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Working For Quality                                      evsjv‡`k D›g³
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Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1
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weGW †cÖvMÖvg
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cÖ_g gy`ªY
†m‡Þ¤^i, 2008
cÖ_g cwigvwR©Z gy`ªY
†deªæqvwi, 2010
cyb: gy`ªY
Rvbyqvwi, 2011
Rvbyqvwi, 2012
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq
ISBN: 984-34-0067-4
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        2      gva¨wgK wk¶vµ‡gi bxwZ I j¶¨                                 27
        3      wk¶K †hvM¨Zv                                                38
        4      †ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve                                    50
        5      wk¶‡Y e¨w³MZ `k©b I Zvi Dbœqb                               57
 2             AvšÍ:e¨w³K †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv                                   65
        1      gv_v LvUv‡bv c×wZ                                           67
        2      djveZ©b                                                     76
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        4      †kvbvi `¶Zv Abykxjb I cix¶vKiY                              100
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        6      PK‡evW© e¨env‡ii `¶Zv                                       119
 3             †kªwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbv                                           129
        1      †kªwYK‡¶i web¨vm I iywUb                                    131
        2      AskMÖnYg~jK wk¶Y-wkLb c×wZi e¨envi                          142
        3      cvVcwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi `¶Zv                                     153
 4             AwfÁZv I ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g wkLb                              171
        1      cvV`vb Abykxjb- 1 ch©v‡jvPbv                                173
        2      wbR¯^ DrKl©Zvi wewfbœ av‡ci AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb                    182
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        4      †ckvMZ g‡bvfve                                              196
 5             †kªwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi `¶Zv m¤cÖmviY                            205
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 6             †kªwYK‡¶i cwi‡ek                                            223
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 7             AwaK msL¨K wk¶v_©xi †kªwY e¨e¯’vcbv                         231
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        2      mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wk¶Y c×wZ                                     242