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Speaker Diarization & Transcription System

Goal: Transcribe audio while separating who said what in real time.

System Overview

[ Microphone/Audio File ]
         ↓
[ Voice Activity Detection (VAD) ]
         ↓
[ Speaker Embedding Extraction ]
         ↓
[ Speaker Clustering ]
         ↓
[ Real-time Transcription (STT) ]
         ↓
[ Combine → Diarized Transcript ]

Step-by-Step Implementation Guide

1. Data Collection & Preprocessing

Goal: Collect or simulate multi-speaker audio data.

Use:

Preprocess:

  • Normalize audio, split into frames (20-40 ms)
  • Convert to mono, 16 kHz

2. Voice Activity Detection (VAD)

Goal: Detect where speech occurs (skip silence/noise).

Implement:

  • Energy-based or spectral entropy method
  • Compute Short-Time Energy or use zero-crossing rate

📌 Tip: Use a sliding window and classify each frame as "speech" or "non-speech."

3. Feature Extraction

Goal: Convert speech segments to embeddings

Features:

  • MFCCs (Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients)
  • Spectrograms
  • Chroma features

📌 Input: speech segments → Output: vectors (13–40 dims for MFCCs)

4. Speaker Embedding Model

Goal: Build an embedding space where same-speaker segments cluster together

Build a Siamese Network or Triplet Network:

  • Train on speaker verification: “Is this the same speaker?”
  • Input: Pairs or triplets of MFCC features
  • Loss: Contrastive or Triplet Loss

📌 Output: 128-512 dimensional speaker embeddings

5. Speaker Clustering

Goal: Group embeddings to label speakers (unsupervised)

Clustering algorithms:

  • Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC)
  • Spectral Clustering
  • DBSCAN (density-based, good for unknown number of speakers)

📌 Tip: Use cosine similarity to compare embeddings

6. ASR (Automatic Speech Recognition)

Goal: Train your own basic STT model

Use:

  • Spectrogram + CTC Loss + BiLSTM/Transformer encoder

Dataset: LibriSpeech or Common Voice

Architecture:

  • Input: Spectrogram
  • Encoder: BiLSTM layers
  • Decoder: CTC output for character prediction

📌 Train on clean, single-speaker data before mixing in multi-speaker

8. Post-Processing & Transcript Generation

Merge diarization and ASR output using timestamps

Format:

[Speaker 1] Hello, how are you?
[Speaker 2] I'm good, thanks! You?
...

9. Evaluation

  • Diarization Error Rate (DER)
  • Word Error Rate (WER)

⚙️ Tools & Libraries (Only for Support, Not Pre-built Models)

  • numpy, scipy, librosa: audio & signal processing
  • pyaudio or sounddevice: real-time mic capture
  • matplotlib: visualize embeddings (e.g., t-SNE)
  • scikit-learn: clustering (you can re-implement if needed)
  • torch or tensorflow: model building

📊 Deliverables (for dissertation)

  • Real-time application (demo with mic or file input)
  • Trained diarization & STT models
  • Evaluation results (tables, graphs)
  • Full report with:
    • Data pipeline
    • Model architectures
    • Diarization algorithm
    • Real-time integration
    • Limitations & future work

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