反

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
反 U+53CD, 反
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CD
← 双
[U+53CC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 収 →
[U+53CE]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order (Mainland China)
4 strokes

Han character

[edit]

反 (Kangxi radical 29, 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹水 (HE), four-corner 71247 or 72247, composition ⿸𠂆又(G) or ⿸厂又(TJK))

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 165, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3127
  • Dae Jaweon: page 375, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53CD

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 反
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (反) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扳 *praːn, *pʰraːn
板 *praːnʔ
版 *praːnʔ
瓪 *praːnʔ, *paːnʔ
昄 *praːnʔ, *braːnʔ, *paːnʔ
鈑 *praːnʔ
蝂 *praːnʔ
眅 *pʰraːn, *pʰraːnʔ
阪 *braːnʔ, *panʔ
魬 *braːnʔ
粄 *paːnʔ
反 *panʔ, *pʰan
返 *panʔ
坂 *panʔ
畈 *pans
販 *pans
汳 *pʰans
飯 *bonʔ, *bons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *panʔ, *pʰan) : semantic 又 (“hand”) + phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns). The character originally depicted the action of turning the palm of the hand, and by extension, it came to mean "to return" or "to reverse."[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad. 反
simp. # 反
alternative forms 仮

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par (“to trade; to buy; to sell”), from which Tibetan ཕར (phar, “interest (on money); exchange”) is derived.

Cognate with 販 (OC *pans, “to trade”), which is an exoactive of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan, “to return, lit. to make someone return”) (Schuessler, 2007).

番 (OC *pʰan, “a turn; a time”) is the iterative of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • bēng - vernacular;
  • huāng - literary.
Note:
  • péng/púiⁿ/pán/páiⁿ - vernacular;
  • hoán - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: boin2 / bain2 / huang2 / huêng2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: póiⁿ / páiⁿ / huáng / huéng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /põĩ⁵²/, /pãĩ⁵²/, /huaŋ⁵²/, /hueŋ⁵²/
Note:
  • boin2 - vernacular (Chaozhou, Chenghai, Raoping);
  • bain2 - vernacular (Chaoyang, Jieyang, Shantou);
  • huang2/huêng2 - literary (huêng2 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 反
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 府遠切
Baxter pjonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʉɐnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʷiɐnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuɐnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puanX/
Li
Rong 		/piuɐnX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭwɐnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯wɐnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 反 反
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fǎn fǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bænX › ‹ pjonX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]ˁranʔ/ /*Cə.panʔ/
English dignified, grand reverse (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 反
Reading # 1/2
No. 2968
Phonetic
component 		反
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		反
Old
Chinese 		/*panʔ/
Definitions
[edit]

反

  1. to turn over; to reverse
    反敗為勝／反败为胜  ―  fǎnbàiwéishèng  ―  to turn defeat into victory
    隻船反咗。／只船反咗。 [Cantonese]  ―  zek3 syun4 faan2 zo2. [Jyutping]  ―  The boat capsized.
  2. to return; to counter
    反攻  ―  fǎngōng  ―  to counterattack
    反問／反问  ―  fǎnwèn  ―  to ask a question in reply
  3. to rebel; to revolt
    造反  ―  zàofǎn  ―  to rebel
  4. to oppose
    反法西斯  ―  fǎnfǎxīsī  ―  antifascist
    反貪腐／反贪腐  ―  fǎn tānfǔ  ―  anti-corruption
  5. instead; on the contrary
  6. reverse
    你把衣服穿反了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Nǐ bǎ yīfu chuān fǎn le. [Pinyin]
    You have put your clothes on inside out.
  7. to infer; to generalize
    舉一反三／举一反三  ―  jǔyīfǎnsān  ―  to infer other cases based on one instance
  8. (literary) to reflect (on one's actions)
  9. (obsolete) to revenge
  10. (chemistry) trans-
    順反異構／顺反异构  ―  shùn-fǎn yìgòu  ―  cis-trans isomerism
    反-2-丁烯  ―  fǎn-èr-dīngxī  ―  trans-2-butene
    Antonym: 順／顺 (shùn)
  11. (Southern Min) to leaf through; to scan
  12. Alternative form of 返 (fǎn, “to return; to give back”)
  13. Short for 反革命 (fǎngémìng, “counterrevolutionary”).
    肅反／肃反  ―  sùfǎn  ―  to eliminate counterrevolutionaries
  14. (phonetics) Synonym of 切 (qiè)
  15. a surname

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 反
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 孚袁切
Baxter phjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰuan/
Li
Rong 		/pʰiuɐn/
Wang
Li 		/pʰĭwɐn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pʰi̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faan1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 反
Reading # 2/2
No. 2974
Phonetic
component 		反
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		飜
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰan/
Definitions
[edit]

反

  1. to redress
  2. to pour
  3. (phonetics) Short for 反切 (fǎnqiè, “fanqie”).
  4. to flip over

Pronunciation 3

[edit]
Definitions
[edit]

反

  1. Used in 反反.
  2. Alternative form of 販／贩 (fàn)

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (反):
  • → Japanese: 反(はん) (han)
  • → Korean: 반(反) (ban)
  • → Vietnamese: phản (反)

Etymology 2

[edit]
trad. 反
simp. # 反

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

反

  1. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note fa (4).
    Synonym: 凡 (fán) (Kunqu)

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
See also 反する

Kanji

[edit]
反

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. anti-

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
反
はん
Grade: 3
kan'on

Prefix

[edit]

反(はん) • (han-) 

  1. anti-
Antonyms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
反
たん
Grade: 3
kan'yōon
For pronunciation and definitions of 反 – see the following entry.
【段たん】6
[noun] a unit of areal measure equivalent to 300 坪 (tsubo), now standardised at exactly 120000/121 square metres (around 991.7 m²)
(This term, 反, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 反 (MC pjonX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [반(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

反 (eumhun 되돌릴 반 (doedollil ban))

  1. hanja form? of 반 (“reverse; anti-”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 反 (MC phjon).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

反 (eumhun 뒤집을 번 (dwijibeul beon))

  1. (literary) hanja form? of 번 (“to flip over”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 3

[edit]

Related to Middle Chinese 販 (MC pjonH).

Hanja

[edit]

反 (eumhun 팔 판 (pal pan))

  1. Alternative form of 販 (“hanja form? of 판 (“to sell”)”)

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

反: Hán Nôm readings: phản, phiên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=反&oldid=81722490"