光

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See also: 灮
光 U+5149, 光
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5149
← 先
[U+5148] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兊 →
[U+514A]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]
Stroke order
6 strokes

光 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⺌兀)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
  • Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 266, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5149

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 光
alternative forms
㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
烡
𠈑
𤉭
𤎫
𤐥
𰭧
 

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 光
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j23048
j23049
j23050
j23051
j23052
j23053
j23054
j23055
j23056
j23057
j23058
j23059
j23060
j23061
j23062
b14861
b14862
b14863
b14864
b14865
b14866
b14867
b14868
b14869
b14870
b14871
b14872
b14873
b14874
b14875
b14876
b14877
b14878
b14879
b14880
b14881
b14882
s07367
Transcribed ancient scripts
L32956
L32957
L32958
L32959
L32960
L32961
L32962
L10093
L10094
L10095
L10096
L10097
L10098
L10099
L10100
L10101
L10102
L10103
L10104
L10105
L10106
L10107
L10108
L10109
L10110
L10111
L10112
L10113
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
光 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
灮 *kʷaːŋ
洸 *kʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋ
桄 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
胱 *kʷaːŋ
垙 *kʷaːŋ
輄 *kʷaːŋ
恍 *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
茪 *kʷaːŋ
侊 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷraːŋ
晃 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
幌 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
榥 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
滉 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
觥 *kʷraːŋ
駫 *kʷeːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note: guǎng - "only".
Note:
  • gung1/gng1 - vernacular;
  • gorng1 - literary.
Note:
  • kng/kuiⁿ - vernacular (“light; to be naked; until none is left; bright; smooth; to become bright”);
  • kong/koang - literary (“ray; scenery; glory; time”).
Note:
  • geng1 - vernacular;
  • guang1 - literary.
Note:
  • 1kuan - used in 光火;
  • 1kuaon - all other senses.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 光
Mandarin Beijing /kuɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /kuaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kuaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuaŋ²¹/ ～頭
/kuaŋ²⁴/ 副詞
Xining /kuɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /kuã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /kuaŋ³¹/
Hefei /kuɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /kuɑŋ¹³/
/kuə¹³/ ～油油
Hohhot /kuɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kuɑ̃⁵³/
Suzhou /kuɑ̃⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kuɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /kuɔ³³/
Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
Tunxi /kau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kuan³³/
Xiangtan /kɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /koŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɔŋ⁵³/
Nanning /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
/kŋ̍⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kuaŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuaŋ³³/
/kɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kuaŋ²³/
/kue²³/
Rime
Character 光
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古黃切
Baxter kwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kwɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kuɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kuɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwong1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 光
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷˁaŋ/
English light, brightness

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 光
Reading # 1/2
No. 4506
Phonetic
component 		光
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷaːŋ/
Notes 灮隸變

Definitions

[edit]

光

  1. light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
    燈光／灯光  ―  dēngguāng  ―  lamplight
    聚光燈／聚光灯  ―  jùguāngdēng  ―  spotlight
    一束光透過門縫射進來。 [MSC, trad.]
    一束光透过门缝射进来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yī shù guāng tòuguò ménféng shè jìnlái. [Pinyin]
    A beam of light shone through the door.
    1. (specifically, physics) ray (Classifier: 條／条)
  2. to make bare; to be naked
    光著腳走路／光着脚走路  ―  guāngzhe jiǎo zǒulù  ―  to walk barefoot
    我光著呢。／我光着呢。  ―  Wǒ guāngzhe ne.  ―  I'm not decent.
    褪光光 [Hokkien]  ―  thǹg-kng-kng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to be naked; to be in the nude
  3. only; alone
    別光吃肉，吃點蔬菜吧。 [MSC, trad.]
    别光吃肉，吃点蔬菜吧。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bié guāng chī ròu, chī diǎn shūcài ba. [Pinyin]
    Don't eat only meat. Eat some vegetables.
  4. Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion; until none is left
    賣光了／卖光了  ―  mài guāng le  ―  completely sold out
    我已經用光了所有的錢。 [MSC, trad.]
    我已经用光了所有的钱。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ yǐjīng yòngguāng le suǒyǒu de qián. [Pinyin]
    I've already used up all of my money.
    你毋通將錢用甲光光。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    你毋通将钱用甲光光。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lí m̄-thang chiong chîⁿ ēng kah kng kng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Don't completely used up the money.
  5. scenery; sight
    風光／风光  ―  fēngguāng  ―  landscape
  6. glory; pride; honor
    臺灣之光／台湾之光  ―  Táiwān zhī guāng  ―  the pride of Taiwan; someone who has brought glory to Taiwan
  7. time
    光陰／光阴  ―  guāngyīn  ―  the limited time available in a person's life
    時光／时光  ―  shíguāng  ―  the inevitable passing of events from future to present then past
  8. bright
    光明  ―  guāngmíng  ―  bright; shining
    呢度好光。 [Cantonese]  ―  ni1 dou6 hou2 gwong1. [Jyutping]  ―  It's very bright here.
    這間房間真光。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    这间房间真光。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Chit keng pâng-keng chin kng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    This room is very bright.
  9. brightness; luster
    光澤／光泽  ―  guāngzé  ―  luster; gloss; sheen
  10. smooth; glossy; polished; shiny; sleek
    光滑  ―  guānghuá  ―  smooth; glossy; sleek
    石頭磨甲真光。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    石头磨甲真光。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Chio̍h-thâu bôa kah chin kng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The stone is polished smooth.
  11. (figurative) advantage; benefit; goodness
    沾光  ―  zhānguāng  ―  to benefit from an association with someone
  12. to add honor to; to win honor for; to add luster on
    光宗耀祖  ―  guāngzōngyàozǔ  ―  to bring honour to one's ancestors and clan
  13. (literary) to glorify; to bring honor to; to exalt; to make conspicuous
  14. Used in polite expressions.
    光臨／光临  ―  guānglín  ―  presence (polite)
    光顧／光顾  ―  guānggù  ―  to visit; to come; to patronize
  15. (Hokkien) to become bright; to brighten
    天光囉。／天光啰。 [Hokkien]  ―  Thian kng lô. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  The sky has become bright.
  16. a surname
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (light):
Dialectal synonyms of 光 (“light”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 光
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 光
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 光, 亮兒 †
Taiwan 光
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 光, 亮兒 †
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 光, 亮 †
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 光
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 光
Wuhan 光
Guilin 光
Dagudi (Maliba) 光
Reshuitang (Longling) 光
Mae Salong (Lancang) 光
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 光
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 光
Hefei 光
Cantonese Guangzhou 光
Hong Kong 光
Yangjiang 光
Hepu (Lianzhou) 光
Hepu (Shatian) 光
Beihai 光
Beihai (Nankang) 光
Beihai (Yingpan) 光
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 光
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 光, 亮
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 光
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 光
Móng Cái 光
Bangkok (Guangfu) 光
Gan Nanchang 光
Hakka Meixian 光, 亮
Shanghang 光
Fumian (Xisha, Xinqiao) 光
Luchuan (Sihe, Hengshan) 光
Bobai (Cuntou, Xintian) 光
Beiliu (Mumian, Xilang) 光
Xingye (Gaofeng) 光
Rongxian (Xiandi) 光
Bangkok (Jiexi) 光
Jin Taiyuan 光, 亮 †
Northern Min Jian'ou 光
Eastern Min Fuzhou 光
Southern Min Xiamen 光
Chaozhou 光
Shantou 光
Jieyang 光
Bangkok (Teochew) 光
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 光
Hat Yai (Teochew) 光
Pontianak (Teochew) 光
Puxian Min Putian 光
Wu Suzhou 光
Wenzhou 光
Xiang Changsha 亮, 光
Xiangxiang 光
Shuangfeng 光
Note † - beam or lamplight
Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 明, 亮
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 亮, 光亮
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 亮
Taiwan 亮
Malaysia 亮
Singapore 亮
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 亮
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 亮
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 亮
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 亮
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 亮
Wuhan 亮, 光
Guiyang 亮
Guilin 亮
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 亮
Yangzhou 亮
Hefei 亮
Cantonese Guangzhou 光
Hong Kong 光
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 皓
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 光
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 皓
Taishan 皓
Kaiping (Chikan) 光
Dongguan 光, 皓
Yangjiang 光
Nanning 光
Danzhou 光
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 光
Gan Nanchang 亮
Pingxiang 光
Hakka Meixian 光
Xingning 光
Huiyang 光
Huidong (Daling) 光
Dongguan (Qingxi) 光
Wuhua (Huacheng) 光
Heyuan (Bendihua) 光
Wengyuan 光
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 光
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 光
Liannan 光
Jiexi 光
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 光
Changting 光
Wuping 光
Wuping (Yanqian) 光
Wuping (Pingyu) 光
Liancheng 光
Ninghua 光
Yudu 光
Ningdu 光
Ruijin 光
Shicheng 光
Shangyou (Shexi) 光
Tonggu (Sandu) 光
Ganzhou (Panlong) 光
Dayu 光
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 光
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 光
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 光
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 光
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 光
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 光
Hong Kong 光
Mengshan (Xihe) 光
Luchuan 光
Senai (Huiyang) 光
Kuching (Hepo) 亮, 光
Huizhou Jixi 亮
Jin Taiyuan 亮
Northern Min Jian'ou 光
Eastern Min Fuzhou 光
Fuzhou (Changle) 光
Fuqing 光
Yongtai 光
Gutian 光
Fu'an 光
Ningde 光
Shouning 光
Zhouning 光
Fuding 光
Southern Min Xiamen 光
Quanzhou 光
Zhangzhou 光
Taipei 光
Kaohsiung 光
Yilan 光
Changhua (Lukang) 光
Taichung 光
Taichung (Wuqi) 光
Tainan 光
Taitung 光
Hsinchu 光
Penghu (Magong) 光
Penang (Hokkien) 光
Manila (Hokkien) 光
Chaozhou 光
Shantou 光, 亮
Jieyang 光
Bangkok (Teochew) 光
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 光
Leizhou 光
Wenchang 光
Haikou 光
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亮
Wu Shanghai 亮
Suzhou 亮
Hangzhou 亮
Wenzhou 光
Xiang Changsha 亮, 光
Shuangfeng 亮, 光
Antonyms
[edit]
  • (antonym(s) of “bright”): 暗 (àn), 黑 (hēi)
Compounds
[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (光):
  • → Japanese: 光(こう) (kō)
  • → Korean: 광(光) (gwang)
  • → Vietnamese: quang (光)

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 光
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古曠切
Baxter kwangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kwɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kuɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kuɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwong3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 光
Reading # 2/2
No. 4517
Phonetic
component 		光
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		桄
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷaːŋs/

Definitions

[edit]

光

  1. ‡ to color

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
光

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
光
ひかり
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨pi1kari⟩ → */pʲikari/ → /ɸikari/ → /hikari/

From Old Japanese.

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

光(ひかり) • (hikari)  (counter 筋)

  1. a physically perceived light:
    1. a light, beam, illumination
    2. a gleam, glow, ray
    3. a glimmer, shine, sparkle
      ダイヤモンドの光(ひかり)
      daiyamondo no hikari
      a diamond's glitter / shine / twinkling
    4. a luster/lustre, polish, sheen
  2. a metaphorical light:
    1. glory, influence, power
    2. a glimmer, gleam
      前(ぜん)途(と)に光(ひかり)を失(うしな)う
      zento ni hikari o ushinau
      to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
      解(かい)決(けつ)への道(みち)に光(ひかり)を投(な)げかける
      kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
      to shed light on the way to a solution
    3. positive aspect
      インターネット時(じ)代(だい)の光(ひかり)
      intānetto jidai no hikari
      the positive aspect of the internet age
    4. a displaying, putting on airs
    5. a vision, eyesight
  3. (optics) relating to light or vision: optical, photo-
    光(ひかり)ファイバー
    hikari faibā
    optical fiber
  4. (colloquial) Short for 光り物 (hikarimono): sashimi with some of the silver-colored skin left
Quotations
[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.

Synonyms
[edit]
Antonyms
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
  • → Okinawan: 光 (fikari)

Proper noun

[edit]

光(ひかり) • (Hikari) 

  1. Hikari (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)
  2. one of the bullet train services running on the 東海道 (Tōkaido) or 山陽 (San'yō) shinkansen
  3. a surname
  4. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
光
ひか(る)
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

光(ひかる) • (Hikaru) 

  1. a male given name
  2. a female given name

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
光
こう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

/kʷau/ → /kʷɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwang).

Compare modern Mandarin 光 (guāng), Hakka 光 (kông), and Min Nan 光 (kong).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

光(こう) • (kō) ←くわう (kwau)?

  1. light, gleam, shine
  2. gleaming, shining
  3. scenery
  4. glory, honor/honour, pride
  5. enlightening
  6. exhaust, run out
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun

[edit]

光(こう) • (Kō) ←くわう (Kwau)?

  1. a male or female given name

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwang).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 빗〮 (Yale: pís) 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

光 (eumhun 빛 광 (bit gwang))

  1. hanja form? of 광 (“light; shine, lustre”) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of 광 (“light”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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光

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
光
ふぃちゃい
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 光(ひかり) (hikari).

The stem form of verb 光(ふぃちゃ)ゆん (fichayun, “to shine, gleam”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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光(ふぃちゃい) (fichai) 

  1. light
  2. lush, polish, sheen
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
光
ふぃかり
Grade: 2

Borrowed from Japanese 光(ひかり) (hikari).

Doublet of 光 (fichai) above.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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光(ふぃかり) (fikari) 

  1. light
  2. (rare, obsolete) authority, power, influence, honor
Derived terms
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References

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Old Japanese

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Etymology

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Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (pi1karu, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

Noun

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光 (pi1kari) (kana ひかり)

  1. a light

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.

Descendants

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  • Japanese: 光 (hikari)

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

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Han character

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光: Hán Nôm readings: quang

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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