gnet/gnet.go at dev · danhhuynh25029/gnet

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// Copyright (c) 2019 The Gnet Authors. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// Package gnet implements a high-performance, lightweight, non-blocking,
// event-driven networking framework written in pure Go.
// Visit https://gnet.host/ for more details about gnet.
package gnet
	"github.com/panjf2000/gnet/v2/internal/gfd"
	"github.com/panjf2000/gnet/v2/pkg/buffer/ring"
	errorx "github.com/panjf2000/gnet/v2/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/panjf2000/gnet/v2/pkg/logging"
	"github.com/panjf2000/gnet/v2/pkg/math"
// Action is an action that occurs after the completion of an event.
type Action int
	// None indicates that no action should occur following an event.
	None Action = iota
	// Close closes the connection.
	// Shutdown shutdowns the engine.
// Engine represents an engine context which provides some functions.
type Engine struct {
	// eng is the internal engine struct.
	eng *engine
// Validate checks whether the engine is available.
func (e Engine) Validate() error {
	if e.eng == nil || len(e.eng.listeners) == 0 {
		return errorx.ErrEmptyEngine
	if e.eng.isShutdown() {
		return errorx.ErrEngineInShutdown
	return nil
// CountConnections counts the number of currently active connections and returns it.
func (e Engine) CountConnections() (count int) {
	if e.Validate() != nil {
		return -1
	e.eng.eventLoops.iterate(func(_ int, el *eventloop) bool {
		count += int(el.countConn())
		return true
// Register registers the new connection to the event-loop that is chosen
// based off of the algorithm set by WithLoadBalancing.
// You should call either of the NewNetConnContext or NewNetAddrContext
// and pass the returned context to this method. net.Conn will precede
// net.Addr if both are present in the context.
// Note that you need to switch to another load-balancing algorithm over
// the default RoundRobin when starting the engine, to avoid data race
// issue if you plan on calling this method from somewhere later on.
func (e Engine) Register(ctx context.Context) (<-chan RegisteredResult, error) {
	if err := e.Validate(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	if e.eng.eventLoops.len() == 0 {
		return nil, errorx.ErrEmptyEngine
	c, ok := FromNetConnContext(ctx)
		return e.eng.eventLoops.next(c.RemoteAddr()).Enroll(ctx, c)
	addr, ok := FromNetAddrContext(ctx)
		return e.eng.eventLoops.next(addr).Register(ctx, addr)
	return nil, errorx.ErrInvalidNetworkAddress
// Dup returns a copy of the underlying file descriptor of listener.
// It is the caller's responsibility to close dupFD when finished.
// Closing listener does not affect dupFD, and closing dupFD does not affect listener.
// Note that this method is only available when the engine has only one listener.
func (e Engine) Dup() (fd int, err error) {
	if err := e.Validate(); err != nil {
		return -1, err
	if len(e.eng.listeners) > 1 {
		return -1, errorx.ErrUnsupportedOp
	for _, ln := range e.eng.listeners {
		fd, err = ln.dup()
// DupListener is like Dup, but it duplicates the listener with the given network and address.
// This is useful when there are multiple listeners.
func (e Engine) DupListener(network, addr string) (int, error) {
	if err := e.Validate(); err != nil {
		return -1, err
	for _, ln := range e.eng.listeners {
		if ln.network == network && ln.address == addr {
			return ln.dup()
	return -1, errorx.ErrInvalidNetworkAddress
// Stop gracefully shuts down this Engine without interrupting any active event-loops,
// it waits indefinitely for connections and event-loops to be closed and then shuts down.
func (e Engine) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
	if err := e.Validate(); err != nil {
		return err
	e.eng.shutdown(nil)
	ticker := time.NewTicker(shutdownPollInterval)
	defer ticker.Stop()
		if e.eng.isShutdown() {
			return nil
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return ctx.Err()
		case <-ticker.C:
type asyncCmdType uint8
	asyncCmdClose = iota + 1
	asyncCmdWake
	asyncCmdWrite
	asyncCmdWritev
type asyncCmd struct {
	fd  gfd.GFD
	typ asyncCmdType
	cb  AsyncCallback
// AsyncWrite writes data to the given connection asynchronously.
func (e Engine) AsyncWrite(fd gfd.GFD, p []byte, cb AsyncCallback) error {
	if err := e.Validate(); err != nil {
		return err
	return e.eng.sendCmd(&asyncCmd{fd: fd, typ: asyncCmdWrite, cb: cb, param: p}, false)
// AsyncWritev is like AsyncWrite, but it accepts a slice of byte slices.
func (e Engine) AsyncWritev(fd gfd.GFD, batch [][]byte, cb AsyncCallback) error {
	if err := e.Validate(); err != nil {
		return err
	return e.eng.sendCmd(&asyncCmd{fd: fd, typ: asyncCmdWritev, cb: cb, param: batch}, false)
// Close closes the given connection.
func (e Engine) Close(fd gfd.GFD, cb AsyncCallback) error {
	if err := e.Validate(); err != nil {
		return err
	return e.eng.sendCmd(&asyncCmd{fd: fd, typ: asyncCmdClose, cb: cb}, false)
// Wake wakes up the given connection.
func (e Engine) Wake(fd gfd.GFD, cb AsyncCallback) error {
	if err := e.Validate(); err != nil {
		return err
	return e.eng.sendCmd(&asyncCmd{fd: fd, typ: asyncCmdWake, cb: cb}, true)
// Reader is an interface that consists of a number of methods for reading that Conn must implement.
// Note that the methods in this interface are not concurrency-safe for concurrent use,
// you must invoke them within any method in EventHandler.
type Reader interface {
	io.WriterTo
	// Next returns the next n bytes and advances the inbound buffer.
	// buf must not be used in a new goroutine. Otherwise, use Read instead.
	// If the number of the available bytes is less than requested,
	// a pair of (0, io.ErrShortBuffer) is returned.
	Next(n int) (buf []byte, err error)
	// Peek returns the next n bytes without advancing the inbound buffer,
	// the returned bytes remain valid until a Discard is called.
	// buf must neither be used in a new goroutine nor anywhere after the call
	// to Discard, make a copy of buf manually or use Read otherwise.
	// If the number of the available bytes is less than requested,
	// a pair of (0, io.ErrShortBuffer) is returned.
	Peek(n int) (buf []byte, err error)
	// Discard advances the inbound buffer with next n bytes, returning the number of bytes discarded.
	Discard(n int) (discarded int, err error)
	// InboundBuffered returns the number of bytes that can be read from the current buffer.
	InboundBuffered() int
// Writer is an interface that consists of a number of methods for writing that Conn must implement.
type Writer interface {
	io.Writer     // not concurrency-safe
	io.ReaderFrom // not concurrency-safe
	// SendTo transmits a message to the given address, it's not concurrency-safe.
	// It is available only for UDP sockets, an ErrUnsupportedOp will be returned
	// when it is called on a non-UDP socket.
	// This method should be used only when you need to send a message to a specific
	// address over the UDP socket, otherwise you should use Conn.Write() instead.
	SendTo(buf []byte, addr net.Addr) (n int, err error)
	// Writev writes multiple byte slices to remote synchronously, it's not concurrency-safe,
	// you must invoke it within any method in EventHandler.
	Writev(bs [][]byte) (n int, err error)
	// Flush writes any buffered data to the underlying connection, it's not concurrency-safe,
	// you must invoke it within any method in EventHandler.
	Flush() error
	// OutboundBuffered returns the number of bytes that can be read from the current buffer.
	// it's not concurrency-safe, you must invoke it within any method in EventHandler.
	OutboundBuffered() int
	// AsyncWrite writes bytes to remote asynchronously, it's concurrency-safe,
	// you don't have to invoke it within any method in EventHandler,
	// usually you would call it in an individual goroutine.
	// Note that it will go synchronously with UDP, so it is needless to call
	// this asynchronous method, we may disable this method for UDP and just
	// return ErrUnsupportedOp in the future, therefore, please don't rely on
	// this method to do something important under UDP, if you're working with UDP,
	// just call Conn.Write to send back your data.
	AsyncWrite(buf []byte, callback AsyncCallback) (err error)
	// AsyncWritev writes multiple byte slices to remote asynchronously,
	// you don't have to invoke it within any method in EventHandler,
	// usually you would call it in an individual goroutine.
	AsyncWritev(bs [][]byte, callback AsyncCallback) (err error)
// AsyncCallback is a callback that will be invoked after the asynchronous function finishes.
// Note that the parameter gnet.Conn might have been already released when it's UDP protocol,
// thus it shouldn't be accessed.
// This callback will be executed in event-loop, thus it must not block, otherwise,
// it blocks the event-loop.
type AsyncCallback func(c Conn, err error) error
// Socket is a set of functions which manipulate the underlying file descriptor of a connection.
// Note that the methods in this interface are concurrency-safe for concurrent use,
// you don't have to invoke them within any method in EventHandler.
type Socket interface {
	// Gfd returns the gfd of socket.
	// Gfd() gfd.GFD
	// Fd returns the underlying file descriptor.
	// Dup returns a copy of the underlying file descriptor.
	// It is the caller's responsibility to close fd when finished.
	// Closing c does not affect fd, and closing fd does not affect c.
	// The returned file descriptor is different from the
	//  connection. Attempting to change the properties of the original
	// using this duplicate may or may not have the desired effect.
	Dup() (int, error)
	// SetReadBuffer sets the size of the operating system's
	// receive buffer associated with the connection.
	SetReadBuffer(size int) error
	// SetWriteBuffer sets the size of the operating system's
	// transmit buffer associated with the connection.
	SetWriteBuffer(size int) error
	// SetLinger sets the behavior of Close on a connection which still
	// has data waiting to be sent or to be acknowledged.
	// If secs < 0 (the default), the operating system finishes sending the
	// data in the background.
	// If secs == 0, the operating system discards any unsent or
	// unacknowledged data.
	// If secs > 0, the data is sent in the background as with sec < 0. On
	// some operating systems after sec seconds have elapsed any remaining
	// unsent data may be discarded.
	SetLinger(secs int) error
	// SetKeepAlivePeriod tells the operating system to send keep-alive
	// messages on the connection and sets period between TCP keep-alive probes.
	SetKeepAlivePeriod(d time.Duration) error
	// SetKeepAlive enables/disables the TCP keepalive with all socket options:
	// TCP_KEEPIDLE, TCP_KEEPINTVL and TCP_KEEPCNT. idle is the value for TCP_KEEPIDLE,
	// intvl is the value for TCP_KEEPINTVL, cnt is the value for TCP_KEEPCNT,
	// ignored when enabled is false.
	// With TCP keep-alive enabled, idle is the time (in seconds) the connection
	// needs to remain idle before TCP starts sending keep-alive probes,
	// intvl is the time (in seconds) between individual keep-alive probes.
	// TCP will drop the connection after sending cnt probes without getting
	// any replies from the peer; then the socket is destroyed, and OnClose
	// is triggered.
	// If one of idle, intvl, or cnt is less than 1, an error is returned.
	SetKeepAlive(enabled bool, idle, intvl time.Duration, cnt int) error
	// SetNoDelay controls whether the operating system should delay
	// packet transmission in hopes of sending fewer packets (Nagle's
	// algorithm).
	// The default is true (no delay), meaning that data is sent as soon as possible after a Write.
	SetNoDelay(noDelay bool) error
// Runnable defines the common protocol of an execution on an event-loop.
// This interface should be implemented and passed to an event-loop in some way,
// then the event-loop will invoke Run to perform the execution.
// !!!Caution: Run must not contain any blocking operations like heavy disk or
// network I/O, or else it will block the event-loop.
type Runnable interface {
	// Run is about to be executed by the event-loop.
	Run(ctx context.Context) error
// RunnableFunc is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary function as a Runnable.
type RunnableFunc func(ctx context.Context) error
// Run executes the RunnableFunc itself.
func (fn RunnableFunc) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
	return fn(ctx)
// RegisteredResult is the result of a Register call.
type RegisteredResult struct {
	Err  error
// EventLoop provides a set of methods for manipulating the event-loop.
type EventLoop interface {
	// Register connects to the given address and registers the connection to the current event-loop,
	// it's concurrency-safe.
	Register(ctx context.Context, addr net.Addr) (<-chan RegisteredResult, error)
	// Enroll is like Register, but it accepts an established net.Conn instead of a net.Addr,
	// it's concurrency-safe.
	Enroll(ctx context.Context, c net.Conn) (<-chan RegisteredResult, error)
	// Execute will execute the given runnable on the event-loop at some time in the future,
	// it's concurrency-safe.
	Execute(ctx context.Context, runnable Runnable) error
	// Schedule is like Execute, but it allows you to specify when the runnable is executed.
	// In other words, the runnable will be executed when the delay duration is reached,
	// it's concurrency-safe.
	// TODO(panjf2000): not supported yet, implement this.
	Schedule(ctx context.Context, runnable Runnable, delay time.Duration) error
	// Close closes the given Conn that belongs to the current event-loop.
	// It must be called on the same event-loop that the connection belongs to.
	// This method is not concurrency-safe, you must invoke it on the event loop.
	Close(Conn) error
// Conn is an interface of underlying connection.
type Conn interface {
	Reader // all methods in Reader are not concurrency-safe.
	Writer // some methods in Writer are concurrency-safe, some are not.
	Socket // all methods in Socket are concurrency-safe.
	// Context returns a user-defined context, it's not concurrency-safe,
	// you must invoke it within any method in EventHandler.
	Context() (ctx any)
	// EventLoop returns the event-loop that the connection belongs to.
	// The returned EventLoop is concurrency-safe.
	EventLoop() EventLoop
	// SetContext sets a user-defined context, it's not concurrency-safe,
	// you must invoke it within any method in EventHandler.
	SetContext(ctx any)
	// LocalAddr is the connection's local socket address, it's not concurrency-safe,
	// you must invoke it within any method in EventHandler.
	LocalAddr() net.Addr
	// RemoteAddr is the connection's remote address, it's not concurrency-safe,
	// you must invoke it within any method in EventHandler.
	RemoteAddr() net.Addr
	// Wake triggers an OnTraffic event for the current connection, it's concurrency-safe.
	Wake(callback AsyncCallback) error
	// CloseWithCallback closes the current connection, it's concurrency-safe.
	// Usually you should provide a non-nil callback for this method,
	// otherwise your better choice is Close().
	CloseWithCallback(callback AsyncCallback) error
	// Close closes the current connection, implements net.Conn, it's concurrency-safe.
	Close() error
	// SetDeadline implements net.Conn.
	SetDeadline(time.Time) error
	// SetReadDeadline implements net.Conn.
	SetReadDeadline(time.Time) error
	// SetWriteDeadline implements net.Conn.
	SetWriteDeadline(time.Time) error
	// EventHandler represents the engine events' callbacks for the Run call.
	// Each event has an Action return value that is used manage the state
	// of the connection and engine.
	EventHandler interface {
		// OnBoot fires when the engine is ready for accepting connections.
		// The parameter engine has information and various utilities.
		OnBoot(eng Engine) (action Action)
		// OnShutdown fires when the engine is being shut down, it is called right after
		// all event-loops and connections are closed.
		OnShutdown(eng Engine)
		// OnOpen fires when a new connection has been opened.
		// The Conn c has information about the connection such as its local and remote addresses.
		// The parameter out is the return value which is going to be sent back to the remote.
		// Sending large amounts of data back to the remote in OnOpen is usually not recommended.
		OnOpen(c Conn) (out []byte, action Action)
		// OnClose fires when a connection has been closed.
		// The parameter err is the last known connection error.
		OnClose(c Conn, err error) (action Action)
		// OnTraffic fires when a socket receives data from the remote.
		// Also check out the comments on Reader and Writer interfaces.
		OnTraffic(c Conn) (action Action)
		// OnTick fires immediately after the engine starts and will fire again
		// following the duration specified by the delay return value.
		OnTick() (delay time.Duration, action Action)
	// BuiltinEventEngine is a built-in implementation of EventHandler which feeds
	// each method with an empty implementation, you can embed it within your custom
	// struct when you don't intend to implement the entire EventHandler.
	BuiltinEventEngine struct{}
// OnBoot fires when the engine is ready for accepting connections.
// The parameter engine has information and various utilities.
func (*BuiltinEventEngine) OnBoot(_ Engine) (action Action) {
// OnShutdown fires when the engine is being shut down, it is called right after
// all event-loops and connections are closed.
func (*BuiltinEventEngine) OnShutdown(_ Engine) {
// OnOpen fires when a new connection has been opened.
// The parameter out is the return value which is going to be sent back to the remote.
func (*BuiltinEventEngine) OnOpen(_ Conn) (out []byte, action Action) {
// OnClose fires when a connection has been closed.
// The parameter err is the last known connection error.
func (*BuiltinEventEngine) OnClose(_ Conn, _ error) (action Action) {
// OnTraffic fires when a local socket receives data from the remote.
func (*BuiltinEventEngine) OnTraffic(_ Conn) (action Action) {
// OnTick fires immediately after the engine starts and will fire again
// following the duration specified by the delay return value.
func (*BuiltinEventEngine) OnTick() (delay time.Duration, action Action) {
// MaxStreamBufferCap is the default buffer size for each stream-oriented connection(TCP/Unix).
var MaxStreamBufferCap = 64 * 1024 // 64KB
func createListeners(addrs []string, opts ...Option) ([]*listener, *Options, error) {
	options := loadOptions(opts...)
	logger, logFlusher := logging.GetDefaultLogger(), logging.GetDefaultFlusher()
	if options.Logger == nil {
		if options.LogPath != "" {
			logger, logFlusher, _ = logging.CreateLoggerAsLocalFile(options.LogPath, options.LogLevel)
		options.Logger = logger
		logger = options.Logger
		logFlusher = nil
	logging.SetDefaultLoggerAndFlusher(logger, logFlusher)
	logging.Debugf("default logging level is %s", logging.LogLevel())
	// The maximum number of operating system threads that the Go program can use is initially set to 10000,
	// which should also be the maximum number of I/O event-loops locked to OS threads that users can start up.
	if options.LockOSThread && options.NumEventLoop > 10000 {
		logging.Errorf("too many event-loops under LockOSThread mode, should be less than 10,000 "+
			"while you are trying to set up %d\n", options.NumEventLoop)
		return nil, nil, errorx.ErrTooManyEventLoopThreads
	if options.EdgeTriggeredIOChunk > 0 {
		options.EdgeTriggeredIO = true
		options.EdgeTriggeredIOChunk = math.CeilToPowerOfTwo(options.EdgeTriggeredIOChunk)
	} else if options.EdgeTriggeredIO {
		options.EdgeTriggeredIOChunk = 1 << 20 // 1MB
	rbc := options.ReadBufferCap
	case rbc <= 0:
		options.ReadBufferCap = MaxStreamBufferCap
	case rbc <= ring.DefaultBufferSize:
		options.ReadBufferCap = ring.DefaultBufferSize
		options.ReadBufferCap = math.CeilToPowerOfTwo(rbc)
	wbc := options.WriteBufferCap
	case wbc <= 0:
		options.WriteBufferCap = MaxStreamBufferCap
	case wbc <= ring.DefaultBufferSize:
		options.WriteBufferCap = ring.DefaultBufferSize
		options.WriteBufferCap = math.CeilToPowerOfTwo(wbc)
	var hasUDP, hasUnix bool
	for _, addr := range addrs {
		proto, _, err := parseProtoAddr(addr)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		hasUDP = hasUDP || strings.HasPrefix(proto, "udp")
		hasUnix = hasUnix || proto == "unix"
	// SO_REUSEPORT enables duplicate address and port bindings across various
	// Unix-like OSs, whereas there is platform-specific inconsistency:
	// Linux implemented SO_REUSEPORT with load balancing for incoming connections
	// while *BSD implemented it for only binding to the same address and port, which
	// makes it pointless to enable SO_REUSEPORT on *BSD and Darwin for gnet with
	// multiple event-loops because only the first or last event-loop will be constantly
	// woken up to accept incoming connections and handle I/O events while the rest of
	// event-loops remain idle.
	// Thus, we disable SO_REUSEPORT on *BSD and Darwin by default.
	// Note that FreeBSD 12 introduced a new socket option named SO_REUSEPORT_LB
	// with the capability of load balancing, it's the equivalent of Linux's SO_REUSEPORT.
	// Also note that DragonFlyBSD 3.6.0 extended SO_REUSEPORT to distribute workload to
	// available sockets, which makes it the same as Linux's SO_REUSEPORT.
	goos := runtime.GOOS
	if options.ReusePort &&
		(options.Multicore || options.NumEventLoop > 1) &&
		(goos != "linux" && goos != "dragonfly" && goos != "freebsd") {
		options.ReusePort = false
	// Despite the fact that SO_REUSEPORT can be set on a Unix domain socket
	// via setsockopt() without reporting an error, SO_REUSEPORT is actually
	// not supported for sockets of AF_UNIX. Thus, we avoid setting it on the
	// Unix domain sockets.
	// As of this commit https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/commit/?id=5b0af621c3f6,
	// EOPNOTSUPP will be returned when trying to set SO_REUSEPORT on an AF_UNIX socket on Linux. We therefore
	// avoid setting it on Unix domain sockets on all UNIX-like platforms to keep this behavior consistent.
	if options.ReusePort && hasUnix {
		options.ReusePort = false
	// If there is UDP address in the list, we have no choice but to enable SO_REUSEPORT anyway,
	// also disable edge-triggered I/O for UDP by default.
	if hasUDP {
		options.ReusePort = true
		options.EdgeTriggeredIO = false
	listeners := make([]*listener, len(addrs))
	for i, a := range addrs {
		proto, addr, err := parseProtoAddr(a)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		ln, err := initListener(proto, addr, options)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		listeners[i] = ln
	return listeners, options, nil
// Run starts handling events on the specified address.
// Address should use a scheme prefix and be formatted
// like `tcp://192.168.0.10:9851` or `unix://socket`.
// Valid network schemes:
//	tcp   - bind to both IPv4 and IPv6
//	tcp4  - IPv4
//	tcp6  - IPv6
//	udp   - bind to both IPv4 and IPv6
//	udp4  - IPv4
//	udp6  - IPv6
//	unix  - Unix Domain Socket
// The "tcp" network scheme is assumed when one is not specified.
func Run(eventHandler EventHandler, protoAddr string, opts ...Option) error {
	listeners, options, err := createListeners([]string{protoAddr}, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	defer func() {
		for _, ln := range listeners {
			ln.close()
		logging.Cleanup()
	return run(eventHandler, listeners, options, []string{protoAddr})
// Rotate is like Run but accepts multiple network addresses.
func Rotate(eventHandler EventHandler, addrs []string, opts ...Option) error {
	listeners, options, err := createListeners(addrs, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	defer func() {
		for _, ln := range listeners {
			ln.close()
		logging.Cleanup()
	return run(eventHandler, listeners, options, addrs)
	allEngines sync.Map
	// shutdownPollInterval is how often we poll to check whether engine has been shut down during gnet.Stop().
	shutdownPollInterval = 500 * time.Millisecond
// Stop gracefully shuts down the engine without interrupting any active event-loops,
// it waits indefinitely for connections and event-loops to be closed and then shuts down.
// Deprecated: The global Stop only shuts down the last registered Engine with the same
// protocol and IP:Port as the previous Engine's, which can lead to leaks of Engine if
// you invoke gnet.Run multiple times using the same protocol and IP:Port under the
// condition that WithReuseAddr(true) and WithReusePort(true) are enabled.
// Use Engine.Stop instead.
func Stop(ctx context.Context, protoAddr string) error {
	var eng *engine
	if s, ok := allEngines.Load(protoAddr); ok {
		eng = s.(*engine)
		eng.shutdown(nil)
		defer allEngines.Delete(protoAddr)
		return errorx.ErrEngineInShutdown
	if eng.isShutdown() {
		return errorx.ErrEngineInShutdown
	ticker := time.NewTicker(shutdownPollInterval)
	defer ticker.Stop()
		if eng.isShutdown() {
			return nil
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return ctx.Err()
		case <-ticker.C:
func parseProtoAddr(protoAddr string) (string, string, error) {
	// Percent-encode "%" in the address to avoid url.Parse error.
	// This is for cases like this: udp://[ff02::3%lo0]:9991
	protoAddr = strings.ReplaceAll(protoAddr, "%", "%25")
	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
		if strings.HasPrefix(protoAddr, "unix://") {
			parts := strings.SplitN(protoAddr, "://", 2)
			if parts[1] == "" {
				return "", "", errorx.ErrInvalidNetworkAddress
			return parts[0], parts[1], nil
	u, err := url.Parse(protoAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return "", "", err
	switch u.Scheme {
		return "", "", errorx.ErrInvalidNetworkAddress
	case "tcp", "tcp4", "tcp6", "udp", "udp4", "udp6":
		if u.Host == "" || u.Path != "" {
			return "", "", errorx.ErrInvalidNetworkAddress
		return u.Scheme, u.Host, nil
	case "unix":
		hostPath := path.Join(u.Host, u.Path)
		if hostPath == "" {
			return "", "", errorx.ErrInvalidNetworkAddress
		return u.Scheme, hostPath, nil
		return "", "", errorx.ErrUnsupportedProtocol
func determineEventLoops(opts *Options) int {
	numEventLoop := 1
	if opts.Multicore {
		numEventLoop = runtime.NumCPU()
	if opts.NumEventLoop > 0 {
		numEventLoop = opts.NumEventLoop
	if numEventLoop > gfd.EventLoopIndexMax {
		numEventLoop = gfd.EventLoopIndexMax
	return numEventLoop
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