A collection of paper on Large AI Models (LAMs) for wireless physical layer applications, extended from the overview paper by Jiajia Guo et al.

Contributors：Jiajia Guo,Tianyue Zheng, Yiming Cui, . If there are any omissions in the collection of the papers, please feel free to contact Jiajia Guo.

• Overview
• Pre-trained LAMs
• Native LAMs
• Special Issues
• Note
• License

• Large AI Models for Wireless Physical Layer (Aug 2025): Jiajia Guo, Yiming Cui, Shi Jin, and Jun Zhang.

• Generative and Large AI Models for 6G Wireless Networks: The Optimization Perspective (Apr 2026): Yong Zhou, Ting Wang, Youlong Wu, Puyu Cai, Fuhui Zhou, Yuanming Shi.

• Bridging Large Language Models and 6G Networks: Overview and Open Issues (March 2026): Xianke Qiang,Zheng Chang,Jianhua Tang,Wei Feng,Chungang Yang,Yan Zhang.

• Large Wireless Foundation Models: Stronger over Bigger (Jan 2026): Xiang Cheng, Boxun Liu, Xuanyu Liu, Xuesong Cai.

• Multi-Modal Data-Enhanced Foundation Models for Prediction and Control in Wireless Networks: A Survey (Jan 2026): Han Zhang, Mohammad Farzanullah, Mohammad Ghassemi, Akram Bin Sediq, Ali Afana, Melike Erol-Kantarci.

• Large Artificial Intelligence Models for Future Wireless Communications (Jan 2026): Chong Huang, Gaojie Chen, Pei Xiao, Zhu Han, Rahim Tafazolli.

• Large and Small Model Collaboration for Air Interface (Dec 2025): Yiming Cui, Jiajia Guo, Xiao Li, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin.

• A survey of foundation models for IoT: taxonomy and criteria-based analysis (Nov. 2025): Hui Wei, Dong Yoon Lee, Shubham Rohal, Zhizhang Hu, Ryan Rossi, Shiwei Fang, abd Shijia Pan.

• Generative AI Meets Wireless Sensing: Towards Wireless Foundation Model (Sept. 2025): Zheng Yang, Guoxuan Chi, Chenshu Wu, Hanyu Liu, Yuchong Gao, Yunhao Liu, Jie Xu, Tony Xiao Han。

• LLM-Enhanced Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Networks (Sept. 2025): Halvin Yang, Sangarapillai Lambotharan, Mahsa Derakhshani, and Lajos Hanzo.

• Large AI Model-Enabled Secure Communications in Low-Altitude Wireless Networks: Concepts, Perspectives and Case Study (Aug 2025): Chuang Zhang, Geng Sun, Jiacheng Wang, Yijing Lin, Weijie Yuan, Sinem Coleri, Dusit Niyato, Tony Q. S. Quek.

• Large Language Models for Wireless Communications: From Adaptation to Autonomy (Jul 2025): Le Liang, Hao Ye, Yucheng Sheng, Ouya Wang, Jiacheng Wang, Shi Jin, and Geoffrey Ye Li.

• A Survey of LLM-Driven Intelligent Processing for Physical-Layer Tasks in Wireless Communication (In Chinese, Jul 2025): WANG Wen;SUN Yaping;XU Xiaodong;HE Yejun;CHEN Hao;MA Nan;CUI Shuguang.

• From Large AI Models to Agentic AI: A Tutorial on Future Intelligent Communications (May 2025): Feibo Jiang, Cunhua Pan, Li Dong, Kezhi Wang, Octavia A. Dobre, and Merouane Debbah.

• A Comprehensive Survey of Large AI Models for Future Communications: Foundations, Applications and Challenges (May 2025):Feibo Jiang, Cunhua Pan, Li Dong, Kezhi Wang, Merouane Debbah, Dusit Niyato, and Zhu Han.

• DeepRT: A Hybrid Framework Combining Large Model Architectures and Ray Tracing Principles for 6G Digital Twin Channels (May 2025): Mingyue Li, Tao Wu, Zhirui Dong, Xiao Liu, Yiwen Lu, Shuo Zhang, Zerui Wu, Yuxiang Zhang, Li Yu and Jianhua Zhang.

• Wireless Large AI Model: Shaping the AI-Native Future of 6G and Beyond (Apr 2025): Fenghao Zhu, Xinquan Wang, Xinyi Li, et al.

• Towards Wireless Native Big AI Model: The Mission and Approach Differ From Large Language Model (Dec 2024): Zirui Chen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Chenyu Liu, Ziqing Xing.

• AI and Deep Learning for Terahertz Ultra-Massive MIMO: From Model-Driven Approaches to Foundation Models (Dec 2024): Wentao Yu, Hengtao He, Shenghui Song, Jun Zhang, Linglong Dai, Lizhong Zheng, Khaled B. Letaief.

• Towards a Wireless Physical-Layer Foundation Model: Challenges and Strategies (Mar 2024):Jaron Fontaine, Adnan Shahid, Eli De Poorter.

• Big AI Models for 6G Wireless Networks: Opportunities, Challenges, and Research Directions (Aug 2023): Zirui Chen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Zhaohui Yang.

• CRS-LLM (Apr 2026): GPT for Cooperative Beam Prediction.

  Paper Title: CRS-LLM: Cooperative Beam Prediction with a GPT-Style Backbone and Switch-Gated Fusion

  Paper Authors: Fangzhi Li, Cunhua Pan, Hong Ren, Dongming Wang, Jiangzhou Wang

• MambaCSP (Apr 2026): Hardware-Efficient MambaCSP for Channel Prediction.

  Paper Title: MambaCSP: Hybrid-Attention State Space Models for Hardware-Efficient Channel State Prediction

  Paper Authors: Aladin Djuhera, Haris Gacanin, Holger Boche

• LLM-AUG (Apr 2026): LLM for Wireless Data Augmentation.

  Paper Title: LLM-AUG: Robust Wireless Data Augmentation with In-Context Learning in Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Pranshav Gajjar、Manan Tiwari、Sayanta Seth、Vijay K. Shah

• LLM-Viterbi (Apr 2026): LLM for Decoding.

  Paper Title: LLM-Viterbi: Semantic-Aware Decoding for Convolutional Codes

  Paper Authors: Zhengtong Li, Chentao Yue, Jiafu Hao, Branka Vucetic, Yonghui Li

• LLM (Apr 2026): LLM for channel prediction.

  Paper Title: Enhancing 6G Wireless Intelligence: Do LLMs Work for CSI Prediction?

  Paper Authors: Mohsen Kazemian, Jürgen Jasperneite

• PC-LLM (March 2026): LLM for Power Control.

  Paper Title: Wireless Power Control Based on Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Jiacheng Wang, Yucheng Sheng, Le Liang, Hao Ye, Shi Jin

• LLM-GWO (Feb 2026): LLM for Gray Wolf Optimization.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-Based Gray Wolf Optimization for Near-Field ISAC Networks

  Paper Authors: Zhen Chen; Kezhi Wang; Jianqing Li; Xiu Yin Zhang; Kai-Kit Wong

• LLM multi-task (Jan 2026): LLM for Sensing-Aided Communication.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-Enabled Sensing-Aided Communication

  Paper Authors: Jifa Zhang; Ruichen Zhang; Na Deng; Chengwen Xing; Nan Zhao; Dusit Niyato; Naofal Al-Dhahir; George K. Karagiannidis

• FTAlign-LLM (Jan 2026):LMM for channel predictionn Cell-Free mMIMO Systems.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-Driven Channel Prediction in Cell-Free mMIMO Systems

  Paper Authors: Baolin Chong; Hancheng Lu; Dusit Niyato; Arumugam Nallanathan

• LMM-PS (Jan 2026):LMM for channel prediction and preemptive scheduling.

  Paper Title: Large Multimodal Model-Aided Scheduling for 6G Autonomous Communications

  Paper Authors: Sunwoo Kim, Byonghyo Shim

• LLM4XCE (Dec 2025):LMM for XL-MIMO channel estimation.

  Paper Title: LLM4XCE: Large Language Models for Extremely Large-Scale Massive MIMO Channel Estimation

  Paper Authors: Renbin Li, Shuangshuang Li, Peihao Dong

• MMSense (Dec 2025):Vision-based Foundation Model for Wireless Sensing.

  Paper Title: MMSense: Adapting Vision-based Foundation Model for Multi-task Multi-modal Wireless Sensing

  Paper Authors: Zhizhen Li, Xuanhao Luo, Xueren Ge, Longyu Zhou, Xingqin Lin, Yuchen Liu

• AutoMAS (Nov 2025):LLM for algorithm selection for wireless.

  Paper Title: AutoMAS: A Generic Multi-Agent System for Algorithm Self-Adaptation in Wireless Networks

  Paper Authors: Dingli Yuan, Jingchen Peng, Jie Fan, Boxiang Ren, Lu Yang, Peng Liu

• LLM4XCE (Nov 2025):LLM for XL-MIMO channel estimation.

  Paper Title: LLM4XCE: Large Language Models for Extremely Large-Scale Massive MIMO Channel Estimation

  Paper Authors: Renbin Li, Shuangshuang Li, Peihao Dong

• LLM4AMC (Nov 2025):LLM for Adaptive Modulation and Coding.

  Paper Title: LLM4AMC: Adapting Large Language Models for Adaptive Modulation and Coding

  Paper Authors: Xinyu Pan, Boxun Liu, Xiang Cheng, Chen Chen

• RadioSim Agent (Nov 2025):LLM as agents to perform ray-tracing simulation.

  Paper Title: RadioSim Agent: Combining Large Language Models and Deterministic EM Simulators for Interactive Radio Map Analysis

  Paper Authors: Sajjad Hussain, Conor Brennan

• LLM-PASS (Nov 2025):LLM-enabled beam training for PASS.

  Paper Title: LLM Enabled Beam Training for Pinching Antenna Systems (PASS)

  Paper Authors: Deqiao Gan, Xiaoxia Xu, Xiaohu Ge, Yuanwei Liu

• FM4Com (Nov 2025):Foundation Model for Scene-Adaptive Communication.

  Paper Title: FM4Com: Foundation Model for Scene-Adaptive Communication Strategy Optimization

  Paper Authors: Zhaoyang Li, Shangzhuo Xie, Qianqian Yang

• CP-GPT (Nov 2025):LLM for Channel Prediction.

  Paper Title: A Generative Pre-Trained Language Model for Channel Prediction in Wireless Communications Systems

  Paper Authors: Bo Lin, Huanming Zhang, Yuhua Jiang, Yucong Wang, Tengyu Zhang, Shaoqiang Yan, Hongyao Li, Yihong Liu, Feifei Gao

• LLM4PG (Nov 2025):LLM for Pathloss Map Generation.

  Paper Title: LLM4PG: Adapting Large Language Model for Pathloss Map Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Mingran Sun, Lu Bai, Xiang Cheng, Jianjun Wu

• GPT2+FAS (Oct 2025):LLM for Port Selection and Beamformin.

  Paper Title: LLM-Based Port Selection and Beamforming for Multiuser MISO with Fluid Antenna Systems

  Paper Authors: Wei Guo; Kai Liang; Gan Zheng; Xiaoli Chu; Guorong Zhou; Kai-Kit Wong, Chan-Byoung Chae

• CNN-GPT2 (Oct 2025): CNN+GPT-2 for near field beam prediction.

  Paper Title: Large-Model AI for Near Field Beam Prediction: A CNN-GPT2 Framework for 6G XL-MIMO

  Paper Authors: Wang Liu, Cunhua Pan, Hong Ren, Wei Zhang, Cheng-Xiang Wang, Jiangzhou Wang

• CPLLM&BFLLM (Oct 2025): LLM for channel prediction and beamforming for LEO satellite communications.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-Empowered Channel Prediction and Predictive Beamforming for LEO Satellite Communications

  Paper Authors: Zhixiong Chen, Hyundong Shin, Arumugam Nallanathan, Jonathon Chambers

• ChannelGPT (Oct 2025): LLM for wireless multitasking.

  Paper Title: ChannelGPT: A Large Model toward Real-World Channel Foundation Model for 6G Environment Intelligence Communication

  Paper Authors: Li Yu, Lianzheng Shi, Jianhua Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Yuxiang Zhang, Guangyi Liu

• LLM-Rx (Sep 2025): LLM for Pilot-Free OTFS Transceiver.

  Paper Title: LLM-Enhanced Pilot-Free OTFS Transceiver for High-Mobility Communications

  Paper Authors: Jiaming Cheng, Wei Chen, Bowen Yang, Bo Ai

• SignalLLM (Sep 2025): LLM for general purpose signal processing.

  Paper Title: SignalLLM: A General-Purpose LLM Agent Framework for Automated Signal Processing

  Paper Authors: Junlong Ke, Qiying Hu, Shenghai Yuan, Yuecong Xu, Jianfei Yang

• LLM4TS (Sep 2025): LLM for marine radar target detection.

  Paper Title: When marine radar target detection meets pretrained large language models

  Paper Authors: Qiying Hu, Linping Zhang, Xueqian Wang, Gang Li, Yu Liu, Xiao-Ping Zhang

• RadarLLM (Sep 2025): LLM for radar target detection.

  Paper Title: RadarLLM: Adapting Pretrained Large Language Models for Marine Radar Target Detection with Preference-aware Loss

  Paper Authors: Qiying Hu

• LPC-FT (Sep 2025): LLaMA for multipath generation via multi-modal sensory data.

  Paper Title: LLM4MG: Adapting Large Language Model for Multipath Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Ziwei Huang, Shiliang Lu, Lu Bai, Xuesong Cai, and Xiang Cheng

• LLM4SAGSIN (Sep 2025): LLaMA for path prediction and semantic reconstruction.

  Paper Title: LLM-Enhanced Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Networks

  Paper Authors: Halvin Yang, Sangarapillai Lambotharan, Mahsa Derakhshani, Lajos Hanzo

• LLM-CF (Sep 2025): LLM for CSI feedback exploiting temporal and bi-direction correlation.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-based CSI Feedback for Massive MIMO Systems

  Paper Authors: Seokhyun Jeong, Jihoon Moon, Hokyung Kim, Hyunjun Kwon, Byonghyo Shim

• SCA-LLM (Sep 2025): LLM for Spectral-Attentive Channel Prediction.

  Paper Title: SCA-LLM: Spectral-Attentive Channel Prediction with Large Language Models in MIMO-OFDM

  Paper Authors: Ke He, Le He, Lisheng Fan, Xianfu Lei, Thang X. Vu, George K. Karagiannidis, Symeon Chatzinotas

• MLLM (Sep 2025): MLLM for prediction of communication link quality metric.

  Paper Title: Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Collaborative Spatial Perception via Multimodal Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: YKimia Ehsani and Walid Saad

• Port-LLM (Aug 2025): LLM for FAS configurations.

  Paper Title: Fluid Antenna Port Prediction based on Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Yali Zhang, Haifan Yin, Weidong Li, Emil Bjornson, Merouane Debbah

• LLM+FAS (Aug 2025): LLM for FAS configurations.

  Paper Title: Integrating Large Language Models into Fluid Antenna Systems: A Survey

  Paper Authors: Tingsong Deng,Yan Gao,Tong Zhang, Mingjie Shao, Wanli Ni, and Hao Xu

• LLM-RIMSA (Aug 2025): LLM for RIS configurations.

  Paper Title: LLM-RIMSA: Large Language Models driven Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface Antenna Systems

  Paper Authors: Yunsong Huang, Hui-Ming Wang, Qingli Yan, Zhaowei Wang

• LLM4feedback+MoA (Jul 2025): LLM + Mixture-of-Agents (MoA) for CSI feedback.

  Paper Title: Leveraging Pre-Trained Large Language Models for CSI Feedback in Massive MIMO Systems

  Paper Authors: Yiming Cui, Jiajia , Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin, En Tong

• LVM4CSI (Jul 2025): ConvNeXt/DINO-X for CSI tasks including channel estimation, user localization, and sensing.

  Paper Title: LVM4CSI: Enabling Direct Application of Pre-Trained Large Vision Models for Wireless Channel Tasks

  Paper Authors: Jiajia , Peiwen Jiang, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin, Jun Zhang

• M2BeamLLM (Jun 2025): Multimodal beam prediction with sensor data fusion.

  Paper Title: M2BeamLLM: Multimodal Sensing-empowered mmWave Beam Prediction with Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Can Zheng, Jiguang He, Chung G. Kang, fa Cai, Zitong Yu, Merouane Debbah

• DeepForm (Jun 2025): LLM for communication system formulation.

  Paper Title: DeepForm: Reasoning Large Language Model for Communication System Formulation

  Paper Authors: Panlong Wu, Ting Wang, Yifei Zhong, Haoqi Zhang, Zitong Wang, Fangxin Wang

• LLM4beamforming&user association (Jun 2025): Discussing with LLM for joint user association and beamforming.

  Paper Title: Joint User Association and Beamforming Design for ISAC Networks with Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Haoyun Li, Ming Xiao, Kezhi Wang, Robert Schober, Dong In Kim, Yong Liang Guan

• LLM4SG (May 2025): GPT-2 for LIDAR-to-scatterer mapping.

  Paper Title: LLM4SG: Large Language Models for Scatterer Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Zengrui Han, Lu Bai, Ziwei Huang, Xiang Cheng

• CSI-ALM (May 2025): GPT-2 for channel prediction with semantic alignment.

  Paper Title: Bridging the Modality Gap: Enhancing Channel Prediction with Semantically Aligned LLMs and Knowledge Distillation

  Paper Authors: Zhaoyang Li, Qianqian Yang, Zehui Xiong, Zhi Shi, Tony Q. S. Quek

• FAS-LLM (May 2025): LLaMA for channel prediction in OTFS-enabled satellite-FAS links.

  Paper Title: FAS-LLM: Large Language Model-Based Channel Prediction for OTFS-Enabled Satellite-FAS Links

  Paper Authors: Halvin Yang, Sangarapillai Lambotharan, Mahsa Derakhshani

• SA-LLM4CP (May 2025): GPT-2 for sensing-assisted channel prediction.

  Paper Title: Sensing-Assisted Channel Prediction in Complex Wireless Environments: An LLM-Based Approach

  Paper Authors: Junjie He, Zixiang Ren, Jianping Yao, Han Hu, Tony Xiao Han, Jie Xu

• LVM4CF (May 2025): LLaMA for codebook-based CSI feedback.

  Paper Title: Extract the Best, Discard the Rest: CSI Feedback with Offline Large AI Models

  Paper Authors: Jialin Zhuang, Yafei Wang, Hongwei Hou, Yu Han, Wenjin Wang, Shi Jin, Jiangzhou Wang

• ASLLM (May 2025): GPT-2 for channel prediction in satellite communications.

  Paper Title: LLM Channel Prediction Method for TDD OTFS Low-Earth-Orbit Satellite Communication Systems

  Paper Authors: Yuxin You, Xinglong Jiang, Huijie Liu, Guang Liang

• LLM4Equalization (May 2025): GPT-2 for MIMO equalization.

  Paper Title: Large Sequence Model for MIMO Equalization in Fully Decoupled Radio Access Network

  Paper Authors: Kai Yu, Haibo Zhou, Yunting Xu, Zongxi Liu, Hongyang Du, Xuemin Shen

• IoX (May 2025): LLM for calling multiple wireless AI models.

  Paper Title: Model Context Protocol-based Internet of Experts For Wireless Environment-aware LLM Agents

  Paper Authors: Zongxi Liu, Hongyang Du

• BeamLLM (Mar 2025): GPT-2 for vision-assisted beam prediction.

  Paper Title: BeamLLM: Vision-Empowered mmWave Beam Prediction with Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Can Zheng, Jiguang He, fa Cai, Zitong Yu, Chung G. Kang

• 2DLAM (Mar 2025): ImageGPT for joint delay-Doppler estimation.

  Paper Title: 2DLAM: Joint Delay-Doppler Estimation in UAV mmWave System via Large AI Model

  Paper Authors: Daixin Xie, Chenxi Liu, Wei Wang, Fengxian , Xiaoling Hu

• Port-LLM (Feb 2025): GPT-2 for port selection in fluid antenna systems.

  Paper Title: Port-LLM: A Port Prediction Method for Fluid Antenna based on Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Yali Zhang, Haifan Yin, Weidong Li, Emil Bjornson,Merouane Debbah

• RadioLLM (Jan 2025): GPT-2 for cognitive radio-related multi-tasking.

  Paper Title: RadioLLM: Introducing Large Language Model into Cognitive Radio via Hybrid Prompt and Token Reprogrammings

  Paper Authors: Shuai Chen, Yong Zu, Zhixi Feng, Shuyuan Yang, Mengchang Li

• LLM4WM (Jan 2025): LoRA-style MoE for wireless multi-tasking.

  Paper Title: LLM4WM: Adapting LLM for Wireless Multi-Tasking

  Paper Authors: Xuanyu Liu, Shijian Gao, Boxun Liu, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

• LLM4feedback (Jan 2025): GPT-2 for CSI feedback.

  Paper Title: Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models for Massive MIMO CSI Feedback

  Paper Authors: Yiming Cui, Jiajia , Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin, En Tong

• Multi-task LLM (Dec 2024): LAM for multiple physical lauyer tasks: signal detection, precoding and channel prediction.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model Enabled Multi-Task Physical Layer Network

  Paper Authors: Tianyue Zheng, Linglong Dai

• BP-LLM (Aug 2024): GPT-2 for beam prediction with Prompt-as-prefix mechanism.
  Paper Title: Beam Prediction based on Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Yucheng Sheng, Kai Huang, Le Liang, Peng Liu, Shi Jin, Geoffrey Ye Li

• LLM4CP (Jun 2024): GPT-2 for channel prediction with uplink-downlink CSI mapping. Paper Title: LLM4CP: Adapting Large Language Models for Channel Prediction

  Paper Authors: Boxun Liu, Xuanyu Liu, Shijian Gao, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

Native LAMs are built from scratch for wireless physical layer tasks, using extensive wireless datasets and Transformer architectures. Key examples include:

• oundation Model (May 2026): Size of wireless Foundation Model.

  Paper Title: How Big Should a Wireless Foundation Model Be?

  Paper Authors: Wei-Lun Cheng, Wanjiun Liao

• 3D-RoPE (May 2026): Physics-Aligned Rotary Positional Encoding.

  Paper Title: Adaptive 3D-RoPE: Physics-Aligned Rotary Positional Encoding for Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Chenyu Zhang, Xinchen Lyu, Chenshan Ren, Shuhan Liu, Qimei Cui

• AirFM-DDA (May 2026): Foundation Model for Air-Interface in the Delay-Doppler-Angle Domain.

  Paper Title: AirFM-DDA: Air-Interface Foundation Model in the Delay-Doppler-Angle Domain for AI-Native 6G

  Paper Authors: Kejia Bian, Meixia Tao, Jianhua Mo, Zhiyong Chen, Leyan Chen

• GFM (Apr 2026): Graph Foundation Model for Wireless Resource Allocation.

  Paper Title: A Graph Foundation Model for Wireless Resource Allocation

  Paper Authors: Yucheng Sheng, Jiacheng Wang, Le Liang, Hao Ye, Shi Jin

• JEPA-MSAC (Mar 2026): Wireless foundation for Multimodal Sensing-Assisted Communications.

  Paper Title: JEPA-MSAC: A Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture for Multimodal Sensing-Assisted Communications

  Paper Authors: Can Zheng, Jiguang He, Guofa Cai, Nannan Li, Mehdi Bennis, Henk Wymeersch, Merouane Debbah

• WiMamba (Mar 2026): Wireless foundation model built upon the recently proposed Mamba architecture.

  Paper Title: WiMamba: Linear-Scale Wireless Foundation Model

  Paper Authors: Tomer Raviv, Nir Shlezinger

• MCM (Mar 2026): Pre-Trained Large Channel Models for Wireless Communication System.

  Paper Title: Scalable Pre-Trained Large Channel Models for Wireless Communication Systems

  Paper Authors: Jianhua Guo; Zhongsheng Deng; Zhen Qiao; Junkai Zhang; Jiang Xue; Dusit Niyato; Zongben Xu

• WWM (Mar 2026): A multi-modal foundation framework predicting the spatiotemporal evolution of wireless channels.

  Paper Title: A Wireless World Model for AI-Native 6G Networks

  Paper Authors: Ziqi Chen, Yi Ren, Yixuan Huang, Qi Sun, Nan Li, Yuhong Huang, Chih-Lin I, Yifan Li, Liang Xia

• WiCo (Mar 2026): Fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) for Channel Modeling (LLM4CM) and Wireless Channel Foundation Model (WiCo).

  Paper Title: Multi-Modal Intelligent Channel Modeling: From Fine-tuned LLMs to Pre-trained Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Lu Bai, Zengrui Han, Mingran Sun, Xiang Cheng

• LWM-Temporal (Feb 2026): Operates in the angle-delay-time domain and introduces Sparse Spatio-Temporal Attention (SSTA).

  Paper Title: LWM-Temporal: Sparse Spatio-Temporal Attention for Wireless Channel Representation Learning

  Paper Authors: Sadjad Alikhani, Akshay Malhotra, Shahab Hamidi-Rad, Ahmed Alkhateeb

• TokenCom (Feb 2026): VLM Framework Designed for Token Communications.

  Paper Title: TokenCom: Vision-Language Model for Multimodal and Multitask Token Communications

  Paper Authors: Feibo Jiang, Siwei Tu, Li Dong, Xiaolong Li, Kezhi Wang, Cunhua Pan, Zhu Han, Jiangzhou Wang

• FM-RME (Feb 2026): Multi-dimensional Radio Map Estimation.

  Paper Title: FM-RME: Foundation Model Empowered Radio Map Estimation

  Paper Authors: Dong Yang, Yue Wang, Songyang Zhang, Yingshu Li, Zhipeng Cai, Zhi Tian

• AM-FM (Feb 2026): Ambient Intelligence and Sensing through WiFi.

  Paper Title: AM-FM: A Foundation Model for Ambient Intelligence Through WiFi

  Paper Authors: Guozhen Zhu, Yuqian Hu, Sakila Jayaweera, Weihang Gao, Wei-Hsiang Wang, Jiaxuan Zhang, Beibei Wang, Chenshu Wu, K. J. Ray Liu

• MMFM4WCS (Feb 2026): Multi-modal FM for Physical-layer Wireless Systems.

  Paper Title: A Multi-Modal Foundational Model for Wireless Communication and Sensing

  Paper Authors: Vahid Yazdnian, Yasaman Ghasempour

• FPM (Feb 2026): CKM Construction Framework Enabled by a Foundation Prior Model.

  Paper Title: A Scalable Cloud-Edge Collaborative CKM Construction Framework Enabled by a Foundation Prior Model

  Paper Authors: Sixu Xiao, Yong Zeng, Haotian Rong, Yanqun Tang

• HeterCSI (Jan 2026): Channel-Adaptive Heterogeneous CSI Foundation Model.

  Paper Title: HeterCSI: Channel-Adaptive Heterogeneous CSI Pretraining Framework for Generalized Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Chenyu Zhang, Xinchen Lyu, Chenshan Ren, Shuhan Liu, Qimei Cui, Xiaofeng Tao

• RF-MatID (Jan 2026): Dataset and Benchmark for Radio Frequency Material Identification.

  Paper Title: RF-MatID: Dataset and Benchmark for Radio Frequency Material Identification

  Paper Authors: Xinyan Chen, Qinchun Li, Ruiqin Ma, Jiaqi Bai, Li Yi, Jianfei Yang

• WirelessJEPA (Jan 2026): Foundation Model for Spatio-temporal Wireless Latent Predictions.

  Paper Title: WirelessJEPA: A Multi-Antenna Foundation Model using Spatio-temporal Wireless Latent Predictions

  Paper Authors: Viet Chu, Omar Mashaal, Hatem Abou-Zeidn

• LMM-BM (Jan 2026): Multimodal Large Model for Beam Management.

  Paper Title: Large Multimodal Model-Based Environment-Aware Beam Management

  Paper Authors: Seungnyun Kim; Subham Saha; Seokhyun Jeong; Byonghyo Shim; Moe Z. Winn

• LMM-CE (Jan 2026): Multimodal Large Model for Channel Estimation.

  Paper Title: Large Multimodal Model-Based Environment-Aware Channel Estimation

  Paper Authors: Seungnyun Kim; Seokhyun Jeong; Jiao Wu; Byonghyo Shim; Moe Z. Win

• WiFo-E (Jan 2026): Foundation Model for End-to-End FDD Precoding.

  Paper Title: WiFo-E: A Scalable Wireless Foundation Model for End-to-End FDD Precoding in Communication Networks

  Paper Authors: Weibo Wen, Shijian Gao, Haotian Zhang, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

• WiFo-M^2 (Jan 2026): Multi-Modal Foundation Model to Empower Wireless Communications.

  Paper Title: WiFo-M^2: Plug-and-Play Multi-Modal Sensing via Foundation Model to Empower Wireless Communications

  Paper Authors: Haotian Zhang, Shijian Gao, Xiang Cheng

• LWM-Spectro (Jan 2026):Foundation Model for Wireless Baseband Signal Spectrograms

  Paper Title: LWM-Spectro: A Foundation Model for Wireless Baseband Signal Spectrograms

  Paper Authors: Namhyun Kim, Sadjad Alikhani, Ahmed Alkhateeb

• CSI-MAE (Jan 2026): A generalized CFM leveraging masked autoencoder for cross-scenario generalization

  Paper Title: CSI-MAE: A Masked Autoencoder-based Channel Foundation Model

  Paper Authors: Jun Jiang, Xiaolong Ruan, Shugong Xu

• WiFo-MUD (Jan 2026): Universal diffusion based foundation model for multi-user demodulation

  Paper Title: WiFo-MUD: Wireless Foundation Model for Heterogeneous Multi-User Demodulator

  Paper Authors: Zonghui Yang, Shijian Gao, Xuesong Cai, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

• PFM (Dec 2025): Predictive foundation model for channel acquistion and reducing pilot overhead

  Paper Title: Reducing Pilots in Channel Estimation With Predictive Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Xingyu Zhou, Le Liang, Hao Ye, Jing Zhang, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin

• WMFM (Dec 2025): Contrastive learning based Wireless Multimodal Foundation Model

  Paper Title: Wireless Multimodal Foundation Model (WMFM): Integrating Vision and Communication Modalities for 6G ISAC Systems

  Paper Authors: Mohammad Farzanullah, Han Zhang, Akram Bin Sediq, Ali Afana, Melike Erol-Kantarci

• LASCO (Dec 2025): Large and Small Model Collaboration for CSI-based tasks

  Paper Title: Large and Small Model Collaboration for Air Interface

  Paper Authors: Yiming Cui, Jiajia Guo, Xiao Li, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin

• WiFo-2 (Nov 2025): A revolutionary wireless foundation model for extensive CSI-based tasks

  Paper Title: Foundation Model for Intelligent Wireless Communications

  Paper Authors: Boxun Liu, Xuanyu Liu, Shijian Gao, Xiang Cheng and Liuqing Yang

• FPre-training Localization Model (Nov 2025): Pre-training Model for CSI-Based Indoor Localization.

  Paper Title: A Masked Pre-training Model for CSI-Based Indoor Localization

  Paper Authors: Jiawei Zhang, Bolin Wang, Zhen Liang, Jun Hao and Yang Lu

• WMLM (Nov 2025): Large Multimodal Model for Mobile Network.

  Paper Title: Sensing and Understanding the World over Air: A Large Multimodal Model for Mobile Networks

  Paper Authors: Zhuoran Duan, Yuhao Wei, Guoshun Nan, Zijun Wang, Yan Yan, Lihua Xiong, Yuhan Ran, Ji Zhang, Jian Li, Qimei Cui, Xiaofeng Tao, Tony Q. S. Quek

• FM Wi-Fi Sensing (Nov 2025): : Foundation Models for Zero-Shot Cross-Domain Wi-Fi Sensing.

  Paper Title: Scale What Counts, Mask What Matters: Evaluating Foundation Models for Zero-Shot Cross-Domain Wi-Fi Sensing

  Paper Authors: Cheng Jiang, Yihe Yan, Yanxiang Wang, Chun Tung Chou, Wen Hu

• WPFMs (Nov 2025): Envisioning Neuro-Symbolic Wireless Foundation Models.

  Paper Title: Reasoning Meets Representation: Envisioning Neuro-Symbolic Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Jaron Fontaine, Mohammad Cheraghinia, John Strassner, Adnan Shahid, Eli De Poorter

• WiCo-PG (Nov 2025): Wireless Channel Foundation Model for Pathloss Map Generation.

  Paper Title: WiCo-PG: Wireless Channel Foundation Model for Pathloss Map Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Mingran Sun, Lu Bai, Ziwei Huang, Xuesong Cai, Xiang Cheng, Jianjun Wu

• WiCo-MG (Nov 2025): Wireless Channel Foundation Model for Multipath Generation .

  Paper Title: WiCo-MG: Wireless Channel Foundation Model for Multipath Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Zengrui Han, Lu Bai, Xuesong Cai, Xiang Cheng

• Multimodal-WFMs (Nov 2025): Multimodal Wireless Foundation Models.

  Paper Title: Multimodal Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Ahmed Aboulfotouh and Hatem Abou-Zeid

• Tiny-WiFo (Nov 2025): Lightweight Wireless Foundation Model for Channel Prediction.

  Paper Title: Tiny-WiFo: A Lightweight Wireless Foundation Model for Channel Prediction via Multi-Component Adaptive Knowledge Distillation

  Paper Authors: Haotian Zhang, Shijian Gao, Xiang Cheng

• MobiGPT (Sep 2025): A unified structure capable of forecasting base station traffic, user app usage, and channel quality.

  Paper Title: MobiGPT: A Foundation Model for Mobile Wireless Networks

  Paper Authors: Xiaoqian Qi, Haoye Chai, Yong Li

• BERT4beam (Sep 2025): BERT-based framework for beamforming optimization to handle multiple tasks with different system objectives and scales.

  Paper Title: BERT4beam: Large AI Model Enabled Generalized Beamforming Optimization

  Paper Authors: Yuhang Li, Yang Lu, Wei Chen, Bo Ai, Zhi Ding, Dusit Niyato

• FM-O-RAN (Sep 2025): FM-empowered Open Radio Access Network framework.

  Paper Title: Integrating Foundation Models with Open RAN for Robots-Based Mobile Scenarios

  Paper Authors: Longyu Zhou, Wenjiao Feng, Zonghang Li, Supeng Leng, Mohsen Guizani, Tony Q. S. Quek

• MUSE-FM (Aug 2025): Multi-task Environment-aware Foundation Model for Wireless Communications.

  Paper Title: MUSE-FM: Multi-task Environment-aware Foundation Model for Wireless Communications

  Paper Authors: Tianyue Zheng, Jiajia , Linglong Dai, Shi Jin, Jun Zhang

• ReQuestNet (Aug 2025): Foundational model for Channel Estimations.

  Paper Title: ReQuestNet: A Foundational Learning model for Channel Estimation

  Paper Authors: Kumar Pratik, Pouriya Sadeghi, Gabriele Cesa, Sanaz Barghi, Joseph B. Soriaga, Yuanning Yu, Supratik Bhattacharjee, Arash Behboodi

• WiFo-CF (Aug 2025): Accommodating heterogeneous configurations within LAMs.

  Paper Title: WiFo-CF: Wireless Foundation Model for CSI Feedback

  Paper Authors: Liu Xuanyu, Gao Shijian, Liu Boxun, Cheng Xiang, Yang Liuqing

• CFM (Jul 2025): tackle channel-related tasks through a pretrained, universal channel feature extractor.

  Paper Title: Towards channel foundation models (CFMs): Motivations, methodologies and opportunities

  Paper Authors: Jun Jiang, Yuan Gao, Xinyi Wu, Shugong Xu

• FM-Fi 2.0 (Jul 2025): Foundation Model for Cross-Modal Multi-Person Human Activity Recognition.

  Paper Title: FM-Fi 2.0: Foundation Model for Cross-Modal Multi-Person Human Activity Recognition

  Paper Authors: Yuxuan Weng; Tianyue Zheng; Yanbing Yang; Jun Luo

• EIT-SPT-FM (Jul 2025): Electromagnetic information theory-guided foundation model.

  Paper Title: kWireless AI Evolution: From Statistical Learners to Electromagnetic-Guided Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Jian Xiao, Ji Wang, Kunrui Cao, Xingwang Li, Zhao Chen, Chau Yuen

• MAEPD (Jul 2025): A foundational model for distributed acoustic sensing signal recognition.

  Paper Title: A Foundation Model for DAS Signal Recognition and Visual Prompt Tuning of the Pre-trained Model for Downstream Tasks

  Paper Authors: Kun Gui, Hongliang Ren, Shang Shi, Jin Lu, Changqiu Yu, Quanjun Cao, min Gu, Qi Xuan

• ICWLM (Jul 2025): Multi-task LAM via in-Context learning.

  Paper Title: ICWLM: A Multi-Task Wireless Large Model via In-Context Learning

  Paper Authors: Yuxuan Wen, Xiaoming Chen, Maojun Zhang, Zhaoyang Zhang

• Foundation Model (Jul 2025): A foundation model for massive MIMO precoding.

  Paper Title: A Foundation Model for Massive MIMO Precoding with an Adaptive per-User Rate-Power Tradeoff

  Paper Authors: Jérôme Emery, Ali Hasanzadeh Karkan, Jean-François Frigon, François Leduc-Primeau

• FoundationModel (Jul 2025): A unified foundation model for multi-task prediction.

  Paper Title: A Wireless Foundation Model for Multi-Task Prediction

  Paper Authors: Yucheng Sheng, Jiacheng Wang, Xingyu Zhou, Le Liang, Hao Ye, Shi Jin, Geoffrey Ye Li

• IQFM (June 2025): Wireless Foundational Model for I/Q Streams.

  Paper Title: IQFM – A Wireless Foundational Model for I/Q Streams in AI-Native 6G

  Paper Authors: Omar Mashaal and Hatem Abou-Zeid

• WTR (May 2025): LAM for Wireless Technology Recognition and Localization.

  Paper Title: A Unified Foundation Model for Wireless Technology Recognition and Localization

  Paper Authors: Mohammad Cheraghinia, Eli De Poorter, Jaron Fontaine, Merouane Debbah, Adnan Shahid

• SpectrumFM (May 2025): LAM for spectrum management. Source code

  Paper Title: SpectrumFM: A Foundation Model for Intelligent Spectrum Management

  Paper Authors: Fuhui Zhou, Chunyu Liu, Hao Zhang, Wei Wu, Qihui Wu, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, Tony Q. S. Quek, Chan-Byoung Chae

• FoundationModel (May 2025): Multi-modal model designed to operate directly on communication data.

  Paper Title: Towards a Foundation Model for Communication Systems

  Paper Authors: Davide Buffelli, Sowmen Das, Yu-Wei Lin, Sattar Vakili, Chien-Yi Wang, Masoud Attarifar, Pritthijit Nath, Da-shan Shiu

• WavesFM (Apr 2025): ViT-based LAM for physical layer tasks with image-like wireless modalities.

  Paper Title: 6G WavesFM: A Foundation Model for Sensing, Communication, and Localization

  Paper Authors: Ahmed Aboulfotouh, Elsayed Mohammed, Hatem Abou-Zeid

• CSI-CLIP (Feb 2025): MIMO wireless channel foundation model.

  Paper Title: A MIMO Wireless Channel Foundation Model via CIR-CSI Consistency

  Paper Authors: Jun Jiang; Wenjun Yu; Yunfan Li; Yuan Gao; Shugong Xu

• WirelessGPT (Feb 2025): Multi-task model for communication and sensing.

  Paper Title: WirelessGPT: A Generative Pre-trained Multi-task Learning Framework for Wireless Communication

  Paper Authors: Tingting Yang, Ping Zhang, Mengfan Zheng, Yuxuan Shi, Liwen Jing, Jianbo Huang, Nan Li

• BERT4MIMO (Jan 2025): BERT for massive MIMO CSI prediction. Source code

  Paper Title: BERT4MIMO: A Foundation Model using BERT Architecture for Massive MIMO Channel State Information Prediction

  Paper Authors: Ferhat Ozgur Catak, Murat Kuzlu, Umit Cali

• Prompt-Enabled LAM (Jan 2025): Transformer-based LAM for CSI feedback with expert knowledge prompts.

  Paper Title: Prompt-Enabled Large AI Models for CSI Feedback

  Paper Authors: Jiajia , Yiming Cui, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin

• ViT-enabled MSM (Nov 2024): a radio foundation model for spectrogram learning.

  Paper Title: Building 6G Radio Foundation Models with Transformer Architectures

  Paper Authors: Ahmed Aboulfotouh, Ashkan Eshaghbeigi, Hatem Abou-Zeid

• MSM FoundationModel (Nov 2024): pretraining foundational DL models on radio signals.

  Paper Title: Self-Supervised Radio Pre-training: Toward Foundational Models for Spectrogram Learning

  Paper Authors: Ahmed Aboulfotouh, Ashkan Eshaghbeigi, Dimitrios Karslidis, Hatem Abou-Zeid

• LWM (Nov 2024): Universal feature extractor for beam prediction and LoS/NLoS classification.

  Paper Title: Large Wireless Model (LWM): A Foundation Model for Wireless Channels

  Paper Authors: Sadjad Alikhani, Gouranga Charan, Ahmed Alkhateeb

• FM-Fi (Oct 2024): Foundation Model for Cross-Modal RF Human Activity Recognition.

  Paper Title: Large Model for Small Data: Foundation Model for Cross-Modal RF Human Activity Recognition

• TF-PT (Oct 2024): Foundation Model for 5G-based Indoor Localization.

  Paper Title: Radio Foundation Models: Pre-training Transformers for 5G-based Indoor Localization

  Paper Authors: Jonathan Ott, Jonas Pirkl, Maximilian Stahlke, Tobias Feigl, Christopher Mutschler

• SWiT (Feb 2023): Foundation Model for Wireless Localization.

  Paper Title: Self-Supervised and Invariant Representations for Wireless Localization

  Paper Authors: Artan Salihu, Stefan Schwarz, Markus Rupp

• Wireless Foundation Models for AI-native 6G and Beyond (Deadline: 15 May 2026): IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing. Guest editors: Le Liang，Jun Zhang, Chan-Byoung Chae, Lu Lu, Shugong Xu, Octavia A. Dobre, Geoffrey Ye Li.

• From Large AI Models to Agentic AI: A Road Map to 6G (Deadline: 31 March 2026): Tsinghua Science and Technology. Guest editors: Cunhua Pan, Feibo Jiang, Kezhi Wang, Marco DI RENZO, Dusit Niyato, and Ekram Hossain.

• Foundation Model Empowered Intelligent Networks at the AI-Native Edge (Deadline: 1 February 2026): IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering. Guest editors: Xiang Cheng, Sinem Coleri, Javier Gozalvez, Shijian Gao, and Bile Peng.

• Agentic AI for 6G Networks (Deadline: 15 February 2026): Digital Communications and Networks. Guest editors: Haotong Cao, Weiwei Jiang, Shahid Mumtaz, and Mohsen Guizani.

• Agentic AI for Communications and Networking with Embodied Intelligence (Deadline: 1 February 2026): IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking. Guest editors: Ruichen Zhang, Yonghui Li, Ping Wang, Merouane Debbah, and Sumei Sun.

• Integrating Large Models and Edge Sensing in Next Generation Networks (Deadline: 31 December 2025): EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. Guest editors: Peiyan Yuan, Tarik Taleb, Chenyang Wang, Chuan Sun, Xiaoqiang Zhu, and Xiaoyan Zha.

• Application of Large AI Models to 6G Wireless Communications (Deadline: 20 December 2025): IET Communications. Guest editors: Feibo Jiang, Jianhua He, Kezhi Wang, Wei Liang, Xiaomin Chen, and Xingqin Lin.

• Sustainable Large AI Models for Edge Intelligence (Deadline: 1 December 2025): IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence. Guest editors: Dusit Niyato, Ruichen Zhang, Qinghua Lu, Shiwen Mao,and Paolo Bellavista.

• From Large AI Models to Agentic AI: Toward Intelligent 6G Networks (Deadline: 1 December 2025): IEEE Wireless Communications. Guest editors: Feibo Jiang, Kezhi Wang, Guangyi Liu, Tony Q. S. Quek, and Xianbin Wang.

• Edge-Enabled Collaboration Between Large-scale and Lightweight Models in Sensor-Cloud Networks (Deadline: 1 October 2025): IEEE Network. Guest editors:Tian Wang, Yao Liu, Geyong Min, Nektarios Georgalas, and Yan Zhang.

• Large AI Models for the Internet of Everything (Deadline: 1 September 2025): IEEE Network. Guest editors: Feibo Jiang, Kezhi Wang, Xingqin Lin, Merouane Debbah, and Zhu Han.

• Large AI Models for Communications (Deadline: 31 July 2025): IEEE Communications Magazine. Guest editors: Kezhi Wang, Feibo Jiang, Merouane Debbah, and Zhu Han.

• Large AI Models for Future Wireless Communication Systems (Deadline: 15 May 2025): IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. Guest editors: Cunhua Pan, Feibo Jiang, Kezhi Wang, Pietro Michiardi, Octavia A. Dobre, Peiying Zhu, and Merouane Debbah.

• Generative AI and Large Language Models Enhanced 6G Wireless Communication and Sensing (Deadline: 28 February 2025): IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. Guest editors: Jiacheng Wang, Geng Sun, Dusit Niyato, Hina Tabassum, Gabriel-Miro Muntean, and Nelson Fonseca.

• 6G in the Era of Large Models: Design, Applications and Beyond (Deadline: 31 October 2024): Digital Communications and Networks. Guest editors: Jianhui Lv, Byung-Gyu Kim, Keqin Li, Adam Slowik, and Yuhui Shi.

• Empowering Future Mobile Networks with Large Models (Deadline: 10 September 2024): IEEE Network. Guest editors: Yin Zhang, Xueli An, Maziar Nekovee, Jia Liu, Chau Yuen, and Yan Zhang.

• Edge Learning and Big AI Model in Wireless Communication and Networking (Deadline: 15 July 2024): Electronics . Guest editors: Zhaohui Yang, Zhiyang Li, and Wanli Ni.

If there are any omissions in the collection of the above papers, please feel free to contact Jiajia Guo at jiajiaguo@seu.edu.cn.

This project is licensed under the MIT License.