Book 1

Ayat Al Kursi: Surah Al- Baqarah 2, 2:255

﴿ ‫الَّلُه اَل ِإَٰلَه ِإاَّل ُهَو اْلَح ُّي اْلَقُّيوُم ۚ اَل َتْأُخ ُذُه ِسَنٌة َواَل َنْوٌم ۚ َّلُه َما ِفي الَّسَماَواِت َوَما ِفي اَأْلْر ِض ۗ َمن َذا‬
‫اَّلِذي َيْش َفُع ِع نَدُه ِإاَّل ِبِإْذِنِه ۚ َيْعَلُم َما َبْيَن َأْيِديِهْم َوَما َخ ْلَفُهْم ۖ َواَل ُيِح يُطوَن ِبَش ْي ٍء ِّمْن ِع ْلِمِه ِإاَّل ِبَما‬
‫َأْل‬
‫﴾َش اَء ۚ َوِسَع ُكْر ِسُّيُه الَّسَماَواِت َوا ْرَض ۖ َواَل َيُئوُدُه ِح ْفُظُهَما ۚ َوُهَو اْلَعِلُّي اْلَعِظيُم‬

“Allah! There is no god but He - The Living, The Self-subsisting, Eternal. No slumber can seize Him, nor
sleep. His are all things in the heavens and on earth. Who is there can intercede in His presence
except as he permitted? He knows what (appeared to His creatures as before or after or behind them.
Nor shall they compass Aught of his knowledge Except as He wills. His throne extends over the
heavens and earth, and He feels No fatigue in guarding and preserving them, For He is the Most High,
The Supreme

Ayaat al Kursi is about Allah’s GLORY.

When it says “there is no God but He” it describes the Oneness of Allah
(tawheed), his power and Authority

“The Living, Self Subsisting” means he is Eternal and self sufficient -He does not
need anyone to exit

“No slumber can seize him means He never sleeps or gets tired in guarding his
creation.

He created the Universes (Al -Fatir): everything in the heavens and earth
belongs to him and He controls everything. Therefore, only He is worthy of
worship
He can do what he wants with his creation.

He grants us limited knowledge as he wills.

This Ayat talks about the vast throne of Allah, which conveys us his Glory.

Significance in daily life

Reciting it at night protects us during sleep, from supernatural beings, and
grants Jannah if we pass away during sleep.

Allah is Omnipresent means He is watching us everywhere so we should not do

any bad acts
Allah is Aleem, so we should proclaim his oneness all the time.
He is Al-Razzaq, means he provides food and blessings.

Surah Al-An'am - 101-103

١٠١ ‫َبِديُع لَّسَمٰـَٰوِت َوٱَأْلْر ِض ۖ َأَّنٰى َيُكوُن َل ُهۥَوَلٌۭد ٌۭد َوَلْم َتُكن َّل ُهۥَصٰـِح َبٌۭةٌۭة ۖ َوَخ َلَق ُكَّلَش ْى ٍۢءٍۢء ۖ َوُهَو ِبُكِّل َش ْى ٍءَعِليٌۭم ٌۭم‬

˹He is˺ the Originator of the heavens and earth. How could He have children
when He has no mate? He created all things and has ˹perfect˺ knowledge of
everything.

١٠٢ ‫َٰذِلُكُم ٱل َّل ُهَرُّبُكْم ۖ َل ٓاِإَلٰـَه ِإاَّل ُهَو َۖخٰـِلُق ُكِّل َش ْى ٍۢء َفْعُبُدوُه ۚ َوُهَو َعَلٰى ُكِّل َش ْىَوٍۢءِكيٌۭل ٌۭل‬

That is Allah—your Lord! There is no god ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him. ˹He
is˺ the Creator of all things, so worship Him ˹alone˺. And He is the Maintainer
of everything.

١٠٣ ‫َّلا ُتْدِرُكُه ٱ ْل َأ ْب َص ٰـ ُر َوُهَو ُيْدِرُك ٱ ْل َأ ْب َص ٰـ َر ۖ َوُهَو ٱل َّل ِطي ُف ٱ ْل َخ ِبي ُر‬

No vision can encompass Him, but He encompasses all vision. For He is the
Most Subtle, All-Aware.

Explanation:

The Surah highlights attributes of Allah, and his absolute unity. It tells
that He has the ultimate knowledge and power to originate, create and
decide affairs.

It rejects the idea of God having a son. He has no family.

History & Importance of Quran .

Revelation of Quran to Prophet

- !st Revelation of Quran

After creating man, Allah sustains and guides him, as he promised

Adam:
“Get down all from Paradise, then when a guidance comes to you,
whoever follows shall not fear or grieve”

Many prophets came with guidance and Quran was the last & final one. The
basic message is the same in all divine books.

Quran is the word of Allah revealed to prophet M. , whom narrated it without

changes.
Quran was 1st revealed on the night of Laila-tul-qadr, when prophet was 40.
At the beginning he got inspiration through true dreams.

The prophet liked seclusion; He used to sit alone for days in cave of Hira (on
Jabal al Noor mountain) for meditation and used to think about Makkans. His
wife Khadijah would send him with provisions.
One night, angel Jibrael appeared and asked him to read.

Narration of this event in the prophet own words, read p31 (*)

- Khadijah’s support
When prophet returned home, his heart was thumping fast. He asked Khadija to
cover him and told her everything.

She replied that “Allah will never disgrace you, bcz you keep good relations with
your kin and help the poor, serve your guests nicely and assist those in need”

Khadija took prophet to her cousin, Waraqah Bin Naufal Bin Asad who was
Chirstian and knew the Bible. He could not see.
When prophet told him the events, Waraqah understood that this was Jibril who
came, the same angel who came to Musa. Waraqah warned the prophet that he
will be treated badly by the people, because this happened to all messengers,
and said that if he lives to that day he shall support him.

Soon, Waraqah died and revelations stopped for some time.

 Also surah Baqarah:97 tell us that revelation (wahi) came to prophet through
angel Jibril (see pg 32 *)

- Modes of Revelation
The 1st revelation was first 5 verses of surah Al-Alaq given by angel Jibril in the
form of a man in cave of Hira.
After this, revelations came in 3 forms:
. As if a bell was ringing. This was the hardest form.
. Jibril came in the form of a man and talked
. Jibril came in his true form and talked
When Jibril left, prophet used to remember what he said.

- Condition of the prophet at the time of revelation:

He used to become quiet, perspire profusely and feel heavy.

A companion of prophet Zaid Bin Thabit was once sitting with his leg under the
leg of Holy prophet, just then, revelation came and he tells how he felt a
crushing weight.

When a revelation came, prophet used to call a literate companion and dictate
him the text, and then ask him to read it, ensuring its accuracy.

Prophet arranged the verses in 144 chapters as guided by Allah.

- Why the Quran was revealed gradually?

. The Quran was revealed according to the needs and circumstances
(Azbaab un nusool)

. To make the experience easy for the prophet

. To make understanding and memorization easy for all

. To implement the laws of Allah gradually

. Many verses came as answers to questions of people on particular

events, which gave better u.nderstanding
- Preservation of the Quran in prophets life,

It was done through:

a) Memorization : Thousands of companions memorized Quran (Huffaz),

including Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Talha, Khalid Bin Waleed…

b) Writing: More than 40 Scribes like Zaid bin Thabit used to write down
the wahis and prophet asked them to read them. When there was an error
prophet corrected it. Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Ubayy Bin Kaab,
Zubair were also scribes.

When prophet passed away, all materials were found in his house. Abu Bakar
tied them with Al-Itqan (a string). The Quran was written on Leather, Wood,
Stones, animal bones, papyrus, palm leaves.

Prophet would send teachers to far places to teach Islam. Many women
wanted to marry men who would teach them Quran and when Makkans came
to Medina prophet would send that person to the Ansar to learn Quran
 Life & Importance of the Prophet .
Conditions of Arabia before Islam till 3rd year of prophethood

The Jahaliya period:

Period of 2 centuries before Islam, is known as the age of Ignorance in
Arabia.

Political & Social life,

There was no one ruler but different tribes headed by sheikhs. They were
chosen for their courage and leadership qualities and decided tribal
affairs.

Due to the desserts there was no agriculture, and tribes were pastoral and
nomadic, and towns people were traders. Drinking gambling…was
common.

Position of Women before Islam

Some women enjoyed upper social status and freedom like Khadija.

Others were treated like animals and commodity: Women had no rights
like inheritance.

Men married many women, and widows were not allowed to re-marry. If a
man died, his brothers inherited his wife. Baby girls were killed and
buried alive.

Moral life
Arabs were brave people and loyal to their tribe.

They had 4 qualities: Hospitality, fortitude, courage and honor.

They protected the fugitive

Religious life

They were polytheists, though believed in Allah as the supreme God. Each
tribe had its God, and deity, like Hubal, Uzza, Lat,..
Antecessors of prophet

Qusai was a ruler of Makkah and surroundings in 5 th century. He took

charge of Kaabah, and supplied provisions to pilgrims.

His descendants Abd Munaf, Hashim, and Abdul Mutalib also became
custodians of the Kaaba

When Abdul Mutalib became the head of Banu Hashim he discovered Zam
Zam well which was buried.

His son was Abdullah. Abdullah married Amina. Abdullah died soon after a
commercial journey.

Year of the Elephant “Aam ul feel”

Around 570 C.E prophet was born. This year, a Christian ruler called
Abraha marched with elephants army to demolish Kaaba. The lead
elephant refused to enter the city.

Abdul Mutalib united with Arab tribes to protect the Kaaba, and told
Abraha that God will protect His House. next day a cloud of birds
appeared carrying rocks and dropped them on the army, which ran away.
Abraha was wounded and died.
 The 1st Islamic Community .

Wives of Prophet

They are called Ummahatul Mumineen (mothers of the believers) and deserve
special respect and were forbidden to marry after the prophet.

They conveyed facts about the life of the prophet to Muslims

Reasons for marrying more than once,

. To protect widows and children.

The prophet set an example when marrying the widows of those martyred in
battles to provide them shelter and protection.

. Education for females

Islam gave women the right to gain knowledge and prophet set the example
by teaching his wives.

. Political reasons
Many enemy tribes became less hostile after marrying their women to the
prophet, and some accepted Islam. E.g. marriage with Safiya many jews
ended their enemity towards Islam.

. To present the best of Characters,

The prophet set the example that it is possible to maintain a family and obey
Allah same time.

Khadijja…….pg 157 Jawairiah bint Al Harith

Sawdah Bint Zamaa Umme Habiba
Ayesha Bint Abu Bakr Safiyah bint Hai
Zainab Mamoonah Bint Harith
Ume Salmah Rehana Bint Zaid
Hafsah Bint Umar Maria Qibtiya
Zainab BintJahsh

Book 2
Major teachings of Alhadith pg3

Hadith 1
"Religion is sincerity." We said: "To whom?" He said: "To Allah, to His Book,
to His Messenger, to the Muslim leaders and their common people."

Teaching:
Teaches importance of sincerity in Islam towards 5 entities:
Allah, Quran, prophet, Rulers, people.

Implementation (how can we follow this hadith as muslims, what to do)

sincerity to Allah is to worship Him with devotion and submission, with full
faith that he is our creator and sustainer.

Sincerity to Quran is believing that it comes from Allah, who revealed it to

prophet and to believe in its contents. Also to preserve the Quran by
memorizing and understanding

Sincerity to prophet is believing that all he told us is true, and obeying his
commands.

Sincerity to Scholars of Islam and Muslim Rulers is obeying them as

long as they do not go against the teachings of Islam.

Sincerity to fellow beings is helping and caring for other Muslims.

Hadith 2

one of you [truly] believes until he loves for his brother that which he loves
for himself.

Teaching:
Teaches us equality and compassion, i.e. we should wish for others what we
wish for ourselves. Islam does not discriminate between color, race and
status, meaning all humans are equal. Islam dislikes selfishness and envy.

Implementation:
It is obligatory for a person to love for his brother what he loves for himsel f. E.g., if
I want to be respected in the community I must give respect to others, If I
want to be forgiven for a mistake, I must forgive others.
Hadith 3
"Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should say what is good or keep
silent. Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should honor his neighbor.
Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should honor his guest.

Teaching:
Teaches us responsibility towards our community, and not to dishonor or
speak bad of other muslims. Also to be good to neighbours and guests

Implementation
As muslims we should be careful about our words, because they can
displease Allah, and we can be held accountable in the hereafter. Also, bad
words lead to disputes and conflicts, so shall be avoided

If we see a dispute, we should not take sides but try to end the dispute. If we
do not have knowledge then it is better to keep silent
Also, we must be kind to our guests and generous towards our neighbor to
make our society peaceful and harmonious.

Hadith 4

A man asked the Prophet, “Do you think if I pray the five prescribed prayers,
I fast the month of Ramadan, and I uphold what is lawful and unlawful
without adding anything to it, will I enter Paradise?” The Prophet, peace and
blessings be upon him, said, “ Yes.”

Teaching:
Teaches that Islam is based on ease, and what are the minimum conditions
to enter paradise.

Implementation
whoever wants to enter paradise shall fulfill the minimum conditions like
prayers and fast. On the other hand some Good deeds are encouraged based
on personal capacity, e.g. Hajj is obligatory for those who can afford it.

Muslims must be aware of Halal and Haram and avoid unlawful acts.
. e.g. lying and stealing are sins and will restrain a person from entering
paradise.
Hadith 5

Every joint of a person must perform a charity each day that the sun rises: to
judge justly between two people is a charity. To help a man with his mount,
lifting him onto it or hoisting up his belongings onto it, is a charity.

Teachings: Good deeds benefit society and are a way of showing gratitude to
Allah

Implementation: Helping 2 people resolve their dispute is an act of charity in

Islam.

Also, a simple act like saying good words when someone is upset, or making dua
for them is also considered charity. Other charitable act is removing a stone
from the path.
Articles of Faith

are Fundamental beliefs that are the basics of Islam. Muslims MUST have strong
faith in them. The 6 fundamental articles of faith, are BELIEF in:

 Oneness of Allah
 Angels / malaika
 the Books
 the prophets
 Resurrection and the last day
 Predestination

Belief in Oneness of Allah

Tawheed means to believe in ONE creator. To have faith that there is no

God except Him: He created the heavens and earth, and the highest
moral attributes of divinity and perfection belong to Him only.

Only He decides the matters so supplications must be made to him only.

He is almighty, all wise who deserves to be worshipped alone.

He provides, controls and is all-knowing and all-hearing. Nothing is

beyond his capability.

He is the most merciful and all blessings come from Him.

To know more about Allah we believe what the Quran and sunnah says. When
Makkans asked prophet to tell them about Allah, surah Ikhlas was revealed,
where 4 merits of Allah are described:

. The Absolute, means self-sufficient – does not need anyone

. Eternal, he has been for ever and shall remain forever.
. He does not beget and Nor is he begotten, i.e has No children/
family
. There is none like Him

Far reaching effects of Tawheed

Belief in Tawheed,
  makes us humble and modest, as we are servants of Allah.
 gives us freedom and dignity as we only depend on Allah, and only
bow to him, (only ask him for help)
 Gives us confidence as we trust Allah’s will (so we do not worry about
future)
 A believer is not impressed by anyone’s status, does not envy others
 A believer does not feel proud of wealth
 A believer does not want worldly success through unfair means

Belief in the Angels

Belief in them is an article of Faith.

They are honorable creatures of Allah, made from light, invisible to us.
They have wings and travel faster that light. They can take different forms.

. They have no freewill and are obedient to Allah. They cannot intercede
with Allah for anyone. All angels bowed down before Adam.

. Angels seek forgiveness for us. They are commanded by Allah to help us
in our tests (e.g. they were sent down in battle of Badr to help muslims)

. We cannot worship them or ask for help; that will be shirk.

Jibreel (Ruh-ul-Ameen)
He was given the task to convey revelations to Messengers, so Quran
refers to him as the Messenger. He was the one who told Maryam about
the birth of Isa.
He came to Muhammad in many occasions, like cave Hira with the 1 st
revelation. In Laila-tul-qadr he descends to spread blessings on muslims.

Israfeel
The one who will blow the trumpet on judgment day. the sound will destroy and
kill everything. When he blows again, everything will come back to life as per
Allah’s wish.
Izraeel
Angel of death. He takes the souls and returns them to Allah, as per Allah’s
command.

Mikaeel
He can send rain, move clouds and winds as Allah wishes. He has helper angels

Rizwan
Keeper of paradise

Malik
Keeper of Hell

Kiraman katebeen
They record our deeds good and bad until we die. This record will be shown to
us on day of judgement

Munkar & Nakeer,

Angels of the grave. They will question us after death, about our belief in Allah
and the prophet.

Virtues of Belief in Angels,

. We would be grateful to Allah for telling the angels to serve us.

. Allah elevated our status as humans, which gives us a sense of
responsibility.
. We are careful after knowing that angels are recording all our deeds.
. Angels visit on Laila-tul-qadr makes our bond with Allah stronger.
Pillars of Islam

Shahada, = Declaration of faith is one of the 5 pillars.

. A person enters Islam by testifying shahada.

. A person is not Muslim if he does believe shahada, or adds anything

to it.

. By declaring shahada a believer agrees to follow the

commandments of Allah, and the Sunna of the prophet, and to obey
other pillars of Islam.

shahada consists of 2 statements,

 1. Tawheed: “Ashhadu an laa ila ha illah laa Wadahu laa
shareekala hu”,
means “I testify there is No God but Allah, Who is One, Who has no
partners”

The word Allah’ denotes all attributes of beauty and perfection.

Tawheed is testifying the Oneness of Allah, that only He is worthy of
worship. That He is the Provider, the Sustainer, the one that answers, the most
Merciful, Eternal, and has no partners and family.
He is Omnipotent and Omniscient = all knowing

2. Wa ashhadu anna Muhammad an abduhu wa rasooluh

And I testify that verily, Muhammad is the worshipper and Messenger of Allah

It means to believe and declare that Muhammad is the final Messenger of Allah,
and his message is for all humanity.
Also to believe that Quran, the last divine message, was given to him and will be
protected by Allah till the end.
Also, that no other messengers will come after Muhammad, as he is the final
Seal of prophethood.