泣

泣	U+6CE3, 泣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CE3

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

泣 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水卜廿 (EYT), four-corner 3011₈, composition ⿰氵立)

Derived characters

𠊔, 𠴹, 𢔆, 𢯛, 𰥴, 𨂖, 𬈢, 𪷥, 𬉙, 𦲷, 𩃜

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 617, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17309
Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1593, character 2
Unihan data for U+6CE3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		泣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泣
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (立) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
涖	rɯːbs, rɯbs
莅	rɯbs, rɯbs
蒞	*rɯbs
位	*ɢʷrɯbs
拉	*ruːb
菈	*ruːb
颯	*sluːb
立	*rɯb
粒	*rɯb
笠	*ɡ·rɯb
砬	*rɯb
岦	*rɯb
苙	ɡ·rɯb, ɡrɯb
鴗	*rɯb
雴	*r̥ʰɯb
泣	*kʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrɯb) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb). The character originally meant "tears," and by extension, it came to represent the act of "crying."^[1]

References

^ Digital Shinjigen 2017

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap (“to weep”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྲབ་ཁྲབ (khrab khrab, “weeper”) (STEDT; Mei, 1980b; Coblin, 1986; Baxter, 1995; Schuessler, 2007).

Often thought to be related to 淚 (OC *ruds, “tears”) (Mei, 1980b; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), but see there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qì (qi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jap¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khip

(Teochew, Peng'im): kib⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
  - Yale: chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jap¹
  - Yale: yāp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jap⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeb¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐp̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khip
  - Tâi-lô: khip
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qib
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰip̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰip̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰip̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰip̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰip̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kib⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khip
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰip̚²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 泣
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕi³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕi²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰip̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐp̚⁵/
	Nanning	/jep̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐp̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰip̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰi²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰip̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/li³⁵/

Middle Chinese: khip

Rime
Character	泣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	緝 (142)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去急切
Baxter	khip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰjip̚/
Li Rong	/kʰjəp̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hap¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k-r̥əp/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰrɯb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	泣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qì
Middle Chinese	‹ khip ›
Old Chinese	/*k-r̥əp/
English	weep
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泣
Reading #	1/1
No.	7877
Phonetic component	立
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰrɯb/

Definitions

泣

to weep; to sob (especially silently or quietly)
tears

Synonyms

(to weep):

edit

咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
哭 (kū)
哭泣 (kūqì)
哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
啜氣／啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
啜泣 (chuòqì)
啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
嗆／呛 (Hokkien)
嗚咽／呜咽 (wūyè)
大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
忽喇 (hueh⁴ ci¹) (Jin)
抽咽 (chōuyè)
抽噎 (chōuyē)
抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
抽泣 (chōuqì)
流淚／流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
流眼淚／流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
號哭／号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
號啕／号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
飲泣／饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)

Dialectal synonyms of 哭 (“to cry; to weep”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		泣, 哭
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		哭, 哭泣
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	哭
	Taiwan	哭
	Harbin	哭, 哭鼻子 humorous
	Malaysia	哭
	Singapore	哭
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	哭
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	哭
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	哭
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	哭
	Wanrong	哭
	Xi'an	哭
	Xining	哭
	Xuzhou	哭
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	哭
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	哭, 哭鼻子
	Lanzhou	哭
	Ürümqi	哭
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	哭
	Wuhan	哭
	Guiyang	哭
	Guilin	哭
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	哭, 哭鼻子 humorous
	Yangzhou	哭
	Hefei	哭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	喊
	Hong Kong	喊
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	哭
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	哭
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	哭
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	哭
	Macau	喊
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	喊
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	叫
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	哭
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	哭
	Foshan	喊
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	喊
	Foshan (Shunde)	喊
	Foshan (Sanshui)	喊
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	喊
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	喊
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	哭
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	哭
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	哭
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	哭
	Taishan	哭
	Kaiping (Chikan)	哭
	Enping (Niujiang)	哭
	Heshan (Yayao)	哭
	Dongguan	哭
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	哭, 喊
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	哭
	Yangjiang	哭
	Nanning	哭
	Beihai	哭
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	哭
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	哭
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	哭
	Danzhou	哭
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	喊
	Penang (Guangfu)	喊
	Singapore (Guangfu)	喊
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	喊
	Móng Cái	哭
Gan	Nanchang	哭, 叫
	Lichuan	啼
	Pingxiang	哭
Hakka	Meixian	叫, 叫眵, 叫嘴
	Xingning	叫
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	哭
	Huiyang	叫
	Huidong (Daling)	叫
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	叫
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	叫
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	叫
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	叫
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	叫
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	叫, 叫嘴
	Wuhua (Changbu)	叫, 叫嘴
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	叫, 叫嘴
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	哭
	Wengyuan	叫
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	叫嘴
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	叫
	Liannan	叫
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	叫
	Jiexi	叫
	Luhe	叫
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	唩
	Changting	唩
	Wuping	叫嘴
	Wuping (Yanqian)	唩
	Wuping (Pingyu)	叫
	Liancheng	唩
	Ninghua	唩
	Yudu	叫
	Ningdu	唩
	Ruijin	叫
	Shicheng	唩
	Shangyou (Shexi)	叫
	Tonggu (Sandu)	叫嘴
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	叫
	Dayu	叫
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	叫, 叫眵
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	叫, 叫眵
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	叫, 叫眵
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	叫, 叫眵
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	唩, 唩眵
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	唩
	Hong Kong	叫
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	叫
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	叫
	Xinyi (Sihe)	叫
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	叫
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	叫, 喊
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	叫
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	叫
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	叫
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	叫
	Mengshan (Xihe)	叫
	Luchuan	叫
	Sabah (Bao'an)	叫
	Sabah (Longchuan)	叫, 叫嘴
	Senai (Huiyang)	叫
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	叫
	Singkawang	叫
Huizhou	Jixi	嚎
Jin	Taiyuan	哭
Jin	Xinzhou	哭
Northern Min	Jian'ou	啼
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	啼
	Songxi	啼
	Zhenghe	啼
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	啼
	Jianyang	啼
	Wuyishan	啼
	Pucheng (Shibei)	啼
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	啼, 啼嘛
	Fuzhou (Changle)	啼
	Fuqing	啼
	Yongtai	啼
	Gutian	啼
	Fu'an	嚎
	Ningde	嚎
	Shouning	嚎
	Zhouning	嚎
	Fuding	啼, 哭
	Matsu	啼, 啼嘛
Southern Min	Xiamen	吼, 哭
	Quanzhou	吼, 哭
	Yongchun	吼
	Zhangzhou	吼, 哭
	Taipei	吼, 哭
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	吼, 哭
	Kaohsiung	吼, 哭
	Yilan	吼, 哭
	Changhua (Lukang)	吼, 哭
	Taichung	哭, 吼
	Taichung (Wuqi)	哭
	Tainan	吼, 哭
	Taitung	吼
	Hsinchu	哭, 吼
	Kinmen	吼
	Penghu (Magong)	哭, 吼
	Penang (Hokkien)	吼
	Singapore (Hokkien)	哭, 吼
	Manila (Hokkien)	吼, 哭
	Longyan	啼
	Zhangping	啼
	Datian	哭
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	吼
	Chaozhou	哭
	Raoping	哭
	Shantou	哭
	Jieyang	哭
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	哭
	Singapore (Teochew)	哭
	Leizhou	哭
	Wenchang	哭
	Haikou	啼
	Singapore (Hainanese)	哭
Puxian Min	Putian	吼
Puxian Min	Xianyou	吼
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	哭
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	哭
Shehua	Fu'an	叫
	Fuding	叫
	Luoyuan	叫
	Sanming	叫
	Shunchang	叫
	Hua'an	叫
	Guixi (Zhangping)	叫
	Cangnan	叫
	Jingning (Hexi)	叫
	Lishui	叫
	Longyou	叫
	Chaozhou	叫
	Fengshun	叫
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	啼
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	啼
Wu	Shanghai	哭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	哭
	Suzhou	哭
	Wuxi	哭
	Danyang	哭
	Hangzhou	哭
	Ningbo	哭
	Wenzhou	哭
	Jinhua	哭
Xiang	Changsha	哭
	Loudi	哭
	Shuangfeng	哭
	Quanzhou	哭

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/

Definitions

泣

^† (ideophonic, of wind) blowing rapidly; violent

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sè (se⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄜˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sè
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sè
  - Wade–Giles: sê⁴
  - Yale: sè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seh
  - Palladius: сэ (sɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɤ⁵¹/

Definitions

泣

^† Alternative form of 澀／涩 (sè)

Japanese

Kanji

泣

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

to cry, to weep

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←こふ (kofu, historical)}
Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きふ (kifu, historical)}
Kun: なく (naku, 泣く, Jōyō)、なき (naki, 泣き)

Korean

Hanja

泣 • (eup) (hangeul 읍)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

泣: Hán Nôm readings: khắp, khấp, lớp, rắp, rập, khóc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Digital Shinjigen 2017

[1]