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History of Biology

The history of biology is divided into three stages: ancient, modern and molecular. The ancient period spanned from prehistory to the Middle Ages and was characterized by religious explanations of natural phenomena. The modern era began with the Renaissance and lasted until the end of the 19th century, key concepts were defined and tools such as the microscope were developed. The molecular stage is the current one, it began in 1920 with advances such as the electron microscope and now includes fields such as

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45 views2 pages

History of Biology

The history of biology is divided into three stages: ancient, modern and molecular. The ancient period spanned from prehistory to the Middle Ages and was characterized by religious explanations of natural phenomena. The modern era began with the Renaissance and lasted until the end of the 19th century, key concepts were defined and tools such as the microscope were developed. The molecular stage is the current one, it began in 1920 with advances such as the electron microscope and now includes fields such as

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HISTORY OF BIOLOGY

Biology (whose name comes from the Greek:


bíos, “life” and logy, “science, knowledge”) is
one of the Natural Sciences , and its object of
study includes the different forms and
dynamics of life: its origin, the evolution, and
the processes of living beings.

The history of biology is divided into three major stages:

ANCIENT , theories and discoveries made from


prehistory to the Middle Ages . In this stage of
sedentary life, man began to observe natural
phenomena such as changes in seasons, tides, rain, all
of which they attributed to the action of different
gods; This way of explaining natural phenomena
through religion and mythology lasted until the 6th
century BC. Period in which several Greek
philosophers called naturalists appear, among the best known was Thales of
Miletus. Then the first biological documents appeared, many of them
attributed to Hippocrates and he is remembered for the Oath. Aristotle
considered the Father of Zoology and Galeano, the last physician of antiquity,
considered the father of Anatomy.

MODERN , With the Renaissance this era of Biology


began, it lasted until the end of the 19th century,
here great biological changes were defined and
some devices and tools were invented that made
research more optimal. Among the advances is the
invention of the microscope , with which biological
structures that could not be seen with the naked eye began to be observed.

Modern biology is based on several unifying themes such as:

 The Cell Theory


 Darwin and Wallace's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
 Mendel's Laws
 The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
 Crick's Central Dogma on the flow of information.
MOLECULAR , It is the current moment, based on the basis of cellular
constitution. Molecular life, which in some way can be called biology of our time,
began in 1920. The invention of the electron microscope, technological
advances have made possible great achievements in the different fields of
biology, highlighting what has been achieved at the level of Genetic research.

In the early 20th century, the rediscovery of Mendel's work led to the rapid
development of genetics by Thomas Hunt Morgan and his students, combining
population genetics and natural classification into the modern evolutionary
synthesis during the 1930s. New sciences developed rapidly, especially after
James Watson (American Biologist) and Francis Crick (British Biologist)
discoverers of the structure of DNA. At the end of this century, new fields
such as Genomics and Proteomics reversed this trend, as organic biologists
used molecular techniques and investigated the interaction between genes and
the environment.

In the 21st century , the biological sciences


converged as new and classical disciplines
previously differentiated as physics in
research fields such as biophysics. Advances
were made in analytical chemistry and
physical instrumentation, optical components,
networks, satellites, and computing power for
data collection, storage, visualization, and simulation. All these technological
advances supported the theoretical and experimental search of molecular
biochemistry, biological systems and ecosystem science. All this made possible
global entry for improved measurements, complex simulations, analysis,
observational data content over the Internet. New fields of research in
biological sciences emerged such as “bioinformatics” (application of
computational technologies to the processing and observation of biological
data). “Theoretical biology” (conceptual characterization of biological
problems). “Computational Genomics” (the use of computational analyzes to
interpret the biology of genome sequences). “Astrobiology” (scientific discipline
of the branch of biological sciences) and “Synthetic Biology (the synthesis of
biomolecular, the belief that studies the chemical composition of living beings).

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