Year 8 summer activity
Unit 1 - Citizenship
1. What are the essential characteristics of good citizenship?
2. Why is good citizenship important for the well-being of a society?
3. Discuss how citizenship can be acquired and lost in a country like Ethiopia.
Unit 2 -State and Government
4. Define the concept of a state and explain its essential elements.
5. How do governments maintain law and order within a state?
6. Compare and contrast different forms of government, such as monarchy, aristocracy, dictatorship,
and democracy.
Unit 3 -Democracy
7. Trace the origins of democracy, focusing on its development in ancient Athens.
8. Differentiate between liberal democracy and social democracy, providing examples of where each is
practised.
9. Discuss the methods through which democracy can be exercised, including direct and indirect
democracy.
Unit 4 -Rule of Law
10. Define the concept of the rule of law and explain its significance in ensuring a just society.
11. How does the rule of law differ from the rule of man? Provide examples to illustrate.
12. Identify and analyse factors that can affect the implementation of the rule of law within a country.
Unit 5 -Human Rights
13. Explain the concept of human rights and list some of their key features.
14. Why is it important for governments to respect human rights, and what are the moral
responsibilities associated with protecting them?
15. Discuss various instruments and mechanisms available to safeguard human rights at national and
international levels.
unit 6 -Engagement in Community Affairs
16. Define community engagement and discuss its significance in fostering a sense of belonging and
social cohesion.
17. Explore the benefits of voluntary service in the community, both for individuals and society.
18. Analyze the social, political, and economic aspects of community engagement, providing examples
for each.
Unit 7- Critical Thinking
19. What is critical thinking, and why is it important in education and everyday life?
20. Identify and explain the key skills associated with critical thinking, such as analysis, teamwork,
creativity, and problem-solving.
Answer:-
1. respects others;
is helpful to others;
listens to other people’s opinions;
helps people who can’t help themselves;
lives in harmony with other members of society;
is always willing to learn; and
is aware of his or her societal responsibilities and rights.
2. so we can live in peace and harmony
3. ways to acquire citizenship by birth descent marriage etc.
To lose is the involuntary loss of citizenship.
4. A state is a formally established political community that operates under the authority of a
government.
Its elements are people, sovereignty, territory, and government.
5. Governments accomplish this by passing laws that govern the activities
of all members of society. As a result, governments provide
mechanisms for resolving conflicts among members of groups and
maintaining social stability.
6. Each form of government has its strengths and weaknesses, and their effectiveness often depends
on historical context, cultural norms, and the values of the society they govern.
7. The term democracy is derived from two Greek words: demos,
which means “the people”, and Kratos, which means “to rule”
These two words are combined to form democracy, which literally
means “rule of the people.
8. Liberal democracy is a type of democracy whereby a government that adopts such a type of
democracy usually does not intervene in the economic and social sectors. Governments that practice
such democracy encourage the private sector and free market system. But Social democracy is a type
of democracy whereby governments that adopt such democracy usually intervene in economic and
social affairs.
9. by role-playing
10. is a principle under which all persons, institutions,
and entities are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated
and equally enforced.
11. rule of man is the absence of the rule of law and their rules
change from ruler to ruler
12. The effective implementation of the rule of law is a complex and multifaceted process that
depends on a range of interconnected factors. By addressing issues such as judicial independence,
corruption, access to justice, and the legal framework, countries can work towards strengthening the
rule of law and promoting accountability, transparency, and justice within their societies.
13. Human rights are rights to people cuz they are human
Universal, inherent, inalienable, interdependence
14 . Helpful to ensure democracy, justice and growth
It is a prerequisite to sustainable peace and development
Ensure people have basic needs
15. ?
16. is the process by which community
benefit organizations and the practice of moving communities towards
a better change through empowerment.
17. Builds trust and empowers, Allows deeper engagement etc
18. community engagement plays a crucial role in enhancing social cohesion, promoting democratic
governance, and fostering economic development within communities. By addressing social, political,
and economic aspects, community engagement can lead to more inclusive, resilient, and prosperous
societies.
19. is the ability to think clearly and rationally about
what to do or what to believe. It includes the ability to engage in
reflective and independent thinking. It makes us to do a good decision-making
20. Analytical skills are one of the first and most important critical
thinking skills expected of students like you. The ability to examine
something is central to analysis as a critical thinking skill� As
previously stated, we now have access to information from a variety
of sources. Another important critical thinking skill expected of every student
like you is the ability to collaborate with other students. It is critical
to recognize that teamwork is an essential component of our success
in the teaching learning process. Creativity and innovation are two other critical thinking skills that
are expected of every student like you. Coming up with a solution
that no one else has thought of before is what creativity or innovation
entails. If you are given a task, you must be creative,
bringing a new idea that is distinct from the rest of the students. Problem-solving is another critical
thinking skill that is expected
of every student, including you. Crossing or overcoming the obstacles
and barriers that stand in our way of success is what problem-
solving is all about.
