Access modifiers for classes or interfaces in Java

Last Updated : 20 Apr, 2022

In Java, methods and data members can be encapsulated by the following four access modifiers. The access modifiers are listed according to their restrictiveness order.
1) private (accessible within the class where defined)
2) default or package-private (when no access modifier is specified)
3) protected (accessible only to classes that subclass your class directly within the current or different package)
4) public (accessible from any class)

But, the classes and interfaces themselves can have only two access modifiers when declared outside any other class.
1) public
2) default (when no access modifier is specified)

Note: Nested interfaces and classes can have all access modifiers.
Note: We cannot declare class/interface with private or protected access modifiers.

For example, the following program fails in the compilation.

Java

//filename: Main.java 
protected class Test {} 
  
public class Main { 
  public static void main(String args[]) { 
  
  } 
} 

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