EcoAgent is a privacy-aware, efficient, and responsive multi-agent framework designed for Android mobile automation. Unlike traditional cloud-only mobile agents, EcoAgent introduces a closed-loop device–cloud collaboration mechanism that reduces cost, latency, and data transmission while maintaining high automation performance.
EcoAgent deploys:
- Cloud-based Planning Agent (LLM reasoning / long-horizon planning)
- Device-based Execution Agent (action generation + local tool execution)
- Device-based Observation Agent (lightweight verification + screen understanding)
This design enables:
- Lower latency
- Reduced cloud computation
- Privacy-preserving automation
- Closed-loop feedback for higher reliability
User → Cloud Planner (Dual-ReACT/Repaln) → Device Executor
↑ ↓
Device Observer ← Pre-Understanding
Cloud does “thinking”, device does “acting + verifying”.
git clone https://github.com/Yi-Biao/EcoAgent.git
cd EcoAgentconda create -n ecoagent python=3.12
conda activate ecoagent
pip install -r requirements.txt✅ Download ADB
macOS (recommended via Homebrew):
brew install android-platform-tools
Or you can download the Platform-tools package for macOS/Linux/Windows:
👉 https://developer.android.google.cn/tools/releases/platform-tools#downloads
✅ Add ADB to Your PATH
macOS/Linux:
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools"
Windows:
- Open System Properties → Advanced → Environment Variables
- Add the path of platform-tools to the
Pathvariable like:
D:\platform-tools
✅ Verify ADB Installation
adb
If you see something like:
Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.41
Version 35.0.2-12147458
Installed as /Users/xxxx/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools//adb
then ADB is successfully installed 🎉
✅ Suggested Models of Device Observer
✅ Supported Models of Device Executor
# Develop your Device Observer
CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 \
vllm serve DEVICE_OBSERVER \
--trust-remote-code \
--dtype bfloat16 \
--port 8800 \
--max-model-len 8192 &
# Develop your Device Executor
CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 \
vllm serve DEVICE_EXECUTOR\
--trust-remote-code \
--dtype bfloat16 \
--port 8801 \
--max-model-len 8192
- Tested on Google Pixel 6, AndroidWorld benchmark
- Requires ADB (USB debugging enabled)
EcoAgent uses a unified YAML-based configuration file (config.yaml) to control the models.
Below is the recommended configuration template:
# ============== Cloud Planner Configuration ==============
llm:
# OpenAI GPT-4o for planning and replanning
model_name: "gpt-4o"
api_url: "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions"
api_key_env_var: "OPENAI_API_KEY"
max_retry: 3
temperature: 0.0
max_tokens: 2000
# ============== Device Executor Configuration ==============
slm:
# action prediction
model_name: "DEVICE_EXECUTOR"
api_url: "http://127.0.0.1:8801/v1/chat/completions"
max_retry: 3
temperature: 0
max_tokens: 256
# ============== Device Observer Configuration ==============
vision:
# screen description
description_model_name: "DEVICE_OBSERVER"
description_api_url: "http://127.0.0.1:8800/v1/chat/completions"
# expectation summary
summary_model_name: "DEVICE_OBSERVER"
summary_api_url: "http://127.0.0.1:8800/v1/chat/completions"
max_tokens: 256
temperature: 0
# Choose your agent
python run.py --agent=eco_ui-tarsConnected devices:
[0] emulator-5554
[1] emulator-5556
Select device by number (0-1): 1
Please enter your query: Open Meituan and search for “milk tea”
@inproceedings{yi2026ecoagent,
title={EcoAgent: An Efficient Device-Cloud Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Mobile Automation},
author={Yi, Biao and Hu, Xueyu and Chen, Yurun and Zhang, Shengyu and Yang, Hongxia and Wu, Fan},
booktitle={Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
volume={40},
number={35},
pages={29838--29846},
year={2026}
}
@misc{yi2025ecoagentefficientedgecloudcollaborative,
title={EcoAgent: An Efficient Edge-Cloud Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Mobile Automation},
author={Biao Yi and Xavier Hu and Yurun Chen and Shengyu Zhang and Hongxia Yang and Fan Wu and Fei Wu},
year={2025},
eprint={2505.05440},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.AI},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05440},
}
Feel free to contact us: biaoyi18@gmail.com