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Sindroma Dalam Psikiatri: Yuliana Ratna Wati

This document discusses psychiatric syndromes, including psychotic and depressive syndromes. It describes the clinical description of psychotic syndromes, which include symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and distortions of reality. It also outlines the symptoms of mania and depression, including symptoms like euphoric or irritable mood, distractibility, insomnia, grandiosity, flight of ideas, talkativeness, recklessness, and changes in appetite, psychomotor activity, and concentration. Anxiety syndromes are also summarized, noting symptoms like motor tension, autonomic hyperactivity, hypervigilance, and impairments in daily functioning.

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Ayi Abdul Basith
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94 views23 pages

Sindroma Dalam Psikiatri: Yuliana Ratna Wati

This document discusses psychiatric syndromes, including psychotic and depressive syndromes. It describes the clinical description of psychotic syndromes, which include symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and distortions of reality. It also outlines the symptoms of mania and depression, including symptoms like euphoric or irritable mood, distractibility, insomnia, grandiosity, flight of ideas, talkativeness, recklessness, and changes in appetite, psychomotor activity, and concentration. Anxiety syndromes are also summarized, noting symptoms like motor tension, autonomic hyperactivity, hypervigilance, and impairments in daily functioning.

Uploaded by

Ayi Abdul Basith
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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YULIANA RATNA WATI

SINDROMA DALAM PSIKIATRI


SINDROMA PSIKOTIK

 Psikotik :
adalah sekumpulan gejala yg ditandai
gangguan dalam :
 kapasitas mental

 respon afektif

 kapasitas mengenal realitas

 berkomunikasi

 berhubungan dengan orang lain


DESKRIPSI KLINIS PSIKOTIK

 Sindroma yg terdiri dari :


 waham
 halusinasi

 disorganized speech

 disorganized behavior

 gross distortions of reality testing


SYMPTOMS OF MANIA

Figure 3
The most reliable and useful
Manic Criterion is decreased
need for Sleep
Manic Episode
I. EUPHORIC MOOD ( + ≥ 3 C.S
OF MANIA) OR IRRITABLE
MOOD ( + ≥ 4 C.S OF MANIA)
II. CARDINAL SYMPTOMS OF
MANIA

DIG FAST
D istractability ( ≠ Fokus)
I nsomnia (need for sleep )
G randiosity
F light of ideas
A ctivities (goal directed activities)
S peech (talkativeness)
T hougtlessness (pleasure activities, no
judgment)
(1.) Sexual indiscretion
(2.) Reckless driving
(3.) Spending sprees
(4.) Sudden traveling
Figure 4
Figure 5
Hypomania = Mania – (Social
or occupational dysfunction)
MIXED Type
(Dysphoric Mania)

● Full Criteria for Mania


• a Few Depressive Symptoms
MIXED Type
(Agitated Depression)

● Full Criteria for Depression


• a Few Manic Symptoms
SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION

Figure 1
DEPRESSIVE EPISODE
 Depressed Mood or Anhedonia (≥2 weeks)
 Neurovegetative Symptoms (≥ 4)

SIG E CAPS
S leep ( or )
I nterest (Anhedonia)
G uilt
E nergy ( )
C oncetration ( )
A ppetite ( or )
Psychomotor Changes (retartation or agitation)
S uicide
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
(MDD)

Characterized by a single or recurrent major depressive episode (s).


Figure 2
Subtypes of Depressive Syndroms

1. Typical ( sleep & energy )


2. A typical ( sleep & energy )
3. Psychotic (delusions & Halusinations +)
4. Melancholic (Typical & Anhedonia ++)
CEMAS
 NORMAL :
- “sinyal”  memperingatkan akan adanya bahaya yg
mengancam
- membuat sso mampu melakukan tindakan utk
mengatasi ancaman tsb (antisipasi)
- mis. khawatir gagal  mempersiapkan diri sebaik2nya
 PATOLOGIS
- rasa khawatir >>, gugup, tegang
- aktivitas sistem saraf otonom 
(jantung berdebar, keringat dingin, gemetar,
mules/mual, sering kencing, dll)
- mengganggu fungsi kehidupan sehari-hari
SINDROMA CEMAS
 Adanya perasaan cemas atau khawatir yang tidak realistik
terhadap 2 atau lebih hal yang dipersepsi sebagai ancaman
 Perasaan ini menyebabkan seseorang tidak mampu istirahat
dengan tenang
 ketegangan motorik
hiperaktivitas otonom
kewaspadaan berlebih
 Hendaya dalam fungsi kehidupan sehari-hari
Ketegangan motorik

 kedutan otot, gemetar


 otot tegang, kaku, pegal
 tidak bisa diam, gelisah
Hiperaktivitas otonomik

 nafas pendek, terasa berat


 jantung berdebar-debar
 telapak tangan basah-dingin
 mulut kering
 kepala pusing, rasa melayang
 mual, mencret, perut tak enak
 muka panas, badan menggigil
 BAB lebih sering
 sukar menelan, rasa tersumbat
Kewaspadaan berlebihan

 perasaan lebih peka / sensitif


 mudah terkejut / kaget
 sulit konsentrasi
 sulit tidur
 mudah tersinggung
Hendaya dalam fungsi kehidupan sehari-hari

 penurunan kemampuan kerja


 hubungan sosial
 perawatan diri

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