Hemanth Project
Hemanth Project
ON
CROP ROTATION
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
By
N. HEMANTH 22751A0489
(2024-25)
i
SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDMANAGEMENT
STUDIES, CHITTOOR-517127, A.P.
(Autonomous – NAAC Accredited)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Permanently Affiliated to JNTUA,Ananthapuramu)
DEPARTMENT OF ECE - ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the community service project report “CROP ROTATION” is a genuine work of
N. HEMANTH 22751A0489 submitted to the department of ECE - ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for theaward of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in ECE - ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING,during the academic year 2024-25.
( N. HEMANTH )
Project Supervisor
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Certificate from Official of the Community
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Any achievement, be it scholastic or otherwise does not depend solely on the individual effort but on
the guidance, encouragement and cooperation of intellectuals, elders, and friends. We would like to
take this opportunity to thank them all.
We feel ourselves honored for placing our warm salutation to THE MANAGEMENT, SITAMS,
which gave us the opportunity to obtain a strong base in B. Tech and profound knowledge.
With deep sense of gratitude, we acknowledge Dr. S. Vijaya kumar, B.E., M.E., Ph.D., Head of
the Department., Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, for her valuable support and help in
processing our Community Service Project.
We also express thanks to our supervisor Dr. Y. J. Nazeer Ahmed, Assistant Professor in
Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning for encouraging us in doing this
Community Service Project.
Finally, we would like to express our sincere thanks to all the Faculty Members of CSM Department,
and Lab Technicians, Friends & Family members, who all have motivated and helped us to do this
Awareness.
N. HEMANTH (22751A0489)
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CONTENTS
01 Executive Summary 01
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Chapter 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The community service report shall have only a one-page executive summary. It shall include a
brief description of the Community and summary of all activities done by the student in CSP and five or
more learning objectives and outcomes.
Agriculture is one of the important emerging sectors of our country. So, in order to conduct the
survey, we have taken permission from the agriculture officer in the village, I N. HEMANTH visited,
village located near IRRANGARIPALLI on a mission to the village to impart knowledge and awareness
about the importance of crop rotation among local farmers. The campaign aimed to enhance agricultural
practices, improve crop yield, and foster sustainable farming methods.
We have conducted the survey regarding the types of crops and schemes provided by the
Government. We have conducted awareness program and other activities. We gave awareness about the
schemes provided by the Government. We had a visit to the field and enquired them about the duration of
the crop and its harvesting time. Now-a-days many farmers have begun to adopt alternative practices with
the goals of reducing input costs, preserving the resource base, and protecting human health.
Hence, our survey on the type of crops and YSR RYTHU BHAROSA scheme has been
conducted effectively.
Objectives:
Educate farmers about the benefits of crop rotation, demonstrate practical methods of implementing crop
rotation, Encourage the adoption of sustainable farming practices.
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Chapter 2: OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY
Firstly, we have approached the Agriculture Officer and we have taken their permission in order to conduct
survey and awareness among the farmers. We have interacted with the farmers regarding many aspects such
as the importance of agriculture, the welfare schemes provided by the Government and benefits of crop
rotation. We also made them to share their views on various topics and also maintain a healthy conversation.
Here's an overview of how socio-economic conditions can impact the community's views on crop rotation:
Landownership:
Large Landowners: Wealthier or large landowners may find it easier to implement crop rotation due to the
resources at their disposal. They might view crop rotation as a long-term investment in soil health and
overall farm productivity.
Smallholders: Farmers with smaller landholdings may face challenges in implementing crop rotation,
especially if they are concerned about immediate economic returns. Limited resources might lead them to
prioritize short-term gains over long-term soil health.
Market Dynamics:
Market Demand: The economic conditions of the community are closely tied to market demands. If there is
a strong demand for specific crops, farmers might be reluctant to diversify through crop rotation. Economic
incentives and market prices can influence the decision-making process.
In summary, the community's views on crop rotation are intricately linked to their socio-economic
conditions. Factors such as landownership, access to resources, market dynamics, government support, and
local climate play pivotal roles in shaping the community's perception and adoption of crop rotation as a
sustainable agricultural practice.
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Chapter 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE PART
Description of the Activities undertaken in the Community during the Community Service Project. This
part could end by reflecting on what kind of values, life skills, and technical skills the students acquired.
Community service might include taking part in an Agriculture and Crop Rotation project. The term
community service refers to any act that is performed for the benefit of the community at large.
Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock in order to provide facilities the human beings.
In the rise of the sedentary human lifestyle agriculture was the key development. The cultivation of plant
and food grains began years ago in order to provide food to the city population. Agriculture is the main
need for the people to live in the society. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood; it provides a source
for the people to earn. Most of the population in the rural areas is dependent on agriculture as their main
source of income. Agriculture contributes significantly to a country’s GDP that is the Gross Domestic
Production of a country. By the passing of time, there are a number of revolutions that take place in order
to improve agriculture throughout the world or a country.
If we talk about agriculture, India has witnessed a number of revolutions, that is, the green revolution,
yellow revolution, blue revolution, agriculture. Agriculture affects the biodiversity of a country depending
upon agricultural activities. The major agricultural products can be widely grouped into categories of food
grains, fibers and raw materials. Food grains included the grains or cereals that have been used for eating.
Fibers crops are completely Commercial, they cannot be eaten and are completely grown for making
money. Raw materials are that category of crops that are completely grown for use as raw materials in
industries in order to prepare other items.
In our community service initiative focused on crop rotation, our primary goal is to foster sustainable
agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility, reduce pests and diseases, and ultimately contribute to
increased crop yields. Through a series of workshops, training sessions, and collaborative efforts with local
agricultural experts, we aim to educate community members about the manifold benefits of implementing
crop rotation in their farming practices.
By organizing hands-on activities, such as setting up demonstration plots in community gardens and public
spaces, we provide tangible examples of different crop rotation patterns, ensuring that participants can
witness the positive outcomes firsthand. In collaboration with schools, we seek to integrate lessons on
sustainable agriculture and crop rotation into the curriculum, fostering a new generation of environmentally
conscious farmers. Additionally, our community service initiative extends to the digital realm, where we
create informative resources, such as pamphlets and online platforms, to reach a wider audience and build
an interactive community where individuals can share experiences and seek guidance.
By collaborating with local farmers, hosting field days, and participating in agricultural fairs, we create
opportunities for knowledge exchange and hands-on training, empowering community members to
implement crop rotation effectively. Furthermore, our commitment involves ongoing support and follow-
up, ensuring that the principles of crop rotation become ingrained in local farming practices, leading to a
more sustainable and resilient agricultural community.
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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK
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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 1 (From 01-07-2024 to 06-07-2024)
Objective of the Activity Done: selecting the area and getting permission from Higher authorities
Detailed Report:
As per the community service project, our mentor had discussed with me about the CSP. Based on
our knowledge, interests and ideas, we have selected a topic from the list of science students that is “crop
rotation”. After that, we searched for community having fields as per our topic. finally, I have selected a
village named “PAKALA” in Sri Balaji district. we also prepared a questionnaire is for the people to clarify
our doubts and also to note the problems they are facing. The interaction with them was very helpful for us
to know about the new things.
Conclusion:
Community service can be a step towards building better and healthy society. It leads to change
their lives by the by the service provided by the volunteers.
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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK
Needs more
we asked the disadvantages of investments and
13-07-24
crop rotation. experience.
(Saturday)
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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 2 (From 08-07-2024 to 13-07-2024)
Objective of the Activity Done: asking questions to the farmers about crop rotations and soil fertility.
Detailed Report:
I went to village and asked the prepared questionnaire. while listening their answers, we also noticed
the problems that they were facing in it. farmers usually perform three crop cycles in a year. They preferred
this type of practice to increase the physical and chemical conditions of soil and overall fertility too. The
mostly preferred red soil and black soil for this practice.
we also observed that advantage of crop rotation.it is not appropriate in certain climate conditions. It
also needs a higher amount of equipment with more investment. the farmers who perform this type of
practice, should definitely have experience and knowledge about it.
Conclusion:
Agriculture is not easy to task. It needs much hard work. Farmers who are performing crop rotation
have more experience on it.
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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK
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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 3 (From 15-07-2024 to 20-07-2024)
Objective of the Activity Done: asking questions to the farmers about crop rotations and selecting
of crops which is suitable for crop rotation.
Detailed Report:
During this week we cover some more areas and asked our questions. From our survey found that
only select crops are used for crop rotation such as corn, tomato, wheat, Soyabean etc. This Crop Rotation
also depends on seasons.so seasonal crops are selected for this. The farmers will take approximately three
months gap in between crops During crop rotation of the completion of every crop, the weeds should be
removed by Machine or labors. most of the farmers use drip irrigation, sprinklers irrigation techniques for
crops. They sell their Yield in the market, only a few will sell your households.
Conclusion:
we can conclude that any experienced worker is definitely needed to perform this practice.it also
needs machinery which has a high investment.
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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK
22-07-24 we asked about the subsidy they They won’t get any
(Monday) get from government. subsidy from govt
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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 4 (From 22-07-2024 to 27-07-2024)
Objective of the Activity Done: I asked to farmers about govt. free schemes like Rythu Bharosa,
Arogya Sri and subsidy for crops and fertilizers that they are getting from government.
Detailed Report:
Through the entire week we have observed a different mindsets and opinions and our questions.
They also responded very genuinely when we asked about subsidy from the government, they replied that
they won't get any type of subsidies from the government. They also follow mixed cropping technique
which is nothing but cultivating more crops at same land and also at same time. The farmers mostly use
inorganic fertilizers for agriculture. we also asked about welfare schemes from the government. They
responded that the schemes they get are Rythu Bharosa, Arogya Sri etc. and also to test the fertility of the
soil, they use density bottle and Pycnometer.
Conclusion:
We can conclude that still in some areas most of the farmers are not getting any subsidies from the
government.
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Chapter 4: OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION
I designed a comprehensive survey questionnaire focusing on farmers' current crop rotation practices,
challenges faced, and their understanding of the benefits of crop rotation.
And I engaged with local agricultural extension officers to facilitate the distribution of the survey
within the village, ensuring a representative sample of farmers.
After that I conducted face-to-face interviews with farmers to gather qualitative insights, understanding
their experiences, preferences, and barriers to adopting diverse crop rotations.
I asked questions about soil health, pest and disease management, and economic considerations to
Assess the holistic impact of crop rotation on farming systems.
And I gathered information on farmers' access to resources, such as seeds, fertilizers, and technical
knowledge, which can influence their ability to implement effective crop rotation.
QUESTIONAIRE:
Long-term Impact: Have farmers noticed sustained benefits over years of practice?
Income: How do you believe crop rotation influences your overall farm income?
Benefits: In your experience, what benefits have you observed from practicing crop rotation?
Improvements: Have you noticed any improvements in soil quality or crop yields?
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Short-term and long-term action plan for possible solutions for the
problemsidentified and that could be recommended to the concerned
authorities for implementation.
Implement cover cropping in the current season to improve soil structure and fertility.
Establish local support groups to share best practices and experiences among farmers.
Invest in research and development for crop varieties suitable for diverse rotations.
Establish long-term education programs to train the next generation of farmers in advanced crop rotation
practices.
Implement precision agriculture technologies for optimized crop planning and resource management.
Create a comprehensive database on crop performance and rotation outcomes to inform future
strategies.
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Description of the Community awareness programs conducted w.r.t
theproblems and their outcomes.
Not Knowing: People don't know much about why changing crops is good for farming.
Doing it Like Before: Many still do farming the old way with just one type of crop.
Not Enough Stuff: Some don't have what they need, like different seeds or tools.
Small Lands: Farms are often tiny, and it's hard to change crops around.
No Buyers: Farmers worry if they grow new things, no one will buy them.
Not Enough Water: Water is scarce, making it tough to switch crops as needed.
No Help Talk: People aren't hearing much about changing crops from those who know.
Worried About Problems: Farmers are scared of things going wrong with changing crops.
Not Working Together: The community isn't teaming up to try new farming things together.
Government Not Helping: The leaders aren't making rules or giving help for changing crops, so
it's not happening much.
Addressing these simple problems can help the community understand and embrace crop
rotation for better farming.
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Chapter 5: Report of the Mini-Project work done in the related
subject w.r.t the habitation/village.
Agriculture and Crop Rotation: Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and
livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization,
whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in
cities. Crop rotation is the practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same pot of land
to improve soil health, optimize nutrients in the soil, and combat pest and weed pressure.
History of Crop Rotation: Agriculturalists have long recognized that suitable rotations such as
planting spring crops for livestock in place of grains for human consumption — make it possible
to restore or to maintain productive soils. Ancient Near Eastern farmers practiced crop rotation in
6000 BC without understanding the chemistry, alternately planting legumes and cereals.
Two-Field Systems: Under a two-field rotation, half the land was planted in a year, while the
other half lay fallow. Then, in the next year, the two fields were reversed. In China both the two-
field and three field system had been used since the Eastern Zhou period. From the times of
Charlemagne (died814), farmers in Europe transitioned from a two-field crop rotation to a three-
field crop rotation.
Three-Field Systems: From the end of the Middle Ages until the 20th century, Europe's farmers
practiced a three-field rotation, where available lands were divided into three sections. One
section was planted in the autumn with rye or winter wheat, followed by spring oats or barley;
the second section grew crops such as peas, lentils, or beans; and the third field was left fallow.
The three fields were rotated in this manner so that every three years, one of the fields would rest
and lie fallow. Under the two-field system, if one has a total of 600 acres (2.4 km2) of fertile land,
one would only plant 300 acres. Under the new three-field rotation system, one would plant (and
therefore harvest) 400 acres. But the additional crops had a more significant effect than mere
quantitative productivity. Since the spring crops were mostly legumes, they increased the overall
nutrition of the people of 19 Northern Europe.
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Major Crops in Andhra Pradesh
Groundnut: Groundnut is an important commercial crop in rain fed areas which contributes about
40 percent to the total oilseeds production in the country. India occupies first position, both in area and
production, in the world. About 70% of the area and 75% of the production are concentrated in the four
states of Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
and Orissa have irrigated area forms about 6% of the total groundnut area in India. In Andhra Pradesh
groundnut is grown in Anantapur, Kurnool, Chittoor, Kadapa, Warangal, Nalgonda, Srikakulam,
Visakhapatnam and Mahbubnagar districts.
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Paddy: Andhra Pradesh is an agriculturally developed state, eith nearly 23.9% of the GSDP coming
from the agriculture sector employing about 62.17% in this sector. The agricultural sector employs
around 60% of the main work force of the state and 76% of the marginal work force, thus proving to
be the largest employment generating sector. Nearly 45.24% (i.e., 45.63 lakh hectares) is under paddy
cultivation in Andhra Pradesh. This contributes to 69.1% of the total foodgrains production of the
state. The yield rate of paddy in Andhra Pradesh is higher than the average yield rate for India at 2178
kgs/ hectare.
Despite the advances in cultivation profile of the state, rice productivity is still significantly
lower than Punjab’s productivity (4022 kgs/ hectare). Rice cultivation in the state is typically done
under irrigated conditions. This is one of the prime reasons for higher productivity from the state.
However, this has led to problems of ground water exploitation and depletion of ground level reserves.
A major source of irrigation other than wells and tube wells is canal irrigation form the rivers of
Krishna and Godavari.
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Sugarcane:
Sugarcane is a most important cash crop of India. It involves less risk and farmers are assured up to some
extent about return even in adverse condition. Sugarcane provides raw material for the second largest agro-
based industry after textile. The sugar industry is an instrumental in generating the sizable employment in
the rural sector directly and through its ancillary units.
Sugarcane is grown in various states in subtropical and tropical regions of the country. Main sugarcane
growing States are:
a) Sub-Tropical: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Punjab, Bihar with an annual rainfall of 180 to
2000 mm. The climate ranges from humid, moist sub-humid and dry sub-humid to cold arid, semiarid and arid.
b) Tropical region: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh with
an annual rainfall of 602 to 3640 mm having moist to dry sub humid and semiarid to dry semi-arid climates.
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Chapter 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS OF
THE MINI PROJECT
On overall view India has always been benefited by Agriculture. Though the future of India is
Industrialization the contribution of agriculture would always prove to be vital for making India a
powerful and stable economy in the future.
The agricultural sector is of vital importance for the region. It is undergoing a process of transition
to a market economy, with substantial changes in the social, legal, structural, productive and supply
set-ups, as is the case with all other sectors of the economy.
India largely depends on the agriculture sector. Besides, agriculture is not just a mean of livelihood
but a way of living life in India. Moreover, the government is continuously making efforts to develop
this sector as the whole nation depends on for food.
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Student Self-Evaluation for the Community Service Project
Student Name:N. HEMANTH
Registration No: 22751A0489
Period of CSP: 01-07-2024 To 27-07-2024
Date of Evaluation:
Name of the Person in-Charge:
Address with mobile:
1) Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2) Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3) Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
5) Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7) Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
9) Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
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Evaluation by the Person in-charge in the Community/Habitation
Student Name:N. HEMANTH
Registration No: 22751A0489
Period of CSP: 01-07-2024 To 27-07-2024
Date of Evaluation:
Name of the Person in-Charge:
Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the student’s self-evaluationRating
Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank
1) Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2) Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3) Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7) Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11) Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
Date:
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Chapter 7: PHOTOS AND VIDEO LINKS
Paddy Fields
Lady's Finger
Sugar cane
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Jowar (Sorghum)
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