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Introduction to Pattern Designing

Last Updated : 04 Oct, 2024
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In software development, pattern designing refers to the application of design patterns, which are reusable and proven solutions to common problems encountered during the design and implementation of software systems.

intro-to-pattern-design

Important Topics for Pattern Designing

1. What is Pattern Designing?

In software development, pattern designing refers to the application of design patterns, which are reusable and proven solutions to common problems encountered during the design and implementation of software systems. Design patterns are general solutions to common problems that arise during the design and implementation of software systems. They provide a set of proven solutions to design challenges and promote best practices in software development.

If you’re new to design patterns or want to expand your expertise, the System Design Course introduces various design patterns and shows you how to apply them in real-world projects.

2. Characteristics of Pattern Designing

  • Problem-Solution Approach: Design patterns follow a problem-solution approach. They identify common design problems and provide well-defined solutions that have been proven effective in similar contexts.
  • Reusability: Design patterns promote code reusability by encapsulating successful design practices. Once a design pattern is established, it can be applied to various projects, saving time and effort.
  • Abstraction: Patterns abstract away specific implementation details and focus on high-level design concepts. They provide a way to communicate and document design decisions in a standardized and understandable manner.
  • Common Vocabulary: Design patterns establish a common vocabulary and set of terms that developers can use to discuss and communicate design concepts. This helps in fostering a shared understanding among team members.
  • Proven Solutions: Design patterns are not arbitrary solutions; they are based on the collective experience of the software development community. They represent solutions that have been tried and tested in real-world scenarios.

3. What are Design Patterns?

A design pattern provides a general reusable solution for the common problems that occur in software design. The pattern typically shows relationships and interactions between classes or objects.

  • The idea is to speed up the development process by providing well-tested, proven development/design paradigms.
  • Design patterns are programming language-independent strategies for solving a common problem.
  • That means a design pattern represents an idea, not a particular implementation. By using design patterns, you can make your code more flexible, reusable, and maintainable.
  • It’s not mandatory to always implement design patterns in your project. Design patterns are not meant for project development. Design patterns are meant for common problem-solving. Whenever there is a need, you have to implement a suitable pattern to avoid such problems in the future.
  • To find out which pattern to use, you just have to try to understand the design patterns and their purposes. Only by doing that, you will be able to pick the right one. 

4. Types of Design Patterns

Several types of design patterns are commonly used in software development. These patterns can be categorized into three main groups:

4.1. Creational Design Patterns

Creational design patterns abstract the instantiation process. They help make a system independent of how its objects are created, composed, and represented. A class creational pattern uses inheritance to vary the class that’s instantiated, whereas an object creational pattern will delegate instantiation to another object. Creational patterns give a lot of flexibility in what gets created, who creates it, how it gets created, and, when. 

There are two recurring themes in these patterns: 

  • They all encapsulate knowledge about which concrete class the system uses. 
  • They hide how instances of these classes are created and put together.

Types of Creational Design Patterns:

4.2. Structural Design Patterns

Structural Design Patterns are concerned with how classes and objects are composed to form larger structures. Structural class patterns use inheritance to compose interfaces or implementations. Consider how multiple inheritances mix two or more classes into one. The result is a class that combines the properties of its parent classes.

There are two recurring themes in these patterns: 

  • This pattern is particularly useful for making independently developed class libraries work together. 
  • Structural Design Patterns describe ways to compose objects to realize new functionality. 
  • The added flexibility of object composition comes from the ability to change the composition at run-time, which is impossible with static class composition. 

Types of Structural Design Patterns:

4.3. Behavioral Design Patterns

Behavioral Patterns are concerned with algorithms and the assignment of responsibilities between objects. Behavioral patterns describe not just patterns of objects or classes but also the patterns of communication between them. These patterns characterize complex control flow that’s difficult to follow at run-time.

There are three recurring themes in these patterns:

  • Behavioral class patterns use inheritance to distribute behavior between classes. 
  • Behavioral object patterns use object composition rather than inheritance.
  • Behavioral object patterns are concerned with encapsulating behavior in an object and delegating requests to it. 

Types of Behavioral Design Patterns:

5. Advantages of Pattern Designing

  • Reusable Solutions: Pattern designing emphasizes creating solutions that are not specific to a particular project but can be reused across various projects. This promotes code reusability and consistency.
  • Scalability: Patterns provide a structured approach to design, making it easier to scale a system by applying well-defined solutions to new components or modules. This promotes a consistent architecture across the entire application.
  • Abstraction and Communication: Patterns use a common vocabulary and abstraction level, making it easier for developers to communicate and understand design decisions. This facilitates collaboration within a development team.
  • Maintainability: Design patterns contribute to a modular and organized codebase, making it easier to maintain and update. Changes to specific patterns can be localized without affecting the entire system.
  • Speeds Up Development: Patterns offer ready-made solutions to common problems, speeding up the development process. Developers can focus on application-specific logic rather than spending time on low-level design challenges.
  • Tool for Problem Solving: Pattern designing serves as a tool for problem-solving in software development. It provides a set of proven strategies that developers can apply to overcome challenges encountered in various stages of the development lifecycle.

6. Disadvantages of Pattern Designing

  • Learning Curve: Understanding and correctly applying design patterns require experience and knowledge. Developers new to design patterns may find it challenging to grasp the concepts initially.
  • Overengineering: In some cases, applying design patterns without a clear need or understanding of the problem may result in overengineering. This can lead to unnecessary complexity in the code.
  • Rigidity: In certain situations, design patterns may introduce rigidity to the code, making it less adaptable to changes. Overreliance on patterns without considering the specific context can hinder flexibility.
  • Applicability Concerns: Not all design patterns are applicable to every situation. Some patterns may not fit well with the architecture or requirements of a particular system, leading to suboptimal solutions.
  • Maintenance Challenges: While design patterns promote maintainability, they can also introduce challenges. Over time, if patterns are not applied consistently or if the system evolves in unexpected ways, maintenance may become difficult.

7. Conclusion

In summary, pattern designing in software development involves the thoughtful application of established design patterns to solve common problems. It helps create more maintainable, scalable, and robust software systems by leveraging reusable and proven solutions.



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Abhijit Saha and Tanuja Praharaj
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