🔥 The ultimate collection of AI/ML research papers for Open Radio Access Networks
xApps • DRL • GNN • LLM • Security • Digital Twin • Tools
📢 This repository is actively maintained and updated daily with the latest AI/ML papers in O-RAN!
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🇺🇸 = Conference in USA (Recommended for US-based attendance)
| Conference | Full Name | Date | Location | Submission Deadline | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 OFC 2026 | Optical Fiber Communication Conference | Mar 15-19, 2026 | Los Angeles, CA, USA | Closed | |
| MWC 2026 | Mobile World Congress (O-RAN Summit: Mar 3) | Mar 2-5, 2026 | Barcelona, Spain | N/A | |
| ONDM 2026 | Optical Network Design and Modelling | May 12-15, 2026 | Munich, Germany | Jan 10, 2026 | |
| INFOCOM 2026 | IEEE Int'l Conf. Computer Communications | May 18-21, 2026 | Tokyo, Japan | Dec 8, 2025 (Closed) | |
| NOMS 2026 | IEEE/IFIP Network Operations & Management | May 18-22, 2026 | Rome, Italy | Workshop: Jan 21, 2026 | |
| ICC 2026 | IEEE Int'l Conf. on Communications | May 24-28, 2026 | Glasgow, UK | Workshop: Jan 31, 2026 | |
| 🇺🇸 SIGCOMM 2026 | ACM SIGCOMM Conference | Aug 17-21, 2026 | Denver, CO, USA | Feb 6, 2026 | |
| ECOC 2026 | European Conf. Optical Communication | Sep 20-24, 2026 | London, UK | Mid-April 2026 | |
| 🇺🇸 MILCOM 2026 | IEEE Military Communications Conference | Nov 2026 | Washington, DC, USA | May 15, 2026 | |
| GLOBECOM 2026 | IEEE Global Communications Conference | Dec 7-11, 2026 | Macau, China | Apr 1, 2026 |
💡 Note: OFC and SIGCOMM are the two major conferences in the USA for 2026! MWC Barcelona hosts the O-RAN ALLIANCE Summit on March 3, 2026.
- 📅 Upcoming Conferences 2026
- 📱 ML-based xApps
- 🎮 Deep Reinforcement Learning
- 🔗 Graph Neural Networks
- 🔄 Transfer Learning
- 🤖 Transformer & Attention
- 💬 LLM & RAG
- 🔐 Security & Anomaly Detection
- 🌐 Digital Twin
- 🎯 Diffusion Models
- 🛠️ Tools & Testbeds
- 🤝 Contributing
Intelligent xApps running on Near-RT RIC for closed-loop network control
🚀 2025
| Title | Venue | AI Method | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| AI Lifecycle-Aware Feasibility Framework for Split-RIC Orchestration in NTN O-RAN | arXiv (sub. IEEE TNSM) | AI Lifecycle + NTN Split-RIC | |
| A Vision-based Framework for Intelligent gNodeB Mobility Control | arXiv | Vision + Mobile O-RAN | |
| AI-Driven Multi-Modal Adaptive Handover Control Optimization for O-RAN | arXiv | PPO RL + Multi-Modal rApp/xApp | |
| End-to-End O-RAN Testbed for Edge-AI-Enabled 5G/6G Connected Industrial Robotics | arXiv | Edge-AIaaS + O-RAN Testbed | |
| Predicting Conflict Impact on Performance in O-RAN | INFOCOM 2026 Workshop | Conflict Impact Prediction | |
| Toward Native ISAC Support in O-RAN Architectures for 6G | arXiv | ISAC + Sensing dApp/xApp | |
| xDevSM: An Open-Source Framework for Portable, AI-Ready xApps Across Heterogeneous O-RAN Deployments | arXiv | AI Framework | |
| MANATEE: A DevOps Platform for xApp Lifecycle Management and Testing in Open RAN | arXiv | DevOps + ML | |
| Interoperable rApp/xApp Control over O-RAN for Mobility-aware Dynamic Spectrum Allocation | arXiv | rApp/xApp | |
| xApp Conflict Evaluation with Explainable ML and Causal Inference | IEEE NFV-SDN | XAI + Causal | |
| O-RAN Intelligence Orchestration Framework for Quality-Driven xApp | IEEE TMC | ML Orchestration | |
| ML-Driven xApp for Network Slicing in 6G O-RAN | IEEE ICC Workshops | DRL Slicing | |
| RSLAQ - Robust SLA-driven 6G O-RAN QoS xApp | arXiv | DRL |
📅 2024
| Title | Venue | AI Method | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| ML-based xApp for Dynamic Resource Allocation | IEEE ICMLCN | ML Allocation | |
| Enabling Reusable and Comparable xApps in ML-Driven Open RAN | IEEE HPSR | ML Framework | |
| Universal Vertical Application Adaptation: Autonomous Intelligent xAPP | IEEE Comm. Mag. | Auto xApp Gen | |
| ALAP: Availability- and Latency-Aware Protection for O-RAN | IEEE TNSM | Deep Q-Learning |
📅 2021-2023
| Title | Year | Venue | AI Method | Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ML-based xAPP for 5G O-RAN to Mitigate Co-tier Interference | 2023 | IEEE BMSB | ML + QoE | |
| Connection Management xAPP: GNN and RL Approach | 2021 | IEEE ICMLA | GNN + RL |
DRL for RAN slicing, resource allocation, and intelligent network control
🚀 2025-2026
| Title | Venue | AI Method | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| SliceMapper: Intelligent Mapping of O-CU and O-DU onto O-Cloud Sites in 6G O-RAN | arXiv | Q-Learning + Slice Mapping | |
| Agentic AI for Intent-driven Optimization in Cell-free O-RAN | arXiv | Agentic AI + CF-mMIMO | |
| Interpretable Attention-Based Multi-Agent PPO for Latency Spike Resolution in 6G RAN Slicing | arXiv | Explainable MAPPO | |
| inRAN: Interpretable Online Bayesian Learning for Network Automation in Open RAN | arXiv | Bayesian Online Learning | |
| Demo: Enabling Deep Reinforcement Learning Research for Energy Saving in Open RAN | arXiv | DRL + Gymnasium | |
| Selecting Offline Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Stochastic Network Control | NOMS 2026 | Offline RL | |
| Joint Sleep Mode Activation and Load Balancing with Dynamic Cell Load: A Combinatorial Bandit Approach | arXiv | Bandit | |
| SIA: Symbolic Interpretability for Anticipatory Deep Reinforcement Learning in Network Control | arXiv | Explainable DRL | |
| Immersive Volumetric Video Playback: Near-RT Resource Allocation and O-RAN-based Implementation | arXiv | Near-RT RA | |
| Closed-loop Uplink Radio Resource Management in CF-O-RAN Empowered 5G Aerial Corridor | arXiv | CF-mMIMO | |
| Near-Real-Time Resource Slicing for QoS in 5G O-RAN | IEEE ToN | DRL | |
| Independent DRL for RSMA-Enabled Hybrid RAN Slicing | IEEE TVT | Independent DRL | |
| Green networking: DRL + Transfer Learning for Open-RAN slicing | Computer Comm. | DRL + TL | |
| HiSO-CoMA: Hierarchical Self-Optimizing with Multi-Agent DRL | IEEE OJCOMS | MADRL | |
| Optimizing URLLC in Open RAN: DRL-Based Trade-Off Analysis | IEEE Comm. Standards | DRL | |
| QoS-Aware Dynamic CU Selection with Graph-Based RL | IEEE CNSM | Graph RL | |
| Percentile-Based DRL for Delay Aware RAN Slicing | arXiv | DRL | |
| DRL-Based Dynamic Scheduling for Real-Time Applications | IEEE Access | DRL | |
| LLM-Augmented DRL for Dynamic O-RAN Network Slicing | IEEE ICC | LLM + DRL | |
| Diffusion Model + Digital Twin Enhanced DRL for RAN Slicing | IEEE WCNC | Diffusion + DRL | |
| Federated Neuroevolution O-RAN: Enhancing the Robustness of DRL xApps | IEEE Comm. Mag. | Federated DRL | |
| Federated DRL-Driven O-RAN for Automatic Multirobot Reconfiguration | IEEE NOMS | Federated DRL | |
| DRL Based xApp for RAN Slice Management Using OpenAirInterface | IEEE PIMRC | DRL + xApp | |
| Energy-Saving in 5G Open RAN with Deep Q-Learning Sleep Mode Control | IEEE PIMRC | DQL + Energy | |
| Meta RL Approach for Adaptive Resource Optimization in O-RAN | IEEE WCNC | Meta RL | |
| Meta Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Scalable Resource Management in O-RAN | arXiv | Meta HRL |
📅 2024
| Title | Venue | AI Method | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hierarchical RL Based Resource Allocation for RAN Slicing | IEEE Access | Hierarchical RL | |
| Safe and Accelerated DRL-Based O-RAN Slicing: Hybrid Transfer Learning | IEEE JSAC | Safe DRL + TL | |
| A Bayesian Framework of DRL for Joint O-RAN/MEC Orchestration | IEEE OJCOMS | Bayesian DRL | |
| Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robust VNF Reconfigurations in O-RAN | IEEE TNSM | DRL + VNF | |
| Multi-Agent DRL-Based Task Scheduling for O-RAN-Empowered Multi-UAV-Assisted WSNs | IEEE TVT | MADRL + UAV | |
| O-RAN-Based Digital Twin Function Virtualization for Sustainable IoV Service Response | IEEE TGCN | Async HRL + DT |
📅 2019-2023
| Title | Year | Venue | AI Method | Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intent-driven Intelligent Control via Hierarchical RL | 2023 | arXiv | HRL | |
| Learning From Peers: Deep Transfer RL for Radio and Cache Allocation | 2022 | IEEE TCCN | Transfer DRL | |
| AUTODEEPSLICE: Data Driven Network Slicing with Auto DL | 2022 | IEEE GLOBECOM | Auto DL | |
| Transfer Learning-Based Accelerated DRL for 5G RAN Slicing | 2021 | IEEE LCN | TL + DRL | |
| Real-Time Resource Slicing for 5G RAN via DRL | 2019 | IEEE ICPADS | DRL |
Leveraging network topology for intelligent O-RAN management
| Title | Year | Venue | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| EExApp: GNN-Based Reinforcement Learning for Radio Unit Energy Optimization in 5G O-RAN | 2026 | IEEE INFOCOM | |
| QoS-Aware Dynamic CU Selection with Graph-Based RL | 2025 | IEEE CNSM | |
| GNN for O-RAN Mobility Management: Link Prediction Approach | 2025 | IEEE VTM | |
| Connection Management xAPP: GNN and RL Approach | 2021 | IEEE ICMLA |
Accelerating AI model training and deployment in O-RAN
| Title | Year | Venue | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| Green networking: DRL + Transfer Learning for Open-RAN slicing | 2025 | Computer Comm. | |
| Safe and Accelerated DRL: Hybrid Transfer Learning Approach | 2024 | IEEE JSAC | |
| Learning From Peers: Deep Transfer RL for 5G RAN Slicing | 2022 | IEEE TCCN | |
| Transfer Learning-Based Accelerated DRL for 5G RAN Slicing | 2021 | IEEE LCN |
Transformer-based models for O-RAN traffic prediction and optimization
| Title | Year | Venue | AI Method | Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transformer-Based Wireless Traffic Prediction and Network Optimization in O-RAN | 2024 | ICC Workshops | Transformer | |
| Learning Low-Dimensional Representation for O-RAN Testing via Transformer-ESN | 2025 | IEEE MASS | Transformer + ESN | |
| Harnessing LLMs, Informers and Decision Transformers for Intent-driven RAN | 2025 | arXiv | Decision Transformer |
Large Language Models for O-RAN operations and knowledge discovery
| Title | Year | Venue | AI Method | Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AutORAN: LLM-driven Natural Language Programming for Agile xApp Development | 2026 | arXiv | LLM + Auto xApp Gen | |
| LLM-Based Net Analyzer rApp for Explainable and Safe Automation in O-RAN Non-RT RIC | 2026 | ICC 2026 Workshop | LLM rApp + Human-in-Loop | |
| Multi-Agentic AI for Conflict-Aware rApp Policy Orchestration in Open RAN | 2026 | arXiv | Multi-Agent LLM + RAG | |
| SLA-Aware Distributed LLM Inference Across Device-RAN-Cloud | 2026 | INFOCOM Workshops | LLM + AI-RAN Testbed | |
| ORION: Intent-Aware Orchestration in Open RAN for SLA-Driven Network Management | 2026 | arXiv | LLM + MCP Intent | |
| How Small Can 6G Reason? Scaling Tiny Language Models for AI-Native Networks | 2026 | arXiv | Tiny LM + 6G-Bench | |
| BRAIN: Bayesian Reasoning via Active Inference for Agentic and Embodied Intelligence in Mobile Networks | 2026 | arXiv | Active Inference + Agentic AI | |
| Agentic AI-RAN: Enabling Intent-Driven, Explainable and Self-Evolving Open RAN Intelligence | 2026 | arXiv | Agentic AI + Plan-Act-Observe | |
| IntAgent: NWDAF-Based Intent LLM Agent Towards Advanced Next Generation Networks | 2026 | arXiv | LLM + NWDAF + MCP | |
| Toward Autonomous O-RAN: A Multi-Scale Agentic AI Framework | 2026 | IEEE Networks | LLM + SLM + WPFM | |
| How to Discover Knowledge for FutureG: Contextual RAG and LLM Prompting for O-RAN | 2026 | arXiv | Contextual RAG + LLM | |
| Efficient Self-Learning and Model Versioning for AI-native O-RAN Edge | 2026 | arXiv | Self-Learning | |
| ORAN-GUIDE: RAG-Driven Prompt Learning for LLM-Augmented RL | 2025 | arXiv | RAG + LLM + RL | |
| LLM-Augmented DRL for Dynamic O-RAN Network Slicing | 2025 | IEEE ICC | LLM + DRL | |
| Harnessing LLMs, Informers and Decision Transformers for Intent-driven RAN | 2025 | arXiv | LLM + Transformer |
ML-powered security for O-RAN
| Title | Year | Venue | AI Method | Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Security and Privacy in O-RAN for 6G: A Comprehensive Review of Threats and Mitigation | 2026 | IEEE COMST | Survey: Security + Privacy | |
| Detecting and Mitigating Adversarial ML in Open RAN Using Digital Twin | 2025 | IEEE WCL | Adversarial ML | |
| Latency of ML Random Access DDoS Detection in Open RAN | 2024 | ACM MobiCom | ML DDoS | |
| DDoS Detection and Mitigation Using d/xApp in O-RAN | 2024 | IEEE FNWF | ML Detection |
Digital Twin enhanced O-RAN with ML
| Title | Year | Venue | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kraken: Architecting Generative, Semantic, and Goal-Oriented Network Management for 6G* | 2026 | arXiv | |
| A Standards-Aligned Coordination Framework for Edge-Enhanced Collaborative Healthcare in 6G Networks | 2026 | arXiv | |
| Design and Evaluation of Next-Generation Cellular Networks through Digital and Physical Open and Programmable Platforms | 2026 | arXiv | |
| Diffusion Model + Digital Twin Enhanced DRL for RAN Slicing | 2025 | IEEE WCNC | |
| Detecting and Mitigating Adversarial ML Using Digital Twin | 2025 | IEEE WCL |
Generative AI for O-RAN resource management
| Title | Year | Venue | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diffusion Model + Digital Twin Enhanced DRL for RAN Slicing | 2025 | IEEE WCNC |
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| Title | Year | Venue | AI Method | Links |
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| Enabling Real-Time Programmability for RAN Functions: A Wasm-Based Approach for Robust and High-Performance dApps | 2026 | arXiv | Wasm + dApp | |
| AtlasRAN: Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Open 5G Platforms for Ubiquitous Wireless Networks | 2026 | arXiv | Performance Modeling | |
| Measurement-Driven O-RAN Diagnostics with Tail Latency and Scheduler Indicators | 2026 | arXiv | Diagnostics + Measurement | |
| Energy Efficiency Testing and Modeling of a Commercial O-RAN System | 2026 | arXiv | Energy Modeling + Measurement | |
| TENORAN: Automating Fine-grained Energy Efficiency Profiling in Open RAN Systems | 2026 | arXiv | Automated Profiling |
| Testbed | Description | Location | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🏟️ Colosseum | World's largest RF emulator with O-RAN | USA | |
| ⚡ POWDER-RENEW | NSF PAWR platform for wireless research | Utah, USA | |
| 🌆 COSMOS | Advanced wireless testbed | NYC, USA | |
| 🎯 Arena | Drexel University wireless testbed | Philadelphia, USA |
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