Contents.

a1 Introduction to
Research Design
2 Need and Importance of Research Design
23 Objectives of
Research Design
2.4 Limitations of Research Design
2.5 Essenticls of Good Research
Design
2.6 Research Process
Points to Remember
Questions for Discussion
Learning Objectives..
Concept of Research Design

Significance and Importance of Research Design

Objectives and Limitations of Research Design
Process
Enfire Process of Research
The Steps in Research

Desiggn
Introduction t o Research prepares a
21
of research. Just like an_architect
a
the blüe-print before starting of actual
Research design is building
wwe A6e

structure of the
sketch regarding the before proceeding
to
blue-print or Research design
researcher prepares
a
work, the analysis etc.
construction
work like
of data, its
collection
be conducted.
research would
further research sketch of
how researcher
is basically,
a
an outline
of what the
Research design and
includes
the
project, implications to
research operational
of a and its
It is the design formulation,

hypothesis
from byy a
will do, right done or
carried out
data. of work to be
final analysis of
scheme
a
basically project.
is thus,
research
a
Research
design,
various
stages of
the
throughout

researcher 2.1
1
Recearch decign it
defirneda
framework of methods and
detin a
etrcher h rombirse varionS Components off raseareh athods and tachnig
gC matiner th that the recearch researrh
2. According to ficiently handled
robiem i afficien
Claireseltiz
Teeprch design t
the artangement of conditions for
date in tIanner
thet aims to combine relevance to the
lection and ar
collectinn.
noy in recedure raearch
3. As per
Green and Tull
Research design is the
specification of tech niques and
the
information reguired. It is the
the projet over all operational patternprocesses fretor
processes
which states what data r trame
gr
is to be
processes, gathered from which Sor
4. According toThyer sOurre
"A traditional research
research study and how
design is a blueprint or detailed plan for
how to o
nvolves. ()
to
complete the same. Planning such a research
operationalising variables so that they can be
sampie of interest to study,
(ii) measured. (
collecting
hypothesis, and (iv) analysing the results. data to be used as a
basis for
S.
According to Matheson,
"Aresearch design is basic
a
plan for research,
subjects to the levels of the including the assignmen
independent variable" independent variable and the
manipulation
oe
According to David Luck and Ronald
"A TeseaiCh S Rubin,
desigrn is the determination and
approach or strategy adopted for the statement
of the general ree
piannng I the design adheres to the particular project. It is the te
centheeds will e served", research objective, it will ensure
fesearcth design answels the
What date will be tollowing questions:
collected?
HOW witH the data be
collected?
Wiuch sauftes wit De used o
colect data?
How wil the data ue
anaiyzed?
5. Whch tools wili te used tor maaro
 Methodology
Research Design
Aserh
design is
prepared by
o b l e clear cut the rese
searcher after formulating the research

Rask cah Research

design states the concential structure within which
O be conducted. researcn

Researcn design provides insights

articuiar esearch methodology. about "how to conduct research using a

is on the basis of research

design, that the research is further conducted. 0,
most care must be taken to
prepare the research design.
Research design prepared before
conducting a research ensures that researcn is
efhicient and maximum information is
collected.
The requred data can be
collected with minimum effort, time and finance, it a
proper research design is in place.
ctors Essential for Research Design
.The preparation of the research
design appropriate for a particular research
probiem involves usually the consideration of, and
inclusion of the below factors:
Data required
Sources of data/information
Availabity of researcher and research staff
Skills and expertise of the researcher and the research staff
The way in which selected means of obtaining information will be organized and
the reasoning behind the selection
Tume available for research/ Research deadlines
Cost required for the research and the available finance for this purpose.
Settings for research study
Timeline of research study
Purpose of research
Minimization of bias
Sample design
Ma
Maximization of reliability of data collected
echniques of data collection
S.Data analysis
Research methodology to be used
 Research Methodology
the
following:
ing:
Design
include
Research
least
of
Elements

design
must, at problem.

research

The
r e s e a r c h

data.
s t a t e m e n t
of the collecting
to be
b e used.
1. A clear for method

techniques sampling
and
Procedures the data.
2 studied,
and
processing

Fopulation to be in
be used
T e c h n i q u e s / m e t h o d s to
follow owing parts:
data. into the
of analysing
divided
Methods be
5. research
design
can

observert
The broad to be
items
1. Sampling Design:
of
selection of same
method
with the
it deals

study o b s e r v a t i o n s
are to be mada
2. Observational Design: the
conditions
underwhich
the
I t refers
to
and the ways
of data re
3. Statistical Design:
of items to be observed
Deals with thenumber
data.
and methods of analyzing in thesar
specified
4. Operational Design: procedures
which the
techniques by out.
Refers to the can be carried
observational designs
statistical and

of a
Research Design of information releva
Features
of data, and types
specifies the
sources

that
1. It is a plan
the research problem. data collection ard z
approach to be used for
which specifies
the
2. It is a strategy

analysis.
constraints.
with time and budget
3. It works
Importance of Research Design
2.2 Need and the possibilities
of succes
research design in place,
blue-print or a
With a
when there is E
a
improved, especially
research study is significantly
statement of research problem and objectives.
highlighted with the help of below points:
can better be
.Its importance
aids in the reliability of the results.
1. Research design
a solid base for the whole research.
2. It provides the
3. A good research design
ensures the smooth and efficient working o
research operations.
4 Research becomes efticient due to proper Research Desian.

2.4

ni
 information be with minimum spending of effort, money
Maximum can
obtaine
5 and time.

6 gesearch design helps to cut down on inaccuracy

Research

financial resources, timne

esearch rch design provides idea regarding the type
an

resource
reso.
and manpower resources required for the research.
nticipates flaws, inadequacies and problems in advance
Ant

23
objectives of Research Design structure within
is conceptual
Researcn design blue-print of research and is
Research a a

which research will ikely be done.

to
to get answers
the plan, and strategy of study conceived in order
structure
, It is
stated as under.
questions and is prepared with a myriad of objectives,
research
To facilitate
the smooth sailing of the various research operations.
minimal costs).
research efficient (yield maximal information with
To make
To save effort, time and money.
collection and analysis.
To plan in advance of data the relevant data and
be adopted
methods to for collecting
in advance the
5, To plan
be used in analysis of data.
the techniques to and finance
research is achieved within time
of the
To ensure that the objective
constraints, and availability
of staf. for
in form, whereby it will be possible
researcher to organize his
ideas a
7. To aid the
and inadequacies.
him to look for flaws
imitations Ol ReSearchBesicn
or
that may impact
refers to those aspcts
research design
Limitations of a
of the findings from the research study.
influence the interpretation below:
stated
of a research design
are
limitations
Several
Objectives:
L Formulation of Research formulates research
objectives too
researcher
that the
Many a times, it happens
the focus
as to increase
broadly. need to be
further
narrowed so

objectives
The research
study.
level of the research Method:
Data Collection data collection
m p l e m e n t a t i o n of i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of

that the nature of

probability
here exists a
dof data collection.
data collection.
method is flawed. research
method of
primary
in case of
happen
This may
nis may
especially
** 2.5