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Unit 19 - Forces And Motion
1) Velocity is a measurement of how fast an object is moving in a particular direction, measured as the change in distance over the change in time. Examples of high velocities include 220 mph and 1600 mph for objects on Earth. 2) Acceleration is the measurement of a change in an object's velocity. If an object speeds up, it has positive acceleration, and if it slows down, it has negative acceleration. Forces cause changes in an object's velocity. 3) Examples are given of positive and negative acceleration, as well as high and low acceleration rates in different motion scenarios like braking in a car or a basketball being thrown into the air.
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Introduction to Forces and Motion, discussing basic concepts in the unit.
Engaging audience to identify descriptive words for object motion.
Explanation of velocity, defining it as speed in a specific direction.
Velocity measurement as distance over time, encouraging examples.
Examples showcasing high velocities, with numerical values: 220 mph, 1600 mph, 17000 mph, and 40000 mph.
Illustrates examples of low velocities: 50 yds/hr (0.03 mph) and 1.2 mph.
Classroom example includes meters per second (m/s) for measuring velocity.
Teaches conversion of meters per second to kilometers per hour, using specific factors.
Questions regarding additional aspects of motion, focusing on speed changes and acceleration.
Introduction to acceleration, defined as a change in velocity.
Visualize how increasing distance relates to acceleration of a moving object.
Defining positive and negative acceleration through examples involving car motion.
Examples of acceleration in different scenarios: astronaut takeoff and drag racing.
Illustrates low negative acceleration as a car rolls to a stop after running out of gas.
Explains zero acceleration at constant velocity, emphasizing stable motion.
Detailed acceleration steps experienced by a thrown basketball at various stages.
Graphical representation and analysis of motion from multiple cars with varying velocities.
Review of key concepts: defining velocity and acceleration related to object motion.
Explains the necessity of force to alter speed or motion status of objects.
Discussion on forces affecting acceleration and deceleration of objects.
Explains factors like friction and gravity that slow down moving objects.
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Unit 19 - Forces And Motion
- 1.
- 2. What words canyou think of to describe the motion of an object?
- 3. VELOCITYThe word scientistsuse to describe how fast an object is moving in a certain direction.
- 4. Velocity is measuredas:a change in distance per change in timechange in distancechange in timeWhat are some things you can think of that are measured like this?
- 5. What are someexamples of objects that move at high velocities?220 mph1600 mph
- 6.
- 7. What are someexamples of lowvelocities?50 yds/hr (.03 mph)1.2 mph
- 8. What units wouldyou use to measure the velocity of an object moving in this classroom?meters per secondmsMeters per second tells us how many meters something can move in one second.
- 9. Converting Velocities1 highway,0 city1 hwy, 0 citym/s into km/hrmsâWhat kind of mileage does this get?â1000 m/km3600 seconds/hrJust take the m/s multiply by 1000 and divide by 3600
- 10.
- 11. What else canwe know about an objectâs motion besides velocity?What if the object speeds up?What if the object slows down?What if the objectâs velocity changes?
- 12. Scientists have aspecial way to measure a change in velocity:AccelerationAcceleration is a change in velocity.
- 13. Visualizing AccelerationHere youcan see how the ball travels a further and further distance each second.That is because its velocity is continuing to increase.
- 14. If youâre speedingup, you have positive acceleration.If youâre slowing down, you have negative acceleration.
- 15. Example:Youâre driving alongin your car and suddenly have to slam on your brakes for a red light. Negative or positive acceleration? High or low acceleration?
- 16.
- 17. Example:Youâre an astronautwaiting in your shuttle for takeoff. Suddenly the rockets fire and youâre on your way. High or low positive or negative acceleration?
- 18. Or you area drag racer
- 19. Answer High positiveacceleration because youâre speeding up quickly.
- 20. Example:Youâre driving downthe highway when your car runs out of gas and you slowly roll to a stop on the side of the road.
- 21. Answer Low negativeacceleration because youâre slowing down slowly.
- 22. Example:You are atcruising speed on the highway. You no longer feel any pressure against the seat or are lurching forward.What is your acceleration?
- 23. Answer Zero, becauseyou are at constant velocityThat velocity can be fast, slow, or not moving at all.
- 24. Challenge Question:You throwa basketball up in the air. It rises to a certain height and then falls back to earth.Describe its accelerationHint: There are multiple steps
- 25. Answer First, highpositive acceleration because it speeds up quickly as it leaves your hand.
- 26. Answer Then, asit rises, low negative acceleration, because it begins to slow down slowly because of gravity.
- 27. Answer At thetop of the arch, it has zero acceleration, because it briefly stops moving upward and has constant velocity.
- 28. Answer As itbegins to fall again, low positive acceleration, because it speeds up slowly.
- 29. Answer Finally, whenyou catch it, high negative acceleration because it slows down very quickly in your hand.
- 30. How Do IGraph the Motion of a Particle?
- 31. Car 1 ismoving with a velocity of 1 m / secThere is zero acceleration
- 32. Car 2 hasconstant velocity throughout at 1 m /secIts acceleration remains zero
- 33. Car 3 hasa changing velocity throughout, finishing at 7 m / secAcceleration is 1 m / sec2
- 34. Quick ReviewVelocity: speedof motion in a directionAcceleration: change in velocityWhat causes an objectâs velocity to change?
- 35. If youâre ridingyour bike and want to speed up, what do you do? If youâre driving a car and want to slow down, what do you do?
- 36. If youâreplaying soccer and want to move the ball, what do you do?Nothing will change speed unless acted upon by a force.If itâs sitting still, it will keep sitting still. If itâs moving fast, it will keep moving fast.
- 37. Only a forcecan change the velocity of an object.That force can act to accelerate itNSF North Mississippi GK-8
- 38. Only a forcecan change the velocity of an object.That force can act to decelerate it
- 39. Then why dothings slow down?Flying balls slow down and eventually stop because of the force of gravity.Cars and bikes eventually slow down and stop because of the force of friction.
- 40. Then why dothings slow down?In space with no friction and no gravity, objects will keep going at the same speed forever without a force to slow them down or speed them up.