2nS betaote Yt

S photosensitive

Date 5/4/22
Page No.

HCOMS
Page16
CELTT

Gnold
Z e a d
P b )

laah
Scan eng gu

LSinqeSht
SouTCL O
poutTc /Deuctoo

HLead Lead 6TCRS: To Callnate x- paucle irto

thin beam,

Thin Giold foli 0m10 ESo t has a

Single layer f gotd atom

àZn Scoon 10 Check the presena_ -pasuticle altr

payuirg from qsld foo

CbsorVatfons
Mot Of the -pOutfdu (Qg 86p) uuent undiate

Ca14O f K-pasutdles dulated mose than P01

 Date. 512 2
Page No.
K beltzmane
deulated moso th
-pautfelo
One Sooo
0 7 901
wtated abOu 180'
about 180
One n lo x-pautfue
back
L= 190) Retuonoa
(Psaollep bogk)
122

TOCU
TOU
ISo
O 0_60 90 100 120 1YD 16o

APPOxFomula

=K2
7= Atomic o .
K Conctant
&cattouq angla

0 no Of portcle

loo0 -pauttictei as Cattevod at 60°.Chd

the n o 04 -pautfcioa that w?u be
attou

N= Kz2
 #one haue u UOd qoaid un the expeiment
Due to the psop outy eh maileabitity.
DateDate S|2|22
Page No

N Kz2 -

N2
000

N I00O= 250

Ruthoukosd'S Neucear Mod

Atom

le Most pasut o theatm u ompty

99.9696 X-poutfcta pasicd undsuiated. pac(hollau
2houo Somo tve) CharqehTcta atom una
ey mal p0
-pautt cudilloctea by mo10 than
 Date. 52122
PageNo.

Tho (tve) Chasqe nside atom CoDCANiated

fo an
appru size L01Sm
LappbL Size_o a t o m 10 m

OneOne in lo pautide duoiatid by 180

H Oo o pautfctes catteuud 0 a p a t l a
angle e difE: aiff mota

N=Kzz
si
DIf motalsoemonts) hauo di¢p Ve) cham
thoir nudl.
6222
tracked
5Jhe a aKAhed_by the nucteus but the
doeknor mouetouoasd the nuCNES.

nutzalizek thi forco LIGLUR uh any crcui

0sbir aDOndnOcieus

FEFe
FE Cantipoqa f-
mv KaQ2 Fe OlecDStatic
2
 Date
Page No
DXtancc O Uosoat Appcoch
u n f t e

Lirnt

(Gs6 arrn)
Appltat O onSeuuatfon Of Enesqy

KaA t kE:= t0
o

K Ka.g

K=L 20) (ze)

C
Specral aLe

Maxmum K E mevN
7 (bold)
K:_ - xIO
 Date.
Page No.

30 XiD m

3fm {eimi)_

Df K:f 5mey pmcetad tooarduu

pautfcte CDS OLL.
Oranom nuclQu.end tho dittanca
appaach un n A 7-92

XLKO9
2X q2xa xI x 6 XIo
5x6OTXIo XLO

5 a 99 X10 m
53 XIo mn
= 5:3x 10- 2 Cm

Impact Pauametse (b)

t h e the ditanca op the Pnitial uclatfty
-p.autfcle uofth the Cnke of nuts
CacLLated nfemi.
 Date
Page No.

Draudback 0 Rutbutgud Modsl

OAn Ato
b He COLuld not eMplain the Stabilty atem.
Mauo Q0 Statod that an acealuates Chaugod pattid
Tadiaton (onergy) hile mouîng h a chcula
path
ha accaluatën
haChage
Lontnuosy mit adinttsn
usUL CStuT d th the nuctous
thevalore e

Thu wi happon un I0 atom uil mot be

Stab
 Date.
Page No.

o H e could mat explann daocuaall pacrum 94

atam.
in any rCular artir
Can susLwe
lContinuOs crcular 0bit)

homoson's Modul OAn to

ThomoSon S modl QuOuy atom
Accordhg to a
Cengika a tuelu Chauoqed &phu
Hadiu tho oxdar (to10) m in ughich ontre
disibutu
mak posttoe chago auo unifommt
In anu_phere a embeddlod &Codl
LinStAaa uOatcmolon os plump un_ a
DUddino he no Of f Sach that their ( |
e l t h i atom
Chage is 0quai to tho tve) chauge
hus atom YS Clocm aLOy na

ntatienn
TCould Met eplan tho Spechal Souu
huduogen thor atomi Qebsouu0d 0Xpeuimontal

T_Couuld mat explainlanga Lngle catteuing o

dpasutictas fsom thin m@tal foilk obtcnicd
by Rutherfond
 Date
Page No.

Bchs' Atomlc Modu (1913)

lo Coan Tuawe anly un 0 CLLGun Stable tthtt

thee aa (altad
n A O OxbitS Exed enegy
leucl oY Statfonauy tate.
enaig
enuugy
mamed alK, L, M, N.
heSe wQue

5 l ev (M)

3 e v (L)
-136 ev (K)

d haue Came eneugy a that o, the osbir un

unich ut i geUaluing

3Ohil TOUoLOhq una pautfcular onaua louol

osbit) donat omit any mdiatfont
ClaiLal eleckomaqnoANSm_ mechonice Cannot
be applicd on atomic leuL

HoT an dlectoen ahcogh0emiti onenay i t muat

nove to df onesgy louo
5 Delununq table orbits: Can Qualwo thote
curcular 0nbits uohue anqutor momentomL
Oan an unteqsas multiple of

h planR ConCtant
 Date
Page No.

Emus

-0

bohr'Quantfzatun Condituon
ngular momontum of i quantYtized

Calculatton O mdiu (s, Patntia Pnesau 1PP,

Velniw Kibetic encuqy [Ke), Tstal eneroy (TE)

s o m Ruthaford' Model

Canti pftat fort i pmuided by olactonst.atic fose

Ce 4,0

mv Bqg
 Date
Page No
mV

myT mhi
my

mheoT
2ex

Tm ze2
0-53
Radu o th 0rbit 0:5298 68 m [A)
Z

EFor th Atom Z m=|

T053 A_

Td extu ud tadu3 qll

ha
e zutid &1ct |2nd
TOUnd StalL T t shL

mo of Shet im= 0xcfutat+

 Date.
Page No.
For He atom =2

(2nd hau)
E053x12)1 = :06A
2

E or 20d oxiud Stau Li

7 3 M: 3
Ta0S3 x (3 =:59 A

th ehu

Put i n eq0
mh
KMLe2

V= z e
hem

Fox H dona
V= 18_X10 mS
 Date
Page No

Calculaliin BE. BE 4JE

K m2 P:E Q192 (uoith

SiGn)

mz2e
un2eon2 P:E=- |
mhCo
mz'ey
Mze

p.e mze
m h

Mut puy divida by

p- 2mz2 e
8n2h Co

TE Kf +P:
T Mz2e 2mze
ghEn 8n+he
TE mz2e"
gh-En

m2

P= K TE
 Date. 2 |22
PageNo.

Hhd the Ke ot_an õ n ond onbir ofR**

Ahd
TRf= 136 X (3
(2

-16X

- 306 eV

KE 30 6ev
p:£ gSNAAA- 61:3 elN
Spoua Ca

TE -13:672

o Hatbm.
Lohen m TE-13:6 ev
:2, TP=-3:4 ev
T:f-5l1 eV
T A: S e/_

beunda eieuS AONAY u0quired to

fso the eeeicpom modouse
 Date 2 12
Page No.

EneuayLU DYaqsam

(6a

Lmen bam oer

bTat pOSCh orPhord
_aumpheu

feom ohr Mocu

6OhilRaunluingh hfgher eneugy loucl one may.
emit Tadiationg
photbn a cpai t uwauClanoth
and fau de-01tPtea t a louBOU OnLgy le0
Ihe oneu9y uch pheton i aluoau cquad te the
diff o a eneugy teudl
E Ena En

nc E En-

Ohit Rusouonq in d leoer enerqy

1euo 0n e rmay
absotb 10diatfon (photn] of
acpo[ uoa olength
Qnd fompsexttu a hianor energy leuol
The nesqy uCh photon u aLLau Rquai to-
tho diff nougy uola
E En- En
n = En1 - Fo
 Date. 2|A2
Page No.

nitatfong O Bony Atomic Modu

tandt ruo ony fos H atom and H o
ctom&. Sthale C gpocu
egtHe Be3

Cannot Xxplain spoc.aum s mutié spccfe.

d doeonot tas intn accsunt uaue matuKL Se

ufstathq de brnali nypothol
H r 9oi latu hefconbQug unceLtainiu puinep

Tm2e

Momuntom (p) 0 m
=mZ02
heon

55 t CannotOxplain &blPEthq_op.octsal unu uni

elocnie foltd Stauk e r
maa oi 7eoman

AtomilpectUnA
EmPssion SpeetrUm
Ab oophion &poetnm
 Date 312122
Page No.

Emfaston Pctum Lune otuul

Atomic gal by lectic Cr

Sorne Speufic

A Pnsm
wawoiongtht
weTe pTCtent
on the STegn

ctaom
Euo q haO hauackouetfeomigSisn gpe
hape ame emisaton ctuUMa
Wo gu

Eplanadtin ling DiccHTL | Crmfcston pccrOm

En-136 72 0:V

0-8Sev
-SlevV B -ld6 x 1 -136
-3ev
--136ev
E -13:6 x =-3y

136 x a-1Slev-
(3)

136 X 0-4Sev
y u)?
 LHDoo-8000 A Raanbow (Lontinoos Date, &12]3
spettoUm) Page No.

mpontant Ngll
1 absosbg enesgy umpt ehig hor
enogy
eueL
d A Veuy unctabu ün hfghor enougy
lozdted_Stdte)._

SO fauk ba0R Ldo-exfto) e tho louner eneTqu_

louol emftthg t h e om o adiatlon
LphotonS)..

HoEhogy s CuCn phe[on qual tothe dilA

onougy-
Oeneugy d0bits nuaiwed n tranction

Ena-Ea
tphaton
c Ens- En

h onouau quantized d
Luu hauno CLutanpouACNaiu0 onk

h dAhd tho en1 ou auolunath Baphoton

emitedwhen Hattpm maRu trancitfon

-151 +13:6
1 209
 Date 312la2
Page No

he

12.09 1Ruo

RYO X1Do (mm)

=
1209

03 56mm
02S6 A
112aa
omted
DShogteut eumula ahclng A)

Ephelen tn En

= 1 3 67 13:6 z2|
n

136 72 136 7
d m,2 m

h 13:672
m m

1363
hC

R
m)
 Date. 912R
PageNo.

ushare R i09 X10 m

Ohoro R RaLdboua ontant

Hato m 2>)|
R2

2
R
(2

P 2

2 2

112

o 26 A
 Date 1O|alaa
Page No

()

Shortet tsoxéatien
A laigest
O t ramAAte
dtestt

laovfet arelenpt for La lmec

he Jongeelt
eie e Hot a f s t

2
2 2

R
22 2

26

x412
64 8A
 en O

Date. 10aa
Page No.

viibl

No-Uiqe Speuhal lines/Na.duigag ranaiting/No.wig

A_
 Date.1022
Page No

NoDrbhen Speumm
LohoulSpmM

Coa
pexihtawch ae peget
tmikiopesmm will be obaent
tor ption speuum viteroxt
Dark in