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Communication

This document discusses communication skills important for nurses. It describes the helping relationship between nurses and clients, which aims to help clients manage problems and become more self-sufficient. Key aspects of this relationship include caring, empathy, and comforting. The phases of a helping relationship are also outlined, including preinteraction, introductory, working, and termination phases. Various nursing skills are described for each phase. Finally, the document discusses therapeutic communication as a means to promote understanding between nurses and clients through attentive listening and responding to both words and feelings.

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574 views25 pages

Communication

This document discusses communication skills important for nurses. It describes the helping relationship between nurses and clients, which aims to help clients manage problems and become more self-sufficient. Key aspects of this relationship include caring, empathy, and comforting. The phases of a helping relationship are also outlined, including preinteraction, introductory, working, and termination phases. Various nursing skills are described for each phase. Finally, the document discusses therapeutic communication as a means to promote understanding between nurses and clients through attentive listening and responding to both words and feelings.

Uploaded by

DhAiRyA ArOrA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication

Unit I

Nursing 103
Nurses are Healers
Communication: Objectives
 List key characteristics of a nurse/client
helping relationship.
 Define the terms caring and empathy.
 Describe the phases of a helping
relationship.
 Describe types of communication used
nursing care.
 Practice therapeutic communication skills.
The Helping Relationship
 Nurse-Client Relationship referred to as
interpersonal, therapeutic, and helping
 Strives to achieve two major goals
1. Help clients manage their problems in
living more effectively
2. Help clients become more effective at
helping themselves
The Helping Relationship
 Caring
 Comforting
 Communicating
Caring
 Madeleine Leininger (1984): The essence of
nursing and the dominant, distinctive, and
unifying feature of nursing.
 Jean Watson (1985): A set of universal human
values;kindness, concern, love of self and others.
 Miller (1995): “Intentional action that conveys
physical and emotional security and genuine
connectedness to another person…”
Empathy
 Nurses develop attentive listening
 Respond in ways that indicate
understanding of how client feels
 Egan (1998), Empathy “can be seen as an
intellectual process that involves
understanding correctly another person’s
emotional state and point of view”
 Communicate understanding to client.
Comforting
 Morse (1996): A complex process that
includes discrete, transitory actions, such as
listening”
 The comforting process is client-led
 It occurs in response to those cues presented
by a client.
 Clients themselves are attempting personal
comfort—the nurse supports these attempts.
Comfort Needs: Kolcaba
(1991, 1995)
 Physical Comfort  Social Comfort
Relates to Body Relates to interpersonal,
Sensations and medical family, and social
Dx relationships
 Psycho spiritual  Environmental
Comfort Comfort
Self esteem, sexuality, and The external part of the
meaning in their life human experience
Belief in a higher being Cultural Specific
Phases of Helping
 Four sequential phases
 Progress in succession
 Build on the one before
 Nurse needs to identify and understand
these phases
 Able to identify the progress of the
relationship
Preinteraction Phase
 Similar to the planning stage before an
interview
 Nurses have information before the face to
face
 Nurse needs to recognize her own feelings
 Focus on plan for information to be
discussed
Nursing Skills for
Preinteractive Phase
 Organize Data

 Recognize Limitations

 Seek Assistance
Introductory Phase
 Sets the tone for the
rest of the relationship.
 Closely observe each
other and form
judgments about each
others behavior.
 Opening relationship,
clarifying the problem,
building trust.
Nursing Skills for Introductory
Phase
 Put client at ease.
 Use relaxed , attentive  Respectful Culture
attitude.  Concerned
 Not easy for clients to  Maintain
accept help in many Confidentiality
situations.  Mutual participant in
 Resistive Behaviors plan of care
 Develop Trust
Working Phase
 The client and nurse begin to see each other
as unique individuals.
 Begin to explore thoughts and feelings
 Begin to take action to meet goals
 Nurse helps client form long and short term
goals
 Nurse reinforces successes and helps client
to deal realistically with failure.
Nursing Skills for Working
Phase
 Empathetic Listening  Concreteness

 Respect  Confrontation

 Genuineness  Decision making and


Goal setting
Termination Phase
 Nurse and client accept feelings of ending
the relationship
 The client has developed independence and
and has no feelings of anxiety or
dependence
Nursing Skills for Termination
Phase
 Summarize or review  Follow up support
the hospitalization may be needed
with a focus on
accomplishments  Follow up phone calls
 Express feelings about
termination
 Ease clients transition
 Allows time for client to independence
to adjust to
independence
Communication

“Any means of exchanging information or

feelings between two or more people. It is


a basic component of human relationships,

including nursing.”
Communication
 Collect data  The communication
 Initiate Interventions process:
 Evaluate Outcomes  Intended to elicit a
 Initiate Change response
 Sender
 Prevent Legal
Problems  Message
 Receiver
 Response
Modes of Communication
Verbal Mode  Nonverbal Mode
 Pace and Intonation  Personal Appearance
 Simplicity  Posture/Gait
 Clarity  Facial Expression
 Timing and Relevance  Gestures
 Adaptable
 Credible
 Humor
Therapeutic Communication
 Promotes understanding
 Establishes a constructive relationship
between the nurse and the client
 Therapeutic helping relationship is client
and goal directed
 Respond to words and feelings
 Strong emotions require more time
Therapeutic Communication
 Attentive Listening:
 Uses all senses—note key themes
 Most important technique in nursing
 Basic to all other techniques
 Requires energy and concentration
 Receives total message—verbal and
nonverbal
Daily Communication
 80% of working day is spent conversing
 Talking is not the same as communicating
 Be clear and concise
 Let the silence sit
 State your point up front, and back it up
 Be aware of body language
 Good communication takes practice!
“Be a Bridge, Not a Wall”

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