/* ps - print status Author: Peter Valkenburg */

/* Ps.c, Peter Valkenburg (valke@psy.vu.nl), january 1990.

*

* This is a V7 ps(1) look-alike for MINIX >= 1.5.0.

* It does not support the 'k' option (i.e. cannot read memory from core file).

* If you want to compile this for non-IBM PC architectures, the header files

* require that you have your CHIP, MACHINE etc. defined.

* Full syntax:

* ps [-][aeflx]

* Option `a' gives all processes, `l' for detailed info, `x' includes even

* processes without a terminal.

* The `f' and `e' options were added by Kees Bot for the convenience of

* Solaris users accustomed to these options. The `e' option is equivalent to

* `a' and `f' is equivalent to -l. These do not appear in the usage message.

*

* VERY IMPORTANT NOTE:

* To compile ps, the kernel/, fs/ and pm/ source directories must be in

* ../../ relative to the directory where ps is compiled (normally the

* tools source directory).

*

* If you want your ps to be useable by anyone, you can arrange the

* following access permissions (note the protected memory files and set

* *group* id on ps):

* -rwxr-sr-x 1 bin kmem 11916 Jul 4 15:31 /bin/ps

* crw-r----- 1 bin kmem 1, 1 Jan 1 1970 /dev/mem

* crw-r----- 1 bin kmem 1, 2 Jan 1 1970 /dev/kmem

*/

/* Some technical comments on this implementation:

*

* Most fields are similar to V7 ps(1), except for CPU, NICE, PRI which are

* absent, RECV which replaces WCHAN, and PGRP that is an extra.

* The info is obtained from the following fields of proc, mproc and fproc:

* F - kernel status field, p_rts_flags

* S - kernel status field, p_rts_flags; mm status field, mp_flags (R if p_rts_flags

* is 0; Z if mp_flags == ZOMBIE; T if mp_flags == STOPPED; else W).

* UID - mm eff uid field, mp_effuid

* PID - mm pid field, mp_pid

* PPID - mm parent process index field, mp_parent (used as index in proc).

* PGRP - mm process group field, mp_procgrp

* SZ - kernel text size + physical stack address - physical data address

* + stack size

* p_memmap[T].mem_len + p_memmap[S].mem_phys - p_memmap[D].mem_phys

* + p_memmap[S].mem_len

* RECV - kernel process index field for message receiving, p_getfrom

* If sleeping, mm's mp_flags, or fs's fp_task are used for more info.

* TTY - fs controlling tty device field, fp_tty.

* TIME - kernel user + system times fields, user_time + sys_time

* CMD - system process index (converted to mnemonic name by using the p_name

* field), or user process argument list (obtained by reading the stack

* frame; the resulting address is used to get the argument vector from

* user space and converted into a concatenated argument list).

*/

#include <minix/config.h>

#include <limits.h>

#include <timers.h>

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <minix/const.h>

#include <minix/type.h>

#include <minix/ipc.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <minix/com.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

#include <a.out.h>

#include <dirent.h>

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <signal.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <ttyent.h>

#include "../../kernel/const.h"

#include "../../kernel/type.h"

#include "../../kernel/proc.h"

#include "../../servers/pm/mproc.h"

#include "../../servers/fs/fproc.h"

#include "../../servers/fs/const.h"

/*----- ps's local stuff below this line ------*/

#define mindev(dev) (((dev)>>MINOR) & 0377) /* yield minor device */

#define majdev(dev) (((dev)>>MAJOR) & 0377) /* yield major device */

#define TTY_MAJ 4 /* major device of console */

/* Structure for tty name info. */

typedef struct {

char tty_name[NAME_MAX + 1]; /* file name in /dev */

dev_t tty_dev; /* major/minor pair */

} ttyinfo_t;

ttyinfo_t *ttyinfo; /* ttyinfo holds actual tty info */

size_t n_ttyinfo; /* Number of tty info slots */

/* Macro to convert memory offsets to rounded kilo-units */

#define off_to_k(off) ((unsigned) (((off) + 512) / 1024))

/* Number of tasks and processes and addresses of the main process tables. */

int nr_tasks, nr_procs;

vir_bytes proc_addr, mproc_addr, fproc_addr;

extern int errno;

/* Process tables of the kernel, MM, and FS. */

struct proc *ps_proc;

struct mproc *ps_mproc;

struct fproc *ps_fproc;

/* Where is INIT? */

int init_proc_nr;

#define low_user init_proc_nr

#define KMEM_PATH "/dev/kmem" /* opened for kernel proc table */

#define MEM_PATH "/dev/mem" /* opened for pm/fs + user processes */

int kmemfd, memfd; /* file descriptors of [k]mem */

/* Short and long listing formats:

*

* PID TTY TIME CMD

* ppppp tttmmm:ss cccccccccc...

*

* F S UID PID PPID PGRP SZ RECV TTY TIME CMD

* fff s uuu ppppp ppppp ppppp ssss rrrrrrrrrr tttmmm:ss cccccccc...

*/

#define S_HEADER " PID TTY TIME CMD\n"

#define S_FORMAT "%5s %3s %s %s\n"

#define L_HEADER " F S UID PID PPID PGRP SZ RECV TTY TIME CMD\n"

#define L_FORMAT "%3o %c %3d %5s %5d %5d %6d %10s %3s %s %s\n"

struct pstat { /* structure filled by pstat() */

dev_t ps_dev; /* major/minor of controlling tty */

uid_t ps_ruid; /* real uid */

uid_t ps_euid; /* effective uid */

pid_t ps_pid; /* process id */

pid_t ps_ppid; /* parent process id */

int ps_pgrp; /* process group id */

int ps_flags; /* kernel flags */

int ps_mflags; /* mm flags */

int ps_ftask; /* (possibly pseudo) fs suspend task */

char ps_state; /* process state */

vir_bytes ps_tsize; /* text size (in bytes) */

vir_bytes ps_dsize; /* data size (in bytes) */

vir_bytes ps_ssize; /* stack size (in bytes) */

phys_bytes ps_vtext; /* virtual text offset */

phys_bytes ps_vdata; /* virtual data offset */

phys_bytes ps_vstack; /* virtual stack offset */

phys_bytes ps_text; /* physical text offset */

phys_bytes ps_data; /* physical data offset */

phys_bytes ps_stack; /* physical stack offset */

int ps_recv; /* process number to receive from */

time_t ps_utime; /* accumulated user time */

time_t ps_stime; /* accumulated system time */

char *ps_args; /* concatenated argument string */

vir_bytes ps_procargs; /* initial stack frame from MM */

};

/* Ps_state field values in pstat struct above */

#define Z_STATE 'Z' /* Zombie */

#define W_STATE 'W' /* Waiting */

#define S_STATE 'S' /* Sleeping */

#define R_STATE 'R' /* Runnable */

#define T_STATE 'T' /* stopped (Trace) */

_PROTOTYPE(char *tname, (Dev_t dev_nr ));

_PROTOTYPE(char *taskname, (int p_nr ));

_PROTOTYPE(char *prrecv, (struct pstat *bufp ));

_PROTOTYPE(void disaster, (int sig ));

_PROTOTYPE(int main, (int argc, char *argv []));

_PROTOTYPE(char *get_args, (struct pstat *bufp ));

_PROTOTYPE(int pstat, (int p_nr, struct pstat *bufp ));

_PROTOTYPE(int addrread, (int fd, phys_clicks base, vir_bytes addr,

char *buf, int nbytes ));

_PROTOTYPE(void usage, (char *pname ));

_PROTOTYPE(void err, (char *s ));

_PROTOTYPE(int gettynames, (void));

/*

* Tname returns mnemonic string for dev_nr. This is "?" for maj/min pairs that

* are not found. It uses the ttyinfo array (prepared by gettynames).

* Tname assumes that the first three letters of the tty's name can be omitted

* and returns the rest (except for the console, which yields "co").

*/

char *tname(dev_nr)

Dev_t dev_nr;

{

int i;

if (majdev(dev_nr) == TTY_MAJ && mindev(dev_nr) == 0) return "co";

for (i = 0; i < n_ttyinfo && ttyinfo[i].tty_name[0] != '\0'; i++)

if (ttyinfo[i].tty_dev == dev_nr)

return ttyinfo[i].tty_name + 3;

return "?";

}

/* Return canonical task name of task p_nr; overwritten on each call (yucch) */

char *taskname(p_nr)

int p_nr;

{

return ps_proc[p_nr + nr_tasks].p_name;

}

/* Prrecv prints the RECV field for process with pstat buffer pointer bufp.

* This is either "ANY", "taskname", or "(blockreason) taskname".

*/

char *prrecv(bufp)

struct pstat *bufp;

{

char *blkstr, *task; /* reason for blocking and task */

static char recvstr[20];

if (bufp->ps_recv == ANY) return "ANY";

task = taskname(bufp->ps_recv);

if (bufp->ps_state != S_STATE) return task;

blkstr = "?";

if (bufp->ps_recv == PM_PROC_NR) {

if (bufp->ps_mflags & PAUSED)

blkstr = "pause";

else if (bufp->ps_mflags & WAITING)

blkstr = "wait";

else if (bufp->ps_mflags & SIGSUSPENDED)

blkstr = "ssusp";

} else if (bufp->ps_recv == FS_PROC_NR) {

if (-bufp->ps_ftask == XPIPE)

blkstr = "pipe";

else if (-bufp->ps_ftask == XPOPEN)

blkstr = "popen";

else if (-bufp->ps_ftask == XLOCK)

blkstr = "flock";

else

blkstr = taskname(-bufp->ps_ftask);

}

(void) sprintf(recvstr, "(%s) %s", blkstr, task);

return recvstr;

}

/* If disaster is called some of the system parameters imported into ps are

* probably wrong. This tends to result in memory faults.

*/

void disaster(sig)

int sig;

{

fprintf(stderr, "Ooops, got signal %d\n", sig);

fprintf(stderr, "Was ps recompiled since the last kernel change?\n");

exit(3);

}

/* Main interprets arguments, gets system addresses, opens [k]mem, reads in

* process tables from kernel/pm/fs and calls pstat() for relevant entries.

*/

int main(argc, argv)

int argc;

char *argv[];

{

int i;

struct pstat buf;

int db_fd;

int uid = getuid(); /* real uid of caller */

char *opt;

int opt_all = FALSE; /* -a */

int opt_long = FALSE; /* -l */

int opt_notty = FALSE; /* -x */

char *ke_path; /* paths of kernel, */

char *mm_path; /* mm, */

char *fs_path; /* and fs used in ps -U */

char pid[2 + sizeof(pid_t) * 3];

unsigned long ustime;

char cpu[sizeof(clock_t) * 3 + 1 + 2];

struct kinfo kinfo;

int s;

(void) signal(SIGSEGV, disaster); /* catch a common crash */

/* Parse arguments; a '-' need not be present (V7/BSD compatability) */

for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {

opt = argv[i];

if (opt[0] == '-') opt++;

while (*opt != 0) switch (*opt++) {

case 'a': opt_all = TRUE; break;

case 'e': opt_all = opt_notty = TRUE; break;

case 'f':

case 'l': opt_long = TRUE; break;

case 'x': opt_notty = TRUE; break;

default: usage(argv[0]);

}

}

/* Open memory devices and get PS info from the kernel */

if ((kmemfd = open(KMEM_PATH, O_RDONLY)) == -1) err(KMEM_PATH);

if ((memfd = open(MEM_PATH, O_RDONLY)) == -1) err(MEM_PATH);

if (gettynames() == -1) err("Can't get tty names");

getsysinfo(PM_PROC_NR, SI_PROC_ADDR, &mproc_addr);

getsysinfo(FS_PROC_NR, SI_PROC_ADDR, &fproc_addr);

getsysinfo(PM_PROC_NR, SI_KINFO, &kinfo);

proc_addr = kinfo.proc_addr;

nr_tasks = kinfo.nr_tasks;

nr_procs = kinfo.nr_procs;

/* Allocate memory for process tables */

ps_proc = (struct proc *) malloc((nr_tasks + nr_procs) * sizeof(ps_proc[0]));

ps_mproc = (struct mproc *) malloc(nr_procs * sizeof(ps_mproc[0]));

ps_fproc = (struct fproc *) malloc(nr_procs * sizeof(ps_fproc[0]));

if (ps_proc == NULL || ps_mproc == NULL || ps_fproc == NULL)

err("Out of memory");

/* Get kernel process table */

if (addrread(kmemfd, (phys_clicks) 0,

proc_addr, (char *) ps_proc,

(nr_tasks + nr_procs) * sizeof(ps_proc[0]))

!= (nr_tasks + nr_procs) * sizeof(ps_proc[0]))

err("Can't get kernel proc table from /dev/kmem");

/* Get mm/fs process tables */

if (addrread(memfd, ps_proc[nr_tasks + PM_PROC_NR].p_memmap[D].mem_phys,

mproc_addr, (char *) ps_mproc,

nr_procs * sizeof(ps_mproc[0]))

!= nr_procs * sizeof(ps_mproc[0]))

err("Can't get mm proc table from /dev/mem");

if (addrread(memfd, ps_proc[nr_tasks + FS_PROC_NR].p_memmap[D].mem_phys,

fproc_addr, (char *) ps_fproc,

nr_procs * sizeof(ps_fproc[0]))

!= nr_procs * sizeof(ps_fproc[0]))

err("Can't get fs proc table from /dev/mem");

/* We need to know where INIT hangs out. */

for (i = FS_PROC_NR; i < nr_procs; i++) {

if (strcmp(ps_proc[nr_tasks + i].p_name, "init") == 0) break;

}

init_proc_nr = i;

/* Now loop through process table and handle each entry */

printf("%s", opt_long ? L_HEADER : S_HEADER);

for (i = -nr_tasks; i < nr_procs; i++) {

if (pstat(i, &buf) != -1 &&

(opt_all || buf.ps_euid == uid || buf.ps_ruid == uid) &&

(opt_notty || majdev(buf.ps_dev) == TTY_MAJ)) {

if (buf.ps_pid == 0 && i != PM_PROC_NR) {

sprintf(pid, "(%d)", i);

} else {

sprintf(pid, "%d", buf.ps_pid);

}

ustime = (buf.ps_utime + buf.ps_stime) / HZ;

if (ustime < 60 * 60) {

sprintf(cpu, "%2lu:%02lu", ustime / 60, ustime % 60);

} else

if (ustime < 100L * 60 * 60) {

ustime /= 60;

sprintf(cpu, "%2luh%02lu", ustime / 60, ustime % 60);

} else {

sprintf(cpu, "%4luh", ustime / 3600);

}

if (opt_long) printf(L_FORMAT,

buf.ps_flags, buf.ps_state,

buf.ps_euid, pid, buf.ps_ppid,

buf.ps_pgrp,

off_to_k((buf.ps_tsize

+ buf.ps_stack - buf.ps_data

+ buf.ps_ssize)),

(buf.ps_flags & RECEIVING ?

prrecv(&buf) :

""),

tname((Dev_t) buf.ps_dev),

cpu,

i <= init_proc_nr || buf.ps_args == NULL

? taskname(i) : buf.ps_args);

else

printf(S_FORMAT,

pid, tname((Dev_t) buf.ps_dev),

cpu,

i <= init_proc_nr || buf.ps_args == NULL

? taskname(i) : buf.ps_args);

}

}

return(0);

}

char *get_args(bufp)

struct pstat *bufp;

{

int nargv;

int cnt; /* # of bytes read from stack frame */

int neos; /* # of '\0's seen in argv string space */

phys_bytes iframe;

long l;

char *cp, *args;

static union stack {

vir_bytes stk_i;

char *stk_cp;

char stk_c;

} stk[ARG_MAX / sizeof(char *)];

union stack *sp;

/* Phys address of the original stack frame. */

iframe = bufp->ps_procargs - bufp->ps_vstack + bufp->ps_stack;

/* Calculate the number of bytes to read from user stack */

l = (phys_bytes) bufp->ps_ssize - (iframe - bufp->ps_stack);

if (l > ARG_MAX) l = ARG_MAX;

cnt = l;

/* Get cnt bytes from user initial stack to local stack buffer */

if (lseek(memfd, (off_t) iframe, 0) < 0)

return NULL;

if ( read(memfd, (char *)stk, cnt) != cnt )

return NULL;

sp = stk;

nargv = (int) sp[0].stk_i; /* number of argv arguments */

/* See if argv[0] is with the bytes we read in */

l = (long) sp[1].stk_cp - (long) bufp->ps_procargs;

if ( ( l < 0 ) || ( l > cnt ) )

return NULL;

/* l is the offset of the argv[0] argument */

/* change for concatenation the '\0' to space, for nargv elements */

args = &((char *) stk)[(int)l];

neos = 0;

for (cp = args; cp < &((char *) stk)[cnt]; cp++)

if (*cp == '\0')

if (++neos >= nargv)

break;

else

*cp = ' ';

if (cp == args) return NULL;

*cp = '\0';

return args;

}

/* Pstat collects info on process number p_nr and returns it in buf.

* It is assumed that tasks do not have entries in fproc/mproc.

*/

int pstat(p_nr, bufp)

int p_nr;

struct pstat *bufp;

{

int p_ki = p_nr + nr_tasks; /* kernel proc index */

if (p_nr < -nr_tasks || p_nr >= nr_procs) return -1;

if ((ps_proc[p_ki].p_rts_flags == SLOT_FREE)

&& !(ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_flags & IN_USE))

return -1;

bufp->ps_flags = ps_proc[p_ki].p_rts_flags;

if (p_nr >= low_user) {

bufp->ps_dev = ps_fproc[p_nr].fp_tty;

bufp->ps_ftask = ps_fproc[p_nr].fp_task;

} else {

bufp->ps_dev = 0;

bufp->ps_ftask = 0;

}

if (p_nr >= 0) {

bufp->ps_ruid = ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_realuid;

bufp->ps_euid = ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_effuid;

bufp->ps_pid = ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_pid;

bufp->ps_ppid = ps_mproc[ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_parent].mp_pid;

bufp->ps_pgrp = ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_procgrp;

bufp->ps_mflags = ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_flags;

} else {

bufp->ps_pid = 0;

bufp->ps_ppid = 0;

bufp->ps_ruid = bufp->ps_euid = 0;

bufp->ps_pgrp = 0;

bufp->ps_mflags = 0;

}

/* State is interpretation of combined kernel/mm flags for non-tasks */

if (p_nr >= low_user) { /* non-tasks */

if (ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_flags & ZOMBIE)

bufp->ps_state = Z_STATE; /* zombie */

else if (ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_flags & STOPPED)

bufp->ps_state = T_STATE; /* stopped (traced) */

else if (ps_proc[p_ki].p_rts_flags == 0)

bufp->ps_state = R_STATE; /* in run-queue */

else if (ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_flags & (WAITING | PAUSED | SIGSUSPENDED) ||

ps_fproc[p_nr].fp_suspended == SUSPENDED)

bufp->ps_state = S_STATE; /* sleeping */

else

bufp->ps_state = W_STATE; /* a short wait */

} else { /* tasks are simple */

if (ps_proc[p_ki].p_rts_flags == 0)

bufp->ps_state = R_STATE; /* in run-queue */

else

bufp->ps_state = W_STATE; /* other i.e. waiting */

}

bufp->ps_tsize = (size_t) ps_proc[p_ki].p_memmap[T].mem_len << CLICK_SHIFT;

bufp->ps_dsize = (size_t) ps_proc[p_ki].p_memmap[D].mem_len << CLICK_SHIFT;

bufp->ps_ssize = (size_t) ps_proc[p_ki].p_memmap[S].mem_len << CLICK_SHIFT;

bufp->ps_vtext = (off_t) ps_proc[p_ki].p_memmap[T].mem_vir << CLICK_SHIFT;

bufp->ps_vdata = (off_t) ps_proc[p_ki].p_memmap[D].mem_vir << CLICK_SHIFT;

bufp->ps_vstack = (off_t) ps_proc[p_ki].p_memmap[S].mem_vir << CLICK_SHIFT;

bufp->ps_text = (off_t) ps_proc[p_ki].p_memmap[T].mem_phys << CLICK_SHIFT;

bufp->ps_data = (off_t) ps_proc[p_ki].p_memmap[D].mem_phys << CLICK_SHIFT;

bufp->ps_stack = (off_t) ps_proc[p_ki].p_memmap[S].mem_phys << CLICK_SHIFT;

bufp->ps_recv = ps_proc[p_ki].p_getfrom;

bufp->ps_utime = ps_proc[p_ki].p_user_time;

bufp->ps_stime = ps_proc[p_ki].p_sys_time;

bufp->ps_procargs = ps_mproc[p_nr].mp_procargs;

if (bufp->ps_state == Z_STATE)

bufp->ps_args = "<defunct>";

else if (p_nr > init_proc_nr)

bufp->ps_args = get_args(bufp);

return 0;

}

/* Addrread reads nbytes from offset addr to click base of fd into buf. */

int addrread(fd, base, addr, buf, nbytes)

int fd;

phys_clicks base;

vir_bytes addr;

char *buf;

int nbytes;

{

if (lseek(fd, ((off_t) base << CLICK_SHIFT) + addr, 0) < 0)

return -1;

return read(fd, buf, nbytes);

}

void usage(pname)

char *pname;

{

fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-][aeflx]\n", pname);

exit(1);

}

void err(s)

char *s;

{

extern int errno;

if (errno == 0)

fprintf(stderr, "ps: %s\n", s);

else

fprintf(stderr, "ps: %s: %s\n", s, strerror(errno));

exit(2);

}

/* Fill ttyinfo by fstatting character specials in /dev. */

int gettynames()

{

static char dev_path[] = "/dev/";

struct stat statbuf;

static char path[sizeof(dev_path) + NAME_MAX];

int index;

struct ttyent *ttyp;

index = 0;

while ((ttyp = getttyent()) != NULL) {

strcpy(path, dev_path);

strcat(path, ttyp->ty_name);

if (stat(path, &statbuf) == -1 || !S_ISCHR(statbuf.st_mode))

continue;

if (index >= n_ttyinfo) {

n_ttyinfo= (index+16) * 2;

ttyinfo = realloc(ttyinfo, n_ttyinfo * sizeof(ttyinfo[0]));

if (ttyinfo == NULL) err("Out of memory");

}

ttyinfo[index].tty_dev = statbuf.st_rdev;

strcpy(ttyinfo[index].tty_name, ttyp->ty_name);

index++;

}

endttyent();

while (index < n_ttyinfo) ttyinfo[index++].tty_dev= 0;

return 0;

}