School Curriculum

Aa
Assessed Curriculum - pertains the learning outcomes achieved by the students.

Analysis - the ability to break down materials into components so that their organization structure may
be understood.

Alteration - a change, usually a slight change, in the appearance, character, or structure of something.

Assessment phase - The Assessment phase involves evaluating just how well the individual has
performed and filling out the appraisal form.

Abstraction - the process of taking away or removing certain characteristics of a complex problem to
reduce it to its most essential components.

Application - software that bundles together certain features in a way that is accessible to a user. A
form used in making a request.

Activity - The work of a person, group, or organization to achieve something.

Action research - refers to addressing practical problems through the use of theory-driven research
methods.

Achievable goals - Achievable refers to ensuring the set goal is realistic and possible to complete or
maintain within the set time frame.

Approaches - to come near to in quality, character, time, or condition; to come within range for
comparison.

Access - permission, liberty, or ability to enter, approach, or pass to and from a place or to approach or
communicate with a person or thing.

Alternative assessment - refers to non-traditional methods of evaluating students' learning, such as

projects, portfolios, presentations, multimedia, etc as opposed to traditional exams and quizzes.

Bb
Balance - characteristic of curriculum pertains to the fair distribution of the subject's depth and
breadth.

Cc
Comprehension - the ability to understand something.
Continuity - the unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over a period of time.

Context - the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of
which it can be fully understood and assessed.

Competencies - Competencies are the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors that contribute to
individual and organizational performance.

Creativity - the unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over a period of time

Content standard - describe the knowledge and skills that students should attain, often called the
"what" of "what students should know and be able to do."

Dd
Developmental - refer to a specified state of advancement or growth.

Democratic - Democracy is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the
general population of a state.

Ee
Evaluation - the process of judging or calculating the quality, importance, amount, or value of
something.

Evaluation phase - the phase in the sales funnel where customers make final decisions about whether
they plan to make a purchasing decision.

Essentialism - a belief that things have a set of characteristics which make them what they are, and
that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery and expression; the doctrine that essence is
prior to existence.

Empiricism - the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience. Stimulated by the rise of
experimental science, it developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, expounded in particular by John
Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume.

Existentialism - a philosophical theory or approach which emphasizes the existence of the individual
person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.

Environmental - relating to the natural world and the impact of human activity on its condition.

Economic - relating to, or based on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and
services.

Effectiveness - the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result; success.
Efficiency - the state or quality of being efficient, or able to accomplish something with the least waste
of time and effort; competency in performance.

Equity - The term “equity” refers to fairness and justice and is distinguished from equality.

Evocative Approach - is a teacher- centered approach. The focus is on building relation- ships with
teachers, empowering them to improve.

Ff
Formative - serving to form something, especially having a profound and lasting influence on a person's
development. To monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback to staff and
students. It is Assessment for learning.

Feedback - is a process that provides people with constructive information about their performance or
work. Information about reactions to a product, a person's performance of a task, etc. which is used as a
basis for improvement.

Gg
Geographical - relating to the features of the earth's surface, or those of a particular area or place.

Hh
Hidden Curriculum - is a set of lessons "which are learned but not openly intended" to be taught in
school such as the norms, values, and beliefs conveyed in both the classroom and social environment.

Humanities - branches of knowledge that concern themselves with human beings and their culture or
with analytic and critical methods of inquiry derived from an appreciation of human values and of the
unique ability of the human spirit to express itself.

Historical - relating to, treating, or characteristic of history or past events.

Ii
Integration - the action or process of successfully joining or mixing with a different group of people.

Instruction - Instructions are sets of information that teach you how to do something or use
something.

Implementation phase - The implementation phase involves putting the project plan into action. It's
here that the project manager will coordinate and direct project resources to meet the objectives of the
project plan.

Input - power, energy, a signal, or information put into a machine or system.

Idealism - Idealism in education is a belief that knowledge comes from within. Originally conceived by
Plato, idealism states that the only true reality is the reality within the mind.

Indigenous people - Indigenous Peoples are distinct social and cultural groups that share collective
ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live, occupy or from which they have been
displaced.

Jj
Journaling - A practice where students regularly write about their thoughts,feelings,and experiences.

Juxtaposition - Refers to placing two or more ideas,concepts,or objects close together to highlight their
differences or similarities.

Kk
Knowledge - facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the
theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.

Ll
Learned Curriculum - It is the curriculum that a learner absorbs or makes sense of as a result of
interaction with the teacher, class-fellows or the institution.

Learners - a person who is trying to gain knowledge or skill in something by studying, practicing, or
being taught.

Mm
Materials - material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be
pure or impure, living or non-living matter.

Nn
Negotiating - Negotiation is a strategic discussion between two parties to resolve an issue in a way that
both find acceptable.

Oo
Objective - something that one's efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish; purpose; goal;
target.

Observation report - a written summary of the observation as well as performance of other

professional duties in the school setting.
Oral questioning - This method involves the teacher probing students to think about what they know
regarding a topic.

Pp
Planning phase - This phase includes processes required to establish the total scope of the project,
define key target performance metrics, and ensure that the proposed scope, schedule, and cost
baseline are achievable.

Piloting - A pilot study can be defined as a 'small study to test research protocols, data collection
instruments, sample recruitment strategies, and other research techniques in preparation for a larger
study.

Progressivism - a response to traditional methods of teaching. It is defined as an educational

movement which gives more value to experience than formal learning. It is based more on experiential
learning that concentrate on the development of a child's talents.

Perennialism - Perennialism in education includes the teaching of evergreen ideas, or principles that
have remained constant throughout human history.

Pragmatism - a philosophy that focuses on an idea's practical applications, as opposed to its possible
merits.

Product-Based Assessment - is an approach that focuses on evaluating student learning through

tangible outputs or products they create.

Process assessment - is a systematic evaluation of an organization's processes to identify strengths,

weaknesses, and areas for improvement.

Productivity - a measure of economic performance that compares the amount of goods and services
produced (output) with the amount of inputs used to produce those goods and services.

Performance checklist - a tool used to evaluate the performance of an individual or a team against
specific objectives.

Political - relating to the government or the public affairs of a country.

Pre- instructional Assessment - provides a way for teachers to gather key information about what
students know and are able to do prior to instruction, as well as what student interests and learning
styles are.

Psychological - Psychological means mental or emotional rather than physical.

Qq
Quality - the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind; the degree of
excellence of something.

Questioning Techniques - Refer to strategies used by teachers to engage students,stimulate critical

thinking,and assess understanding.

Questionnaire- Is a research tool consisting of a series of questions used to gather information from
individuals.

Rr
Restructuring - is the corporate management term for the act of reorganizing the legal, ownership,
operational, or other structures of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable, or better
organized for its present needs.

Reconstructionism - Social reconstructionism is a philosophy that emphasizes the addressing of social

questions and a quest to create a better society and worldwide democracy. Reconstructionist
educators focus on a curriculum that highlights social reform as the aim of education.

Realism - a philosophical movement that emphasizes the importance of objective truth and the natural
world in learning.

Rationalism - the philosophy that all knowledge is vested in human beings, and that learning is the
process of accessing that knowledge and building on it.

Relevance - Relevance is simply the noun form of the adjective "relevant," which means "important to
the matter at hand."

Reflective - a process where students describe their learning, how it changed, and how it might relate
to future learning experiences

Ss
Synthesis - the composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole.

Sequence - the efficient ordering of the content in order to improve the learners' understanding, and
help them achieve the objectives

Substitution - is the act, process, or result of substituting one thing for another.

Self-report - any method which involves asking a participant about their feelings, attitudes, beliefs and
so on.

Self Assessment - involves students applying success criteria related to a learning goal, reflecting on
their efforts, identifying improvements and adjusting the 'quality' of their work.
SARDO - Student-At-Risk of Dropping Out commonly known as SARDO is a term coined by the
Philippines' Department of Education, defined as, a student who is likely to become a candidate to drop
out.

Summative assessment - to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing
it against some standard or benchmark.

Social relations - Social relations are any relationship or interaction between 2 or more individuals.
Interest in social relationships and resulting support began a century ago when the French sociologist
Emile Durkheim postulated that disruptions in social networks could influence psychological health.

Skills - the ability to use one's knowledge effectively and readily in execution or performance.

Tt
Taught Curriculum - The curriculum that is delivered by the teachers to the students is termed as
Taught Curriculum. Teachers, being the chief implementers of curriculum, occupy a crucial role in
curriculum decision making.

Training curriculum - an established set of course topics for instruction in an accredited training
program for a particular discipline designed to provide specialized knowledge and skills.

Technical skills - the specialized knowledge and expertise required to perform specific tasks and use
specific tools and programs in real world situations.

Teaching style - the general principles, educational guidelines and management techniques used when
instructing students.

Techniques - the methods and strategies used by teachers to deliver knowledge and facilitate learning.

Uu
Understanding by Design ( UBD ) - Is a framework based on the concept that teaching should start with
the end goal of student understanding in mind. Focusing on the outcomes that students should
achieve.

Universal Design - Refers to creating structures and environments that can be easily understood and
used by all individuals,including those with disabilities.It aims to make educational settings accessible to
everyone.

Universal Design for Learning( UDL ) - Is a system developed to ensure that students with diverse
learning needs and styles can access and engage with the curriculum.It provides multiple means of
representation,action,and expression,and engagement.
Urban Education - Is an approach to schooling that focuses on providing education in large,densely
populated urban areas.It addresses the unique challenges and opportunities present in urban
educational settings.

Vv
Values - are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another.

Validating - to make something officially acceptable or approved, especially after examining it.

Ww
Workmanship - the skill with which something is made and which affects the appearance and quality
of the finished object.

Xx
Xenophobia - Refers to the fear or dislike of people from other countries or cultures. While not a
positive term,it can be discussed in the curriculum to address issues of diversity,inclusion,and cultural
understanding.

Yy
Yield- Refer to the percentage of students who accept an offer of admission to a particular school or
program.

Zz
Zone of Proximal Development ( ZPD ) - Is a concept introduced by psychologist Lev Vygotsky. It refers
to the range of tasks that a student can perform with the help of a teacher or more capable peers but
cannot yet do independently.

Zero Tolerance - Are strict disciplinary measures enforced by schools to address specific behaviors,such
as bullying,violence,or drug use.

Foundation of teaching-learning Process

Aa
Artifact - any object made by human beings, especially with a view to subsequent use. a handmade
object, as a tool, or the remains of one, as a shard of pottery, characteristic of an earlier time or cultural
stage, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation.

Adaptation - the process of changing to suit different conditions. The documentary is about corruption,
crime and human adaptation to difficult circumstances.
Adjustment - a small change that is made to something such as a machine or a way of doing something.

Accommodations - adaptations or changes in educational environments or practices that help students

overcome the barriers presented by their disability.

Autism Spectrum Disorder - a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people
interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave.

Bb
Behaviorism - a branch of psychology that focuses on how people learn through their interactions with
the environment.

Cc
Concrete Operational stage - ranges from about age 7 to age 12. During this time a child develops
so-called conservation skills, which enable him to recognize that things that may appear to be different
are actually the same—that is, that their fundamental properties are “conserved.”

Culture - can be defined as all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population
that are passed down from generation to generation.

Community - a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in
common.

Classroom rules - a set of rules and guidelines that are imposed by the teacher that the class must
follow.

Classroom routine - a rehearsed response to an instruction given by the teacher. Classroom routines and
procedures are introduced to ensure that children know what is expected of them and allow them to
do certain things on their own.

Classroom discipline - the business of enforcing classroom standards and building patterns of
cooperation in order to minimize disruptions and maximize learning.

Classroom management - actions that an instructor takes to create and maintain a learning
environment that is conducive to successful instruction.

Constructive alignment - a design for teaching in which what it is intended students should learn and
how they should express their learning is clearly stated before teaching takes place.

Cooperative learning - students work together in small groups on a structured activity.

Collaboration - is a partnership; a union; the act of producing or making something together.

Cognitive environment - the way we acquire, organize, store, and recall information about locations,
distances, and arrangements in the physical environment.
Community Presence - a sense that they belong in that community, that they identify with it, and that
they share a bond with its other members.

Cognitive presence - the extent to which participants, both participants and teaching staff, are able to
construct meaning through sustained communication. This kind of communication, as opposed to
one-way dissemination of information, encourages critical thinking.

Dd
Diverse Learners - students are individuals who differ in the ways in which they learn. They have
different learning styles, modalities, interests, talents and personalities, all of which affect the ways in
which teachers design instruction.

Differentiated instruction - teaching in a way that meets the different needs and interests of students
using varied course content, activities, and assessments.

Diversity Model - argues that the sex we are assigned at birth does not necessarily make a difference in
the language we use.

Down Syndrome - a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or
partial copy of chromosome 21

Dyslexia - a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds
and learning how they relate to letters and words

Differentiated teaching - the process of tailoring lessons to meet each student's individual interests,
needs, and strengths. Teaching this way gives students choice and flexibility in how they learn, and
helps teachers personalize learning.

Dale Cone of Exercise - a learning model introduced by Edgar Dale that illustrates the concreteness
levels of learning experiences based on the medium. It takes the shape of an inverted cone, which
shows the abstract learning experience at the peak and progresses into the most concrete experiences
down to the base.

Ee
Explicit teaching - a system of step-by- step instructional approaches in which teachers examine the
individual elements they are planning to teach and continually check for student understanding.

Ecological System Theory - is concerned with the interaction and interdependence of individuals with
their surrounding systems and encourages social workers to take a holistic view by assessing how
individuals affect and are affected by such physical, social, political, and cultural systems.

Ff
Flexible classroom - flexible classrooms allow students to work at their own pace and according to their
individual interests, giving teachers more freedom to personalize their teaching and provide a more
differentiated learning environment.

Formal Operational - stage of human cognitive development, typically beginning around age 11 or 12,
characterized by the emergence of logical thinking processes, particularly the ability to understand
theories and abstract ideas and predict possible outcomes of hypothetical problems.

Gg
Globalization - a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more
connected and interdependent place. Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social
changes that have come about as a result.

Global citizen - someone who is aware of and understands the wider world – and their place in it. They
are citizens of the world. They take an active role in their community and work with others to make our
planet more peaceful, sustainable and fairer.

Hh
Homogeneous - Homogeneous most generally means consisting of parts or elements that are all the
same.

Heterogeneous - two or more things are unlike in substance or nature, as in a heterogenous mixture
containing two substances that do not totally combine, like oil and water.

Ii
Indigenous learners - are individuals from indigenous communities who have their own unique ways of
acquiring knowledge and learning. Indigenous education is a lifelong learning process that
encompasses traditional knowledge, holistic thinking, and a deep connection to the land, language, and
community.

Indigenous community - are distinct social and cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the
lands and natural resources where they live, occupy or from which they have been displaced.

Innovative - is new and original. If you love to experiment and find new ways to do things, you are an
innovative person. Innovative, like nova, novel, and novice, comes from the Latin novus, which means
new. Something innovative renews or alters the way something has been done.

Interactive teaching - to methods of teaching that engage the classroom. Unlike memorization,
interactive teaching encourages students and teachers to collaborate to foster learning.

Jj
Judge- A person appointed to decide on the outcome of a legal case or to assess and form an opinion
about something.

Justify- To show or prove to be right or reasonable.

Kk
Law of readiness - individuals learn best when they are physically, mentally and emotionally ready to
learn, and they do not learn well if they see no reason for learning.

Law of exercise - things most often repeated are best remembered.

Law of effect - learning is strengthened when accompanied by a pleasant or satisfying feeling.

Law of sensitivity - holds that people differ in both the types of reinforcement they desire and in the
amounts of reinforcement they need to satiate.

Loden's Diversity wheel - gives an overview of the dimensions of diversity that are present and active
in one's workplace or environment.

Mm
Motor skills - motor skill is a function that involves specific movements of the body's muscles to
perform a certain task.

Metacognition - is an individual knowledge of their own cognitive processes and their ability to control
these processes by organizing, monitoring and modifying them as a function of learning.

Multi - literate - the ability to identify, interpret, create, and communicate meaning across a variety of
visual, oral, corporal, musical and alphabetical forms of communication.

Multi-culture - consisting of or relating to people of many different nationalities and cultures.

Multi - talented - having more than one special talent or skills.

Modification - the act of modifying or the condition of being modified.

Nn
Natural Consequences - are those things that happen in response to your child's behavior without
parental involvement.

Oo
Open-ended Questions - are those questions that a sender makes to encourage one or several
receivers to obtain some information in response.
Pp
PPST - refers to the "Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers" . It is a set of standards and
guidelines mandated by RA 10533 for teachers in the Philippines.

Pre-operational stage- During this stage (2-7 years old), children can think about things symbolically,
like using symbols to represent words, things, pictures, people, and ideas.

Positive Discipline - teaches important social and life skills in a manner that is deeply respectful and
encouraging for both children and adults.

Problem-based learning - (PBL) is a student-centered approach in which students learn about a subject
by working in groups to solve an open-ended problem. This problem is what drives the motivation and
the learning.

Project -based learning - is the process of learning through the design, development, and completion
of projects.

Psychological environment - an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between individuals
and their surroundings.

Physical environment - comprises all the different factors of nature, including air, trees, natural
vegetation, lakes, and the ocean.

Qq
Quality- Refers to the standard or level of excellence of something.

Quantity- The amount or number of something.

Rr
Rule-making process -the process that executive and independent agencies use to create, or
promulgate, regulations. In general, legislatures first set broad policy mandates by passing statutes, then
agencies create more detailed regulations through rulemaking.

Rationalist - a person who bases their opinions and actions on reason and knowledge rather than on
religious belief or emotional response.

Religious model - provide an understanding of the meaning or significance of our lives and of the world
in which we live and in relation to which we act.

Ss
School Environment - broadly characterized by its facilities, classroom practices, school-based health
supports, and disciplinary policies and practices.
Spacious - having a lot of space.

Self- system - a unique collection of experiences that was used to describe one's own self.

Self- management - your ability to regulate your behaviors, thoughts, and emotions in a productive
way.

Students centered - (SCL) is a teaching method that focuses on creating connections with students'
interests and the things they learn in school.

SpEd classes - is the practice of educating students in a way that accommodates their individual
differences, disabilities, and special needs.

SpEd teachers - are caring and highly trained professionals who help students with developmental,
physical and behavioral/emotional needs.

Social model - the loss or limitations of opportunities for persons with physical, sensory or intellectual
impairment to partake in the ordinary life of the community on an equal level with others due to
physical, structural and social barriers.

Social environment - their society and all surroundings influenced in some way by humans. It includes
all relationships, institutions, culture, and physical structures.

Social Presence - is your brand personality expressed in the bite-sized visuals and message of social
media.

Tt
Teacher centered - positions the teacher as the expert in charge of imparting knowledge to his or her
students via lectures or direct instruction.

Teaching presence - the design, facilitation, and direction of cognitive and social processes for the
purpose of realizing personally meaningful and educationally worthwhile learning outcomes.

Uu
Unique- Being the only one of its kind,distinct or unusual.

Unity- The state of being united or joined as a whole.

Understand- To Comprehend or grasp the meaning of something.

Utilize- To make practical or effective use of something.

Utilitarian - is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness
and well-being for the affected individuals.
Vv
Value- The importance , worth, or usefulness of something.

Visualize- To form a mental image or picture of something.

Vocabulary- A collection of words known or used by a particular person or group.

Ww
Way- A path to follow.

Win- To succeed at something.

Xx
Xiphoid- Relating to a structure resembling a sword,often used in anatomy.

Yy
Yearn- To have a strong desire or longing for something.

Yield- To produce or provide a result,giveaway or give in to pressure.

Zz
Zest- Great enthusiasm or energy.

Zenith- The highest point or peak.

Zestful- Full of energy and enthusiasm.