
Wendy Wang Pei Lyn
Malay Names: Enter first element of the name. Mohamad Yazid Idris Mohamad, Y. I.
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Reference List Personal Names (Cont.)
Indian Names: Enter first element of the name. Ganesan a/l Segaran Others Gustav K. Von Schulthess Schulthess, G. K. Von. Ganesan, S.
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Publisher Information
Give city and state if city is not well known or ambiguous (US postal code 2-letter)
e.g., Hillsdale, NJ or Cambridge, MA
spell out other countries
e.g., Oxford, England: Blackwell
Spell out name of publisher especially associations, corporations, university presses Leave out terms like Publisher, Co, Inc.
Retain terms like Books, Press
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More Than One Publisher Location
Use the first one, if the book lists more than one publisher location
New York, London: MacMillan Cite as New York: MacMillan
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Book Reference
Single Author (p. (p. 248) 248)
General Format
Author, A. (Year). Title of book. Location: Publisher.
Zautra, A. (2006). Emotions, stress, and health. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Book Reference
Single Author (Cont.) (Cont.) When the author and publisher are identical, use the word "Author" as the name of the publisher.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
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Book Reference
Multiple Authors (p. (p. 240) 240)
When a work has up to (and including) six authors, cite all authors.
3 authors Playfair, J. H., Gardner, M., & Bancroft, G. J. (2004). Infection and immunity. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6 authors
Roeder, K., Howdeshell, J., Fulton, L., Lochhead, M., Craig, K., Peterson, R. (1967). Nerve cells and insect behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
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University Press.
Book Reference
Corporate Author (p. (p. 248-249) 248-249)
General Format
Corporate Author. (Year). Title of book. Location: Publisher.
Institute of Banking & Finance. (2006). Managing personal fund. Toronto: Midwestern.
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Book Reference
No Author (p. (p. 249) 249)
Begin with title. Titles of books are italicized.
General Format
Title of book. (Year). Place of publication: Publisher.
Education Handbook. (2005). London: Longman.
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Edited Book Reference(p. 249)
General Format
Editor, A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of book. Location: Publisher.
One editor:
Michael, G. (Ed.). (1988). Psycholinguistics. Beijing: Peking University Press.
More than one editor
Grice, H., & Gregory, R. (Eds.). (1968).
Early language development. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
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Later Edition Book Reference(p. 249)
General Format
Author, A. (Year). Title of book (2nd ed.). Location: Publisher.
Skinner, E. (2003). Women and the national experience (2nd ed.). New York: Longman.
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Non-English Book Reference(p. 251)
General Format
Author, A. (Year). Original Title. [Translated Title], Location: Publisher.
Piaget, J., Inhelder, B. (1951). La genese de Iidee de hasard chez Ienfant [The origin of the idea of chance in the child]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
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English Translation of A Book(p. 251)
General Format
Author, A. (Year). Book title (Name of translators).Location: Publisher. (Original work published 1814) Laplace, P.S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F.W. Truscott & F. L. Emory,
Trans.). New York: Dover. (Original work published 1814)
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Book Chapter Reference(p. 252-254)
General Format
Article Author. (Year). Article Title. In Book Editor(s), Book Title (page numbers). Location: Publisher.
Blaxter, Blaxter, L. L. (1996). (1996). Thinking Thinking about about research. research. In In R. R. A. How to to research research A. Lillian Lillian & & J. J. F. F. Rebecca Rebecca (Eds.), (Eds.), How (pp. (pp. 19-25). 19-25). Buckingham: Buckingham: Open Open University University Press. Press.
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Journal Article Reference(p. 240)
One One Author Author
General Format
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Vol(no), pages. McGill, K. (2006). Reading the valley: performance as a rhetoric of dimension, Text and Performance Quarterly, 26(4), 389-404.
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Journal Article Reference(p. 240)
Two Two Authors Authors
List all authors with & preceding last author.
Racette, A., & Bard, C. (2006). Making nonfluent aphasics speak. Journal of Logic and Computation, 18, 27-45.
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Journal Article Reference
(p. 240-241)
More Than Six Authors
After 6th author name, use et al.
Bjokr, R. N. Auerbach, J. S., Piaget, J., Tein, J. Y., Kwok, O. M., Haine, R. A., et al. (2003). Classroom Interaction in Science: Teacher questioning and feedback to students' responses. International
Journal of Science Education, 63, 57-60.
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Magazine Article Reference
(p. 241-242)
General Format
Author, A. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Title of Magazine, volume if given, page-numbers.
Reppel, F. G. (2003, February 13). Conflict and cognitive control. Natural Science,
33, 969-970.
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Proceedings of Meeting & Symposia
(p. 259-260))
General Format
Author, A. (Year). Article Title. Proceedings Title. Location: Publisher. Volume, Pages. Cynx, J., William, H., & Nottebohm, F. (1992). Hemispheric differences in avian song discrimination. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. London: MacMillan. 89,
1372-1375.
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Unpublished Thesis Reference
(p. 260-262)
General Format
Author, A. (Year). Title of thesis. Unpublished level thesis. University, Place. Kondo, T. (1991). The making of a corporate
elite adult targeted comic magazines of Japan. Unpublished masters thesis. McGill
University, Canada.
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Newspaper Article Reference
(p. 242-243)
General Format
Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title
of Newspaper, pages.
Lee, S. (2006, October 3). Malaysia off the priority watch list for pirated movies, music. New Straits Times, p. 6.
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Web Page Reference
Electronic Copy of a Journal Article Retrieved from Database (p. 279)
General Format
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Vol (no), pages. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from source.
Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycARTICLES database.
Web Page Reference
Article in an Internet-only Journal (p. 272)
Article does not appear in print journal or magazine
General Format Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, vol (no), pages. Retrieved Month Day,Year, from source
Pelling, N. (2002, May 5). The use of technology in career counseling. Journal of Technology in Counseling, 2(2). Retrieved December 16, 2004, from http://jtc.colstate.edu/vol2_2/pelling.htm
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Web Page Reference
Stand-alone Document, No Author Identified, No Date (p. 274)
General Format
Title. (n.d.). Retrieved Month Day,Year, from source.
What I did today. (n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2002, from http://www.cc.mystory.life/ blog/didtoday.html
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General Instructions for Preparing the Paper Manuscript
(See Chapter Five for Details & Handouts)
1. Paper One side of standard-sized (A4). 2. Typeface Preferred 12-pt Times Roman. 3. Double-spacing leave one full-size line blank between each line 4. Margins margins of at least 1 in. (2.54 cm) at the top, bottom, left and right of every page. 5. Line length and alignment - maximum line length 6.5 in. (16.51 cm). - Do not justify lines, use the flush-left style. - Do not divide words at the end of a line, and do not use the hyphenation function to break words at the ends of lines. 6. Number of lines Not more than 27 lines of text. 51 p. 283-320
Free APA Style Converter
For preparing your references in APA style Just enter the bibliographic information in the columns e.g., author, title, publisher, etc. The concerning APA citation will be generated
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Free APA Style Converter
Step 1: Go to http://www.noodletools.com
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Free APA Converter
Step 2: Click NoodleBib Express
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Free APA Converter
Step 3: Click APA
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Free APA Converter
Step 4: Click Select a citation type
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Free APA Converter
Step 5: Click Journal
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Free APA Converter
Step 6: Click Continue
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Free APA Converter
Step 7: Select Print
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Free APA Converter
Step 8: Click A basic journal article
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Free APA Converter
Step 9: Enter Name of journal, Title and Author of article
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Free APA Converter
Step 10: Enter Page, Volume, Issue Number, Date then click Generate
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Free APA Converter
Step 11: Result
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Converting to APA Style Using Proquest
Step 1: Go to Proquest Database under Library OPAC Step 2: Enter search terms
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Converting to APA Style Using Proquest
Step 3: Result screen
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Converting to APA Style Using Proquest
Step 4: Click the box besides the article
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Converting to APA Style Using Proquest
Step 5: For Format, choose Citation Only Step 6: For Citation style, choose APA Step 7: Click Print
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Converting to APA Style Using Proquest
Step 8: Edit the citation accordingly
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Free APA Interactive Tutorial
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Free APA Interactive Tutorial
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Free APA Interactive Tutorial
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Free APA Interactive Tutorial
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