Increases the gas used based on storage increase in transactions to deal with storage congestion.

Introduce a new mechanism for executing transactions that increases the gas used when the transaction increases the storage state.

The Moonbeam chain state needs to be sustainable for collators and archive nodes. The current fee mechanism does not adequately account for new storage data being added.

A block will have a storage growth limit of 40,960 bytes.

A transaction that increases the state by X bytes will consume X * 15,000,000 / 40,960 gas.

Considering that the base fee only increases when the block has consumed 25% or more gas, it is possible to have 25% * 40KB * 2,628,000 blocks => 25.06 GB.

Deploying a smart contract with 20kB of bytecode stored on the chain would require: 20KB * 15,000,000 / 40KB => 7,500,000 gas

Executing a transaction that adds 3 storage items (116 bytes) would require: 348 * 15,000,000 / 40,906 => 127,609 gas

Increase the gas used in the block, even if the computational part remains the same. This can lead to blocks being full due to storage usage without any computation.

This may cause smart contracts that assume a fixed gas limit on subcalls to fail. However, such cases are rare.