At my previous full-time role I worked on a simulator for just these sorts of black start events. The US has come very close to having regional outages of this scale several times in the last decade, and our black start capability is largely untested to my knowledge (by which I mean largely untested in real-world scenarios).

Spain is about to face the challenge of a “black start”
https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/04/why-restarting-a-power-grid-is-so-hard/

#ElectricPower #power #PowerGrid #BlackStart