Câu đảo ngữ (INVERSION)

1. Tại sao lại gọi là ĐẢO NGỮ?

Đảo ngữ là hình thức đảo ngược vị trí của trạng từ và trợ động từ lên đầu câu, đứng trước chủ ngữ với mục
đích nhấn mạnh vào hành động, tính chất của chủ ngữ, đồng thời làm tăng tính biểu cảm của câu.
Dạng 1 : Đảo ngữ với trạng từ phủ định
- never: không bao giờ
- hardly: hầu như không
- little: ít khi, hiếm khi
- rarely: hiếm khi
- seldom: hiếm khi
- scarcely: hiếm khi
- hardly ever: hầu như không bao giờ
TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V.
eg: - Seldom do they eat meat (hiếm khi họ ăn thịt)
Dạng 2: Đảo ngữ với các cấu trúc No
- at no time: không bao giờ
- on no condition: không đủ khả năng, dù thế nào
- on no account: không thể nào, không ..... trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào
- under/ in no circumstances: không bao giờ
- for no searson: không có lý do gì
- in no way: không thể nào, không thể
- no longer: không..........nữa
- nowhere: không ở nơi nào
Eg: - For no reason will we surrender
(chúng ta sẽ không đầu hàng vì bất kỳ lí do gì)
- No longer does he work here (ông ta không làm việc ở đây nữa)
Dạng 3: Đảo ngữ với Such và So
* SO + ADJ + BE + S + THAT + S + V + O
* SO + ADV + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V + THAT + S + V + O
Eg: So angry was the man that he beat all the woman. (người đàn ông quá tức giận đến nỗi hắn đánh cô ta)
- So stupid are you that you will die. (Mày quá ngu đến nỗi mày sẽ chết)
- So quickly did she run that they couldn't catch them.
B. SUCH
SUCH (+ A/AN) + N + BE + S + THAT + S + V + O
- Such a beautiful girl is she that all boys love her.
Dạng 4: Đảo ngữ với Hardly,barely scarcel……... when..../ No sooner….than
* HARDLY + HAD + S + V3/ed + WHEN + S + V- quá khứ đơn. : (vừa mới .............. thì)
NO SOONER + HAD + S + V3/ed + THAN + S + V-quá khứ đơn.
- Hardly had she left home when it rained (cô ta vừa ra ngoài thì trời mưa)
- Hardly had the chopper taken off when it exploded (máy bay trực thăng vừa cất cánh thì nó bị nổ)
-No sooner had he died than his sons fought for his property.
(Lão vừa mới chết thì những thằng con trai lão tranh giành tài sản)
Dạng 5: Đảo ngữ với các cấu trúc có Only
- only once: chỉ 1 lần
- only later: chỉ sau đó
- only in this/ that way: chỉ bằng cách này/ cách đó
- only after + /v-ing/ n: chỉ sau khi
- only by v_ing/ n: chỉ bằng cách, bằng việc
- only with + n: chỉ với
- only then: chỉ sau đó
- only + giới từ + thời gian: chỉ vào lúc
.................................
=> CÁC CỤM NÀY + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V
Eg: Only by practising frequenly can you play footbell well.
(chỉ bằng việc tập luyện thường xuyên chú mới có thể chơi bóng đá giỏi)
* LOẠI 2:
- only when: chỉ khi / only after: chỉ sau khi / only if: chỉ nếu mà : ĐẢO NGỮ VẾ SAU
- Only when she left did he understand her love for him.
(chỉ khi cô ấy ra đi, anh ấy mới hiểu được tình yêu của cô ấy cho mình)
Dạng 6: Đảo ngữ với cấu trúc Not only ... but also... : (không những..........mà còn)
* NOT ONLY + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V1 + BUT + S + ALSO + V2
Eg: Not only did he steal the car but he also burnt the house.
Dạng 7: Đảo ngữ với Not until (hay till) : ((mãi) cho đến khi/ chỉ khi........thì mới......)
* NOT UNTIL + THỜI GIAN/ S1 + V1 + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S2 + V2.
Vd: - Not until I went to bed did I remember the task
((Mãi) Cho đến khi/ chỉ khi tao đi ngủ thì tao mới nhớ đến nhiệm vụ)
- Not until 11 p.m will he come back. (mãi đến lúc 11 giờ đêm nó mới về)
Dạng 8: Đảo ngữ với giới từ chỉ địa điểm
- here: ở đây / - there: ở đó /- Giới từ (in, on, at, from, to...) + đia điểm
=> CÁC CỤM NÀY + V + S.
Eg:- There came the guests. (những người khách đã đến đó)/ In the kitchen was a ghost (1 con ma ở trong bếp)
Dạng 9: Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
PRACTICE
EX1: Choose the correct answer:
1. Never ________ me again.
a. will be she love b. she loves c. she won't love d. she will love
2. Not only_______ but she is also very intelligent
a. she is beautiful b. beautiful she is c. is she beautiful d. beautiful is she
3. No sooner___________ out that it rained.
a. did I go b. I went c. had I gone d. I had gone
4. Seldom___________ the guitar.
a. he plays b. does he plays c. he doesn't play d. he does play
5. Hardly___________a wrok whether son came back.
a. couldn't she say b. she could say c. she couldn't say d. could she say
6. Only at weekend___________ my kids to Water Park
a. I don't take b. do I take c. I take d. I do take
7. So old ___________ that she couldn't dance.
a. She wasn't b. she was c. wasn't she d. was he
8. _______ here yesterday, you would have met me.
a. Were you b. you were c. Had you been d. You had been
9. On the battle field___________
a. the tanks did lie b. the tanks lay c. did the tanks lie d. lay the tanks
10. At no time___________ greater opportunities.
a. did women had b. has women had c. does women have d. have women had
11. ___________ has the work bee so easy.
a. Never b. only by c. When d. For
12. Now here___________ such cooperative staff.
a. you can find b. you found c. you could find d. can you find
13. Never before___________ in an carnest attempt to resolve their differences.
a. have the leaders of these two countries met
b. the leaders of these two countries have met
c. have the leaders of these two countries meet
d. met the leaders of these two countries
14. Seldom___________ a newspaper.
a. buys Anna b. does Anna buy c. bought Anna d. Anna does buy
15. Not only__________ at the post office, ___________ at the grocery store.
a. does Mary work/but she also works b. works Mary/but she also works
c. does Mary work/but does she also work d. had entered she
16. No sooner___________ the house than the phone started to ring.
a. had she entered b. she had entered c. entered she d. had entered she
Ex2: Choose the correct answer:
1. No sooner ………. out than it rains.
A. he goes B. will he go C. does he go
2. Never ………. driven cars as much as today.
A. do people / B. people / C. have people
3. Not only ………. but he also dances.
A. does he sing B. he sings C. do he sing
4. Not until Tim apologizes ……….
A. will I not agree B. will not I agre C. I won’t agree
5. ………. students couldn’t pass it.
A. So was the exam difficult that B. So difficult was the exam that C. So difficult was the exercise that did
6. Should ………. her, please call me.
A. he meets B. he meet C. does he meet
7. ………. advised on how to prepare for the interview, he might have got the job.
A. Should he be B. Were he to be C. Had he been
8. “Jane didn’t have a class this morning.” – “What a coincidence! ………. .”
A. Neither did I B. So did I C. Neither I did
9. “Have you seen my phone?” – “………. I found it in the bathroom.
A. Here was it B. Here is it C. Here it is
10. Rarely _______ anyone using typewriters now-a-days.
A. you see B. will you see C. you will see D. you have seen
11. ________ received law degrees as today.
A. Never so many women have B. Never have so many women
C. The women aren’t ever D. Women who have never
12. _______ but also it filters out harmful rays.
A. The environment gives us air to breathe B. Not only the environment gives us air to breathe
C. The environment which gives us air to breathe D. Not only does the environment give us air to breathe
13. _______ have goods returned to us because they are faulty.
A. Seldom we do B. Seldom do we C. Rarely we D. Hardly we
14. Hardly _______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet.
A. he had B. he was C. had he D. did he
15. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and _______.
A. so do their children B. neither did the children C. so did their children D. so the children did
16. Never _______ such a heinous crime.
A. he has committedB. has he done C. he has done D. has he committed
17. _______ resigned, we would have been forced to sack him.
A. Had he no B. He had C. Had he D. If he has not
18. Only after the food has been dried or canned_______.
A. that it should be stored for later consumption B. should be stored for later consumption
C. should it be stored for later consumption D. it should be stored for later consumption
Ex 3: Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD

1. If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing.

=>Were _________________________________________________________.
2. Would you visit me if I were sent to prison?
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.
3. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.
4. If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.
5. If I were you, I would tell him the truth.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.
6. If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.
7. If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.
8. If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.
9. If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.
10. If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train.=>
Had___________________________________________________________.
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