Pre-code neo-Jacobean Tragedy's final venomous wheeze. THE SHANGHAI GESTURE (1941) sinks its cobra fangs deep into the mongoose of censorship, self-abasement, and social taboo. Its fangs sink deep into buried wells of buried sins black sins that the Breen Office had been keeping a lid on for years. They demanded over 30 script revisions got GESTURE and it's still mighty sleazy!
Based on a play by John Colton, GESTURE asks 1941 America to pretend Shanghai wasn't then locked in a death struggle with the Japanese. America still tried not get too involved (this was clearly released before Dec. 7) But the attack on Pearl Harbor was on its way... Hollywood exotica would never be the same again.
Directed by the great Josef von Sternberg and full of all his trademark decadent visuals, it doesn't have the divine Dietrich but a close friend of hers (from the 'sewing circle') if you get my drift. Ona Munsen (1) as a Terry and the Pirates-style dragon lady named Mother Gin-Sling, owner of a Shanghai casino structured like the rings of Dante's inferno. As the roulette wheel spins so does the wheel of degradation: Gigolo-ing, gold-digging, rickshaws through festival throngs, degraded murder, sleazy drug addiction, alcohol addiction, gambling addiction, white slavery, Mike Mazurki, suicide, elaborate revenge, hookah smoking, and Von Sternberg's super masochist sublimation power. Though thanks to a combination of the Breen Office, the long-term effect of the Depression, and the rumblings of another war, the sins and lifestyle we see are significantly reduced in wattage.
More than politics, though, SHANGHAI GESTURE is about the lack of Dietrich. No actress can be both imperious matriarch and bespoiled hottie other than "she." Without a star of major elusive persona-sliding range, these exotica fantasias can't sizzle properly: RAIN would be a mere drizzle without Joan Crawford; RED DUST (1932) on the other hand needs both Mary Astor in the rain and Jean Harlow in the rain barrel; THE MASK OF FU MANCHU (1934) has both Myrna Loy urging on the whipping, and also Karen Morely endangering the western world through soft-spotted carelessness, etc. Josef von Sternberg's whole oeuvre would be just chiaroscuro exotica if not for the enigmatic Marlene; and THE SHANGHAI GESTURE (1941) would have been perfect for Dietrich--she was even the right age. Did he hope to lure her back? I don't recall and I lost my copy of his autobiography, NOTES FROM A CHINESE LAUNDRY.
Munson, with headgear ostentatious enough for a Flo Ziegfeld's mythology revue, has a commanding presence but she can't infuse a single glance or wave with enigmatic playfulness and subversive innuendo, or radiate hypnotized cobra calm, like Dietrich. Munson can convey a kind of sinister Gale Sondergaard regality but that's only part of what makes a great dragon lady. There's a coke-drip sonorous jubilance in her voice, but no matter how gymnastic her balance of camp and dramaturgy, her headgear is what we remember. It screams camp diva, or at least sultry goddess but the last thing she should do is underplay her imperious grandeur. This is isn't CHU CHIN CHOW, baby!
Munson split our mortal plane in '55 with a suicide note that read "This is the only way I know to be free again... Please don't follow me."
Classic Munson.
The other players of this little comedy, meanwhile, seethe and stagger about the casino's few sets but never quite find a shared frequency: Gene Tierney, especially--beautiful though she may be--pouts so sourly as spoiled rich girl, Poppy, we wonder how Victor Mature (as pimp-procurer, Dr. Omar) can put up with her, let alone waste time trying to seduce her with Song of Solomon quotes and lame 'orientalist' lines like: "My mother was half-French and the other half was lost in the dust of time, so I am related to all the Earth, and nothing that's human is foreign to me." Yeeesh! Meanwhile, Maria Ouspenskaya hovers below decks as Mother Gin's mute assistant; Eric Blore is the casino's accountant; Mike Mazurki a 'coolie' rickshaw spy (there's no real Chinese actors in the film, other than extras); Michael Dalmatoff a Russian expat bartender; Ivan Lebedeff, about to blow his own brains out as an unlucky Russian expat gambler... and, looming on the horizon, on the opposite side of town, Walter Huston as the great white moral businessman fixing to evict Mother Gin-Sling. He's just bought her casino's whole neighborhood out from under her as part of a massive urban development project.
With eyes calmly alight, Mother Gin-Sling encourages our confidence in he grand plan to blast Huston's patriarch off his pedestal in the bug MADAME BUTTERFLY-style climactic revelation. Fate's fickle finger will spur her her New Years dinner party (an invitation Huston can't help but accept) into a third act denouement of MADAME BUTTERFLY self-immolation proportions. Bad drugs, drink, gambling, and sexual jealousy, and the now debauched Poppy's abrasive petulance shall come to collect--(NO SPOLER)
More than politics, though, SHANGHAI GESTURE is about the lack of Dietrich. No actress can be both imperious matriarch and bespoiled hottie other than "she." Without a star of major elusive persona-sliding range, these exotica fantasias can't sizzle properly: RAIN would be a mere drizzle without Joan Crawford; RED DUST (1932) on the other hand needs both Mary Astor in the rain and Jean Harlow in the rain barrel; THE MASK OF FU MANCHU (1934) has both Myrna Loy urging on the whipping, and also Karen Morely endangering the western world through soft-spotted carelessness, etc. Josef von Sternberg's whole oeuvre would be just chiaroscuro exotica if not for the enigmatic Marlene; and THE SHANGHAI GESTURE (1941) would have been perfect for Dietrich--she was even the right age. Did he hope to lure her back? I don't recall and I lost my copy of his autobiography, NOTES FROM A CHINESE LAUNDRY.
Munson split our mortal plane in '55 with a suicide note that read "This is the only way I know to be free again... Please don't follow me."
Classic Munson.
The other players of this little comedy, meanwhile, seethe and stagger about the casino's few sets but never quite find a shared frequency: Gene Tierney, especially--beautiful though she may be--pouts so sourly as spoiled rich girl, Poppy, we wonder how Victor Mature (as pimp-procurer, Dr. Omar) can put up with her, let alone waste time trying to seduce her with Song of Solomon quotes and lame 'orientalist' lines like: "My mother was half-French and the other half was lost in the dust of time, so I am related to all the Earth, and nothing that's human is foreign to me." Yeeesh! Meanwhile, Maria Ouspenskaya hovers below decks as Mother Gin's mute assistant; Eric Blore is the casino's accountant; Mike Mazurki a 'coolie' rickshaw spy (there's no real Chinese actors in the film, other than extras); Michael Dalmatoff a Russian expat bartender; Ivan Lebedeff, about to blow his own brains out as an unlucky Russian expat gambler... and, looming on the horizon, on the opposite side of town, Walter Huston as the great white moral businessman fixing to evict Mother Gin-Sling. He's just bought her casino's whole neighborhood out from under her as part of a massive urban development project.
With eyes calmly alight, Mother Gin-Sling encourages our confidence in he grand plan to blast Huston's patriarch off his pedestal in the bug MADAME BUTTERFLY-style climactic revelation. Fate's fickle finger will spur her her New Years dinner party (an invitation Huston can't help but accept) into a third act denouement of MADAME BUTTERFLY self-immolation proportions. Bad drugs, drink, gambling, and sexual jealousy, and the now debauched Poppy's abrasive petulance shall come to collect--(NO SPOLER)
JVS' litany of artsy touches is fine enough to help that not matter, and to make us long for an HD remaster. Von Sternberg sheathes Munson in exotic murals painted by Keye Luke, who--though Chinese--doesn't appear---hmmm. There's a slow litany of minor irritations like that which keep adding up. The cast seems either drunk, irritable, high on opium, or suffering withdrawal. Tierney's inability to separate playing a bitch with being a bitch is the biggest liability. It's as if all the drugs and booze and sex were just keeping her eternally hungover and cranky rather than turning her into a desirable drug addict wonton like the script calls for. If you've ever dated a girl so gorgeous you stick around even though she irritates the hell out of you, of she''s boring, crabby, manipulative, petulant and/or violent, then you may shudder in sad recognition. I know I did. And I don't come to Von Sternberg for that kind of shudder.
She does look beautiful, though: she knows it, though.
That said, slowness and pointless bits of business are the side effects of von Sternberg's style--every character is always moving towards or away from sex or death. There's very few daytime exterior shots and only one bit of Shanghai stock footage letting us know that it might seem like midnight in the casino ("Never Closes" is their motto) but it's actually a weekday morning and right outside poor bastards are shuffling to and from their petty 9-5 jobs while inside the wheel spins and everyone's still up. I used to love that in the old days, partying all night at a club or someone's loft and staggering out to find the sun is up and fresh-scrubbed bright-eyed people going to work etc. Me in opaque shades being carried by a guy on either side of me so I don't fall over while aghast commuters file past. I loved that shit!
With his terse delivery and rigid military posture, his dart-like movements, the way he kind of leans back and tenses up as if ready to hurl himself across a table at his quarry,--his vowels shortening as if on a count down to blast-off, Huston always excelled as inflexible moralist captains of industry, the kind never hip to their own fatal flaws. He was a cop fond of beating the truth out of suspects in BEAST OF THE CITY; a tough-ass by-the-book warden in CRIMINAL CODE; a King Lear-ish rancher in THE FURIES; and a sadistic crippled ivory trader in KONGO, and--most iconically for the time--the inflexible but ultimately corrupted reverend Henry Davison in RAIN. Just as the new testament patriarchal signifier--support and a kind no bullshit affection-- would become embodied by Spencer Tracy, Huston embodies the Old Testament wrath and vengeance.
I know it's a side note, but Spencer Tracy never worked with Howard Hawks, and I can see why: Hawks had a code of his own, and it had nothing whatever to do with following the letter of the law or mistaking sanctimoniousness and sentimentality for truth and justice. Tracy is so moral he needs a Mr. Hyde potion to slip his Rock of Gibraltar steadfastness. while Huston deludes himself from the beginning, seeing his greed and white male rightness as universal benevolence in the grand Fox News tradition. For example, in KONGO, he ruthlessly intimidates tribes of Congolese with juju magic tricks. Spencer might do similar things, but would think he was the good guy doing it, because he'd have a bible instead of a feathery headdress. Tracy would do it with a dopey smirk meant to win a Tess Trueheart prancing around in some meadow; Huston had no interest in being seen as good or noble, only in achieving his grand design, a kind of upper management application of governmentally sanctioned force, very in tune with the pre-code era, when the future survival of organized modern human civilization was still iffy. And unlike Tracy who rarely oversteps, Huston surges forwards, blind to any plea for tolerance, and often faces tragic realizations over what damage his inflexibility hath wrought, like a scissoring censor who realizes, too late, he's cut off his own genitals. Surely his son John drew on that persona for his own quintessential titan of industry in CHINATOWN.
She does look beautiful, though: she knows it, though.
That said, slowness and pointless bits of business are the side effects of von Sternberg's style--every character is always moving towards or away from sex or death. There's very few daytime exterior shots and only one bit of Shanghai stock footage letting us know that it might seem like midnight in the casino ("Never Closes" is their motto) but it's actually a weekday morning and right outside poor bastards are shuffling to and from their petty 9-5 jobs while inside the wheel spins and everyone's still up. I used to love that in the old days, partying all night at a club or someone's loft and staggering out to find the sun is up and fresh-scrubbed bright-eyed people going to work etc. Me in opaque shades being carried by a guy on either side of me so I don't fall over while aghast commuters file past. I loved that shit!
I'm rambling again, so that would seem to conclude the tour, so what of the antagonist? What of the... Huston?
I know it's a side note, but Spencer Tracy never worked with Howard Hawks, and I can see why: Hawks had a code of his own, and it had nothing whatever to do with following the letter of the law or mistaking sanctimoniousness and sentimentality for truth and justice. Tracy is so moral he needs a Mr. Hyde potion to slip his Rock of Gibraltar steadfastness. while Huston deludes himself from the beginning, seeing his greed and white male rightness as universal benevolence in the grand Fox News tradition. For example, in KONGO, he ruthlessly intimidates tribes of Congolese with juju magic tricks. Spencer might do similar things, but would think he was the good guy doing it, because he'd have a bible instead of a feathery headdress. Tracy would do it with a dopey smirk meant to win a Tess Trueheart prancing around in some meadow; Huston had no interest in being seen as good or noble, only in achieving his grand design, a kind of upper management application of governmentally sanctioned force, very in tune with the pre-code era, when the future survival of organized modern human civilization was still iffy. And unlike Tracy who rarely oversteps, Huston surges forwards, blind to any plea for tolerance, and often faces tragic realizations over what damage his inflexibility hath wrought, like a scissoring censor who realizes, too late, he's cut off his own genitals. Surely his son John drew on that persona for his own quintessential titan of industry in CHINATOWN.
| Chinese New Year, celebrating five thousand years of sex slavery |
--
| a ghoulish girl and a bottle of booze cures all ills |
Maybe it was the mushrooms that afternoon but I've felt, ever since that damp and dismal afternoon, that RAIN is a horror movie, a kind of DRACULA in reverse, about the dangers of religion and spirituality. With her thick early sound era make-up, Crawford's Sadie Thomson has a ghoulish obscene aura, the sister to Lugosi in MURDERS IN THE RUE MORGUE and Irving Pichel in DRACULA'S DAUGHTER; they could all share the same Max Factor black lipstick. And Huston is her Van Helsing, but thanks to being swamped in at a remote midway station on his way to the interior to convert savages he takes it as his duty to convert her back from vampirism, only to turn bloodsucker himself.
As Marlene said in MOROCCO, "there's a Foreign Legion of women, too."
| Kongo (1932) |
But if there's an entrainment to the frequency of the lord, there's an entrainment of the jungle, too. And it entrains Huston's Henry Davidson just as the lord's doctrine entrains Sadie. Huston clearly doesn't have her interest at heart, but is just adhering to the letter of the law out of a kind of continual self-denial agitated by the endless rain, the way senators campaign against gay rights and then go have a men's room tryst 'for research.'
Just how many movies had women of adventure expatriating in some remote tropical outpost, either servicing the local sailors, or just drinking with the other refugees, due to the success of RAIN? My friend, they are countless. And they all erupted from five important socio-political rubrics pre-code fans know well:
1. Miscegenation - It's important to remember that censors weren't just patriarchal prudes, they were racist. Being 'pre-code' never meant there was no censorship, just less 'clear' rules of conduct: sex outside wedlock between two white people could occur if the woman was a divorcee or widow and hence no longer needed to save her honor, or if the tryst was occurring in the land of savages--Africa, the tropics, Asia-- where the heat and the limited amount of white male options meant societal norms might melt away if the moment was right, the moon was shining and the fertility rite drums of the natives beating all night in the distance. Usually the only thing remotely like a white male authority figure in these film is s a drunk or junkie priest or doctor or ship's captain under some sort of fever or addiction, to further break down the veneer of modern civilization so that morality can't help but buckle.
MGM was the worst for using fear of miscegenation to distract censors so that white-on-white adultery, prostitution and premarital trysting could sneak in as a lesser of two evils--a trick still used on racist parents by manipulative white girls to this day!
2. Maugham -Just advertising your film as about some (white) hottie taking it on the lam to the tropics, hooking up with a (white) junkie doctor and/or committing murder means you want the public to associate it W. Somerset Maugham, the E.L. James of the 30s. Any film that wanted to have 'steam' just cherry picked plot points from his RAIN, SEVENTH VEIL, THE NARROW CORNER and THE LETTER. For awhile there, everywhere you looked were boorish doctors who'd rather treat cholera than have sex with their wives, British colonials with stiff upper lips awash in country club gossip, opium-addicted doctors making wry philosophical comments, wicker fans, gin and tonics in the hands of insouciant bachelor bounders facing down dull husband's pistols, violent rainstorms, distant tom-toms, rickety steamship gangplanks, grinning native servants, white chorus girls and decent women tricked into prostitution by gigolo arms dealer boyfriends or their agent sending them to the far east for cabaret jobs, and dull hypocritical protestant missionaries. See: MANDALAY, ROAD TO SINGAPORE, PRIVILEGE, MOROCCO, WHITE WOMAN, THE KEY, THE BARBARIAN, FRIENDS AND LOVERS, SHANGHAI EXPRESS... the list is endless, and thank god, or Maugham, for it.
3. Prohibition - Only America could be crazy enough to try to enforce such a law, so voyaging abroad, where liquor didn't taste like Turpentine and cost a fortune became a smart bet for drunks, like a pot smoker going to Amsterdam or Colorado today.
4. Exchange Rates: In the Post-WWI economy, the dollar went farther overseas, so one could live the high life in Europe or the kingly life in the tropics, whatever your pleasure (at least that was the fantasy in the minds of the hungry Depression-era masses.
5 Exotica - The Great War had forced us to get social with other nations. We came back interested in the art and cultures of far-off lands, riffing off the aesthetics of those regions, creating a picture of the 'other' as kinky, lurid, savage, totally class-conscious but with exquisite and bizarre taste.
And the Brits always loved Egypt.
1. Miscegenation - It's important to remember that censors weren't just patriarchal prudes, they were racist. Being 'pre-code' never meant there was no censorship, just less 'clear' rules of conduct: sex outside wedlock between two white people could occur if the woman was a divorcee or widow and hence no longer needed to save her honor, or if the tryst was occurring in the land of savages--Africa, the tropics, Asia-- where the heat and the limited amount of white male options meant societal norms might melt away if the moment was right, the moon was shining and the fertility rite drums of the natives beating all night in the distance. Usually the only thing remotely like a white male authority figure in these film is s a drunk or junkie priest or doctor or ship's captain under some sort of fever or addiction, to further break down the veneer of modern civilization so that morality can't help but buckle.
MGM was the worst for using fear of miscegenation to distract censors so that white-on-white adultery, prostitution and premarital trysting could sneak in as a lesser of two evils--a trick still used on racist parents by manipulative white girls to this day!
2. Maugham -Just advertising your film as about some (white) hottie taking it on the lam to the tropics, hooking up with a (white) junkie doctor and/or committing murder means you want the public to associate it W. Somerset Maugham, the E.L. James of the 30s. Any film that wanted to have 'steam' just cherry picked plot points from his RAIN, SEVENTH VEIL, THE NARROW CORNER and THE LETTER. For awhile there, everywhere you looked were boorish doctors who'd rather treat cholera than have sex with their wives, British colonials with stiff upper lips awash in country club gossip, opium-addicted doctors making wry philosophical comments, wicker fans, gin and tonics in the hands of insouciant bachelor bounders facing down dull husband's pistols, violent rainstorms, distant tom-toms, rickety steamship gangplanks, grinning native servants, white chorus girls and decent women tricked into prostitution by gigolo arms dealer boyfriends or their agent sending them to the far east for cabaret jobs, and dull hypocritical protestant missionaries. See: MANDALAY, ROAD TO SINGAPORE, PRIVILEGE, MOROCCO, WHITE WOMAN, THE KEY, THE BARBARIAN, FRIENDS AND LOVERS, SHANGHAI EXPRESS... the list is endless, and thank god, or Maugham, for it.
3. Prohibition - Only America could be crazy enough to try to enforce such a law, so voyaging abroad, where liquor didn't taste like Turpentine and cost a fortune became a smart bet for drunks, like a pot smoker going to Amsterdam or Colorado today.
4. Exchange Rates: In the Post-WWI economy, the dollar went farther overseas, so one could live the high life in Europe or the kingly life in the tropics, whatever your pleasure (at least that was the fantasy in the minds of the hungry Depression-era masses.
5 Exotica - The Great War had forced us to get social with other nations. We came back interested in the art and cultures of far-off lands, riffing off the aesthetics of those regions, creating a picture of the 'other' as kinky, lurid, savage, totally class-conscious but with exquisite and bizarre taste.
And the Brits always loved Egypt.