斗

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See also: 鬥 and 头
斗 U+6597, 斗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6597
← 斖
[U+6596] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斘 →
[U+6598]
⽃ U+2F43, ⽃
KANGXI RADICAL DIPPER
← ⽂
[U+2F42] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽄ →
[U+2F44]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Japanese 闘
Simplified 斗
Traditional 鬥/鬭

Han character

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See images of
Radical 68 斗

斗 (Kangxi radical 68, 斗+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜十 (YJ), four-corner 34000, composition ⿽⿻㇀丨⺀)

  1. Kangxi radical #68, ⽃.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 477, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13489
  • Dae Jaweon: page 835, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2252, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6597

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 斗
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (斗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斗 *toːʔ
抖 *toːʔ
蚪 *toːʔ
枓 *toːʔ, *tjoʔ
阧 *toːʔ
斢 *tʰoːʔ
鈄 *tʰoːʔ

Pictogram (象形) (Shuowen), indicating a ladle-shaped dou used to measure grain (see below) held by hand. See also 升.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 斗
alternative forms 𤣫
𠦁
𣁬

Pronunciations 1 (“dipper, ladle”) and 2 (“water ladle”) are cognate. Variant character: 枓 (zhǔ, “ladle”). They probably belong to the same word family as 注 (OC *tjos, “to pour”), as a derived noun. Within Sino-Tibetan, compare Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “water”), འཆུ ('chu, “to scoop up, to ladle water”) and Burmese တို့ (tui., “to dip; large basket”).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • táu - vernacular;
  • tó͘/tió - literary.
Rime
Character 斗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 當口切
Baxter tuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/təuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/təuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/təuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/təwX/
Li
Rong 		/tuX/
Wang
Li 		/təuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斗
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁoʔ/
English bushel; ladle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斗
Reading # 1/1
No. 2451
Phonetic
component 		斗
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		斗
Old
Chinese 		/*toːʔ/
Definitions
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斗

Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 斗 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 斗 (Cantonese)
  1. (historical) A dipper or cup-like object, used in ancient China as a wine vessel.
    • 斗量  ―  dǒuliàng  ―  to measure with dou; numerous
    • 斗筲  ―  dǒushāo  ―  dou and xiao; humble; insignificant
  2. Any dou-shaped object; dipper, ladle.
    漏斗  ―  lòudǒu  ―  funnel
    熨斗  ―  yùndǒu  ―  flatiron
    • 煙斗／烟斗  ―  yāndǒu  ―  tobacco pipe
    • 風斗／风斗  ―  fēngdǒu  ―  wind scoop
    • 水斗  ―  shuǐdǒu  ―  water ladle
    • 墨斗  ―  mòdǒu  ―  carpenter's ink marker
    • 抽斗  ―  chōudǒu  ―  drawer
    • 斗笠  ―  dǒulì  ―  wide-brimmed rain hat
    • 斗篷  ―  dǒupéng  ―  cape, cloak
  3. Round or spiral shaped; fingerprint (a dactylogram)
  4. A unit of dry measure (for grains, especially rice) roughly equal to 1 decaliter.
  5. A unit of measure based on dou.
    • 升斗  ―  shēngdǒu  ―  sheng and dou; a small amount
  6. (figurative) small, short, narrow (as with a dipper)
    • 斗室  ―  dǒushì  ―  small room
  7. (figurative) big, high, to be full of (as with a dipper)
  8. Stars in general.
    • 星斗  ―  xīngdǒu  ―  stars
  9. (北斗) The Big Dipper, an asterism of seven stars.
  10. (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Dipper (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
  11. (南斗) A subconstellation of the above mansion, consisting of six stars.
  12. (小北斗) The Little Dipper, a constellation of six stars.
  13. A Chinese constellation (星官) consisting of five stars.
  14. Short for 刁斗 (“cauldron, cymbal”).
  15. Short for 科斗 (“tadpole”).
  16. (斗姆) Doumu, a goddess in Taoism.
  17. Alternative form of 枓 (dǒu, “the system of wood brackets on the top of a column supporting the crossbeam”)
    • 斗拱  ―  dǒugǒng  ―  corbel bracket
  18. Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “steep, cliffy”)
  19. Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”)
  20. Alternative form of 抖 (dǒu, “to tremble, to shake off”)
Compounds
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Descendants
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(Unit of dry measure)

  • → Tocharian B: tau

Pronunciation 2

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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斗
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*toʔ/
English ladle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Definitions
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斗

  1. A unit of measure for liquids.
  2. Alternative form of 枓 (“ladle or spoon used for scooping water”)
  3. Alternative form of 主 (“master, God”)

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 鬥 (“to fight; to struggle; to make animals fight; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 鬥).
Notes:

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 陡 (“steep; sloping; abruptly; suddenly; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 陡).
Notes:

Etymology 4

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simp. and trad.
 斗
alternative forms 搗／捣
捯

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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斗

  1. (Hokkien) time; an instance or occurrence
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 次 (“time (frequency)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 度
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 次, 回, 遍
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 次
Malaysia 次
Singapore 次
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 次
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 次, 回
Guiyang 回
Guilin 回
Liuzhou 回
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 回, 摩, 次
Cantonese Guangzhou 次
Hong Kong 次
Macau 次
Rongxian 次
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Ipoh (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Singapore (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Bangkok (Guangfu) 次
Betong (Rongxian) 擺
Gan Nanchang 次, 回
Pingxiang 次
Hakka Meixian 擺
Wuhua (Huacheng) 擺
Heyuan (Bendihua) 次
Liannan 次
Jiexi 輪
Changting 回
Wuping 下, 到
Ninghua 回
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 擺, 到
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 擺, 到
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 擺, 到
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 擺, 到
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 擺, 到
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 擺, 回
Hong Kong 次
Senai (Huiyang) 擺
Jin Taiyuan 次
Eastern Min Fuzhou 匝
Southern Min Xiamen 擺, 斗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 擺
Quanzhou 擺, 斗
Anxi 擺
Zhangzhou 擺, 斗
Zhao'an 次, 擺
Tainan 擺, 改, 斗
Penang (Hokkien) 斗
Singapore (Hokkien) 擺
Manila (Hokkien) 擺
Chaozhou 匝, 過
Jieyang 匝, 過, 擺
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 次, 匝
Singapore (Teochew) 擺, 匝
Leizhou 回
Wenchang 下, 次
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 遍
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 次
Wu Shanghai 次, 埭, 趟, 頓, 遍, 場, 轉, 下
Shanghai (Chongming) 趟, 頓, 場
Suzhou 趟, 頓, 場
Danyang 頓, 場
Hangzhou 埭, 趟, 頓, 通
Ningbo 回, 埭, 卯, 遭 dated, 記

Etymology 5

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simp. and trad.
 斗
alternative forms 啄
罩

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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斗

  1. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) snare; trap (especially with a trigger)
  2. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to snare; to catch in a trap; to ensnare
  3. (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, possibly dated) to catch between two sticks
  4. (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, possibly dated) to fasten a latch or small bolt
  5. (Taiwanese Hokkien, in general, possibly dated) to engage a trigger with a click sound (of a gun, trap, etc.)
  6. (Taiwanese Hokkien, in general, possibly dated) device with a trigger

Compounds

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

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斗

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. a unit of liquid measure

Readings

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  • Go-on: つ (tsu)
  • Kan-on: とう (tō)
  • Kan’yō-on: と (to, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ます (masu, 斗)、ひしゃく (hishaku, 斗)、とます (tomasu, 斗)

Compounds

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Compounds

Noun

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斗(と) • (to) 

  1. an obsolete unit of liquid measure equal to about 18 liters (18,000 cm³)

Korean

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Hanja

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斗 (eumhun 말 두 (mal du))

  1. hanja form? of 두 (“measure of about 18 liters; such measuring vessel”)
  2. hanja form? of 두 (“cauldron; cymbal”)
  3. hanja form? of 두 (“dipper, ladle”)
  4. hanja form? of 두 (“asterism around Polaris such as Big Dipper and Little Dipper”)

Synonyms

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  • (cauldron): 刁

Coordinate terms

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  • (unit): 合 (홉, hob, 1⁄100 mal); 升 (승, seung, 1⁄10 mal); 石 (섬, seom, 10-20 mal)

Compounds

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References

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Old Korean

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Pronunciation

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Reconstructed *twu- after both the Middle Korean reflex and the Sino-Korean reading.

Verb

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斗 (*twu-)

  1. to possess, to have
    • c. 1170, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 35, pages 12:02—03:
      當爲隱矣隱天下乙[有]斗賜爲旀
      TANG-hwo-n to-y-n THYEN.HA-r twu-si-wo-mye
      Now in this moment, [I] possess all under heaven
      (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)
    • c. 1170, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 35, pages 26:11—12:
      十尸 種叱無盡乙[有]斗良
      YEl KAc MWU.CIN-ur twu-e
      It has ten kinds of inexhaustibilities
      (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)

Descendants

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  • Middle Korean: 두다〮 (twùtá, “to place”)
    • Korean: 두다 (duda, “to place”)

References

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  • 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 76—84

Vietnamese

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Han character

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斗: Hán Nôm readings: đẩu, đấu, điếu, tẩu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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