1st Year:

1. Anatomy I 200 Marks

2. Physiology I 200 Marks
3. Biochemistry I 200 Marks
4. Introduction to Allied Health Sciences 200 Marks
5. English 100 Marks
6. Introduction to Computer 100 Marks
Total Marks 1000 Marks
1. ANATOMY I
CELL BIOLOGY
GENERAL ANATOMY
Terms related to position and movements, the skin and subcutaneous tissues, Layers of skin,
Integuments of skin, Glands associated with hair follicle, Microscopic picture of skin
BONES AND CARTILAGES
Osteology, Functions of Bones, Classification of bones, Parts of developing long bones, Blood
supply of bones, Lymphatic vessels & nerve supply, Rule of direction of nutrient foramen,
Gross structure of long bone, Surface markings, Cartilage, Development of bone and cartilage
and Microscopic picture of cartilage and bone
THE MUSCLE
Introduction, Histological Classification, Functions of muscles in general, Type of skeletal
muscles, Parts of skeletal muscle and their action and Nomenclature and Microscopic picture of
muscle
STRUCTURES RELATED TO MUSCLES & BONES
Tendons, Aponeurosis, Fasciae, Synovial bursae, Tendon Synovial sheaths, Raphaes, Ligaments,
Condyle, Epicongyle, Ridge, Tuberosity, Tubercle, Foramen, Canal, Groove, Process and Spur
THE JOINTS
Introduction, Functional classifications, Structural classification, Structures comprising a
Synovial joint, Movements of joints, Blood supply of Synovial joints, their nerve supply and
lymphatic drainage and Factors responsible for joint stability and Development of joints
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Definition, Division of circulatory system into pulmonary & systemic, Classification of blood
vessels and their microscopic picture and Heart and its histology and Function of the Heart and
Anastomosis
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Definition, Outline of cellular architecture, Classification of nervous system, Parts of the central
nervous system, Microscopic picture of cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, Functional
components of a nerve, Typical spinal nerve and Microscopic picture of nerve and Introduction
of autonomic nervous system and Anatomy of neuromuscular junction
UPPER LIMB
OSTEOLOGY:
Detailed description of all bones of upper limb and shoulder girdle along their musculature and
ligamentous attachments
MYOLOGY
Muscles connecting upper limb to the axial skeletal, Muscles around shoulder joint, Walls and
contents of axilla, Muscles in brachial region, Muscles of forearm, Muscles of hand, Retinacula
and Palmar apouenrosis and Flexor tendon dorsal digital expansion
NEUROLOGY
Course, distribution and functions of all nerves of upper limb and Brachial plexus
ANGIOLOGY (CIRCULATION).
Course and distribution of all arteries and veins of upper limb, Lymphatic drainage of the upper
limb and Axillary lymph node and Cubital fossa
ARTHROLOGY
Acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints, Shoulder joint, Elbow joint, Wrist joint,
Radioulnar joints, Inter carpal joints, Joints MCP and IP and Surface Anatomy of upper limb,
and Surface marking of upper limb
DEMONSTARIONS:
Demonstration on Shoulder joint, attached muscles and articulating surfaces, Demonstration on
Elbow joint, Demonstration on Wrist joint, Demonstration on Radioulnar joint, Demonstration
on MCP and IP joints, Demonstration on acromioclavicular joint, Demonstration on
sternoclavicular joint and Demonstration on Brachial plexus and Demonstration on Structure of
bones
THORAX
STRUCTURES OF THE THORACIC WALL:
Dorsal spine (Vertebrae), Sternum, Costal Cartilages & Ribs, Intercostal Muscles, Intercostal
Nerves, Diaphragm, Blood supply of thoracic wall and Lymphatic drainage of thoracic wall and
Joints of thorax
THORACIC CAVITY:
Mediastinum, Pleura, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchopulmonary segments, Pericardium, Heart – Its
blood supply, venous drainage & nerve supply, Large veins of thorax, superior and in-ferior
vena cava., pulmonary veins brachiocephalic veins and Large Arteries – Aorta & its branches
LOWER LIMB
OSTEOLOGY
Detailed description of all bones of lower limb and pelvis along their musculature and
ligamentous attachments.
MYOLOGY
Muscles of gluteal region, Muscles around hip joint, Muscles of thigh (anteriorly, posteriorly,
laterally and medially) and Muscles of lower leg and foot
NEUROLOGY
Course, distribution, supply of all nerves of lower limb and gluteal region and Lumbosacral
plexus.
ANGIOLOGY
Course and distribution of all arteries, veins and lymphatic drainage of lower limb
ARTHROLOGY
Pelvis, Hip joint, Knee joint, Ankle joint, Joints of the foot, Surface Anatomy of lower limb and
Surface marking of lower limb
GENERAL HISTOLOGY
Cell, Epithelium, Connective tissue, Bone, Muscles tissue, Nervous tissues, Blood vessels, Skin
and appendages and Lymphatic organs
GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY:
Male and female reproductive organs, Cell division and Gametogenesis, Fertilization, cleavage,
blastocyst formation and implantation of the embryo. Stages of early embryonic development in
second and third week of intrauterine life, Foetal membrane (amniotic cavity, yolk sac, allantois,
umbilical cord and Placenta) and Developmental defects
Practicals:
During study of Gross Anatomy, emphasis should be given on applied aspect, radiological
anatomy, surface anatomy and cross-sectional anatomy of the region covered in the respective
year.
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS:
1. Gray’s Anatomy by Prof. Susan Standring 39th Ed.,
2. Elsevier, Clinical Anatomy for, Medical Students by Richard S.Snell,
3. Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Keith Moore,
4. Clinical Anatomy by R.J. Last, Latest Ed,
5. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy by G.J. Romanes, 15th Ed., Vol-I
6. The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology by Keith L. Moore, 6th Ed,
Wheater’s Functional Histology by Young and Heath,
7. Latest Ed, Medical Histology by Prof. Laiq Hussain, Neuroanatomyby Richard S.Snell.

2. PHYSIOLOGY I
BASIC AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
Functional organization of human body, Homeostasis, Control systems in the body, Cell
membrane and its functions, Cell organelles and their functions and Genes: control and function
NERVE AND MUSCLE
Structure and function of neuron, Physiological properties of nerve fibers, Physiology of action
potential, Conduction of nerve impulse, Nerve degeneration and regeneration. Synapses,
Physiological structure of muscle, Skeletal muscle contraction, Skeletal, smooth and cardiac
muscle contraction, Neuromuscular junction and transmission, Excitation contraction coupling,
Structure and function of motor unit
Clinical Module
Perform nerve conduction studies and explain their clinical importance. Myopathies and
neuropathies. Peripheral nerve injuries
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Heart and circulation, Function of cardiac muscle, Cardiac pacemaker and cardiac muscle
contraction, Cardiac cycle, ECG: recording and interpretation. Common arrhythmias and its
mechanism of development, Types of blood vessels and their function, Haemodynamics of blood
flow (local control systemic circulation its regulation and control). Peripheral resistance its
regulation and effect on circulation, Arterial pulse, Blood pressure and its regulation, Cardiac
output and its control, Heart sounds and murmurs Importance in circulation and control of
venous return., Coronary circulation, Splanchnic, pulmonary and cerebral circulation , Clinical
Module
Clinical significance of cardiac cycle, correlation of ECG and heart sounds to cardiac cycle.
Clinical significance of cardiac cycle, interpretation of ischemia and arrhythmias. Effects of
hypertension. Clinical significance of heart sounds. Effects of ischemia. Shock
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Function of respiratory tract, Respiratory and non-respiratory function of the lungs, Mechanics
of breathing, Production & function of surfactant and compliance of lungs, Protective reflexes,
Lung volumes and capacities including dead space, Diffusion of gases across the alveolar
membrane, Relationship between ventilation and perfusion. Mechanism of transport of oxygen
and carbon dioxide in blood, Nervous and chemical regulation of respiration, Abnormal
breathing, Hypoxia, its causes and effects, Cyanosis, its causes and effects
Clinical Module
Clinical importance of lung function tests. Causes of abnormal ventilation and perfusion. Effects
on pneumothoax, pleural effusion, and pneumonia. Respiratory failure. Artificial respiration and
uses & effects of O2 therapy. Clinical significance of hypoxia, cyanosis, and dyspnoea
BLOOD
Composition and general functions of blood, Plasma proteins their production and function,
Erythropoiesis and red blood cell function, Structure, function, production and different types of
haemoglobin, Iron absorption storage and metabolism, Blood indices, Function, production and
type of white blood cells, Function and production of platelets, Clotting mechanism of blood,
Blood groups and their role in blood transfusion, Complications of blood transfusion with
reference to ABO & RH incompatibility, Components of reticuloendothelial systems, gross and
microscopic structure including tonsil, lymph node and spleen, Development and function of
reticuloendothelial system
Clinical Module
Anemia and its different types. Blood indices in various disorders. Clotting disorders. Blood
grouping and cross matching. Immunity
SKIN AND BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION + SPORT PHYSIOLOGY
Practicals:
HEMATOLOGY
Use of the microscope. Determination of haemoglobin. Determination of erythrocyte
sedimentation rate. Determining packed cell volume. Measuring bleeding and clotting time. RBC
count. Red cell indices. WBC count. Leukocyte count. Prothrombin and thrombin time
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Clinical examination of chest. Pulmonary volume, their capacities and clinical interpretation.
Stethography
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (to be coordinated with the department of medicine),
Examination of arterial pulse, ECG recording and interpretation, Arterial blood pressure, Effects
of exercise and posture on blood pressure, Apex beat and normal heart sounds
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS
 1. Textbook of Physiology by Guyton and Hall, Latest Ed.
2. Review of Medical Physiology by William F. Ganong, Latest Ed.
3. Physiology by Berne and Levy, Latest Ed.
4. Human Physiology: The Basis of Medicine by Gillian Pocock, Christopher D.
Richards
5. Physiological Basis of Medical Practice by John B. West and Taylor, 12th Ed.

3. BIOCHEMISTRY I
CELL
Introduction to Biochemistry, Cell: (Biochemical Aspects), Cell Membrane Structure, Membrane
Proteins, Receptors & Signal Molecules
BODY FLUIDS
Structure and properties of Water, Weak Acids & Bases, Concept of pH & pK, Buffers, their
mechanism of action, Body buffers
BIOMOLECULES
Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins
Amino acids: Classification, Acid-Base Properties, Functions & Significance, Protein Structure,
Primary, Secondary & Super secondary. &, Structural Motifs, Tertiary & Quaternary Structures
of Proteins, Protein Domains, Classification of Proteins, Fibrous proteins (collagens and elastins)
& Globular proteins
ENZYMES
Introduction, Classification & Properties of Enzymes, Coenzymes, Isozymes & Proenzymes,
Regulation & Inhibition of Enzyme activity & enzymes inhibitors, Clinical Diagnostic
Enzymology
CARBOHYDRATES
Definition, Classification, Biochemical Functions & Significance of Carbohydrates, Structure &
Properties of Monosaccharides & Oligosaccharides, Structure & Properties of Polysaccharides,
Bacterial cell Wall, Heteropolysaccharides, GAGS
LIPIDS
Classification of Lipids, Fatty Acids: Chemistry, Classification occurrence & Functions,
Structure & Properties of Triacylglycerols and Complex Lipids, Classification & Functions of
Eicosanoids, Cholesterol: Chemistry, Functions & Clinical Significance, Bile acids/salts
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Structure, Functions & Biochemical Role of Nucleotides. Structure & Functions of DNA,
Structure & Functions of RNA
MINERALS & TRACE ELEMENTS
Sources, RDA, Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Calcium & Phosphorus,
Sources, RDA, Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Ca, Na, K, Cl, Mg, S, &P,
Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mb, Se, Co, I,F etc.

VITAMINS
Sources, RDA& Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Fat Soluble Vitamins,
Sources, RDA& Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Water Soluble, Vitamins
NUTRITION
Dietary Importance of Carbohydrates, Lipids & Proteins and other dietary Ingredients. Balanced
Diet. Diet in specialized conditions
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Nitrogenous basis, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Structure & Role of Nucleotide.
TISSUE BIOCHEMISTRY
Extracellular Matrix, Collagen, Elastin and Extracellular Matrix Components, Biochemistry of
Proteoglycans, Bone & Teeth, Muscle & Cytoskeleton
Practicals:
Introduction to Biochemistry
Working SOPs for a Biochemistry Practical Laboratory. Introduction to Laboratory
Equipments and Techniques. Preparation of solution (Normal, Molar Equivalent solution).
Physical Biochemistry
Surface Tension. Process of adsorption. Buffer Action. Practical application of Henderson-
Hasselbalch’s equation
Carbohydrate
Molisch’s Test & Iodine Test. Benedict’s Test & Barfoed’s Test. Selivanoff’s Test &
Phenylhydrazine Test. Sucrose Hydrolysis. Starch Hydrolysis. Schematic Identification of
an unknown carbohydrate
Proteins
Biuret Test, Heat Coagulation Test & Salt Saturation Test. Ninhydrin Test, Xanthoproteic
Test & Millon-Nasse’s Test. Aldehyde Test, Sakaguchi’s Test & Lead Sulphide Test.
Determination of Isoelectric pH of casein Protein. Schematic Identification of unknown
protein
Lipids
Emulsification of natural fat & Solubility of soap. Acrolein Test & Test for Cholesterol
19. Iodine & Peroxide value calculation. Saponification value calculation
Biochemical analysis of different body fluid
Sample Collection & Physical Evaluation of Urine. Analysis of Normal Urine. Analysis of
Abnormal Urine
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Harper’s Biochemistry by Robbert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes, Victor
W. Rodwel (Latest Edition).
2. Lippincott’s Illustrated Review of Biochemistry by Pamela C. Champe and Richard A.
Harvey (Latest Edition).
3. Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Varley (Latest Edition).
4. Textbook of Biochemistry by Devlin (Latest Edition).
5. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry by M.A. Hashmi (Latest Edition).
6. Biochemistry by Stryer (Latest Edition).
4. INTRODUCTION TO ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
Introduction to different sub-disciplines of Allied Health Sciences including Pathology Lab
Sciences, Surgery / OT Lab Sciences, Radiology Lab Sciences, Cardio Pulmonary Lab Sciences,
MCH Lab Sciences, Public Health Lab Sciences, Dental Lab Sciences, Urology Lab Sciences,
Anesthesia Lab Sciences, Emergency Care & ICU Lab Sciences, Ophthalmology Lab Sciences.
Introduction to equipments, chemicals, kits and glass wares etc used in various sub disciplines of
Allied Health Sciences.
1. Pathology Lab Sciences  Problems related in the field
 Gen. Introduction  Solutions of problems
 Importance in the field 7. Cardio Pulmonary Lab Sciences
 Infrastructure & related  Gen. Introduction
 Problems related in the field  Importance in the field
 Solutions of problems  Infrastructure & related
2. Surgery / OT Lab Sciences  Problems related in the field
 Gen. Introduction  Solutions of problems
 Importance in the field 8. Emergency Care & ICU Lab Sciences
 Infrastructure & related  Gen. Introduction
 Problems related in the field  Importance in the field
 Solutions of problems  Infrastructure & related
3. Radiology Lab Sciences  Problems related in the field
 Gen. Introduction  Solutions of problems
 Importance in the field 9. Anesthesia Lab Sciences
 Infrastructure & related  Gen. Introduction
 Problems related in the field  Importance in the field
 Solutions of problems  Infrastructure & related
4. MCH Lab Sciences  Problems related in the field
 Gen. Introduction  Solutions of problems
 Importance in the field 10. Dental Lab Sciences
 Infrastructure & related  Gen. Introduction
 Problems related in the field  Importance in the field
 Solutions of problems  Infrastructure & related
5. Public Health Lab Sciences  Problems related in the field
 Gen. Introduction  Solutions of problems
 Importance in the field 11. Ophthalmology Lab Sciences
 Infrastructure & related  Gen. Introduction
 Problems related in the field  Importance in the field
 Solutions of problems  Infrastructure & related
6. Uro-Dialysis Lab Sciences  Problems related in the field
 Gen. Introduction  Solutions of problems
 Importance in the field
 Infrastructure & related
Practical: Use of PPEs, Preparation of solutions, Measurements of volume, Pipetting and
dispensing practice, Handling of laboratory equipments, chemicals, reagents, Preparation of
standards and control solutions, Preparing sample layout for laboratory record keeping,
Sterilization of laboratory items. Collection, transport and storage of different types of specimens
for laboratory investigations.
Recommended Books
1. Medical laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries by Monica Cheesbrough Volume:1
Second Edition.
2. Baker & Silverton’s Introduction to Medical Laboratory Technology Seventh Edition
3. Manual of Laboratory Medicine by AFIP

5. ENGLISH
Comprehension; Answers to questions on a given text
Translation skills; Urdu to English
Paragraph writing; Topics to be chosen at the discretion of the teacher
Paragraph writing; Practice in writing a good, unified and coherent paragraph
Essay writing; Introduction
CV and job application; Translation skills, Urdu to English
Study skills; Skimming and scanning, intensive and extensive, and speed reading, summary and
précis writing and comprehension
Academic skills; Letter/memo writing, minutes of meetings, use of library and internet
How to write a proposal for research paper/term paper
How to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis on style, content, language, form, clarity,
consistency). Technical report writing, Progress Report writing
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS:
1. Practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet. Exercises 1. Third
edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0194313492
2. Practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet. Exercises 2. Third
edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0194313506
3. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and Francoise Grellet.
Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1993. ISBN 0 19 435405 7 Pages 20-
27 and 35-41 45-53.
4. Reading. Upper Intermediate. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford Supplementary
Skills. Third Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 453402 2.
5. Writing. Upper-Intermediate by Rob Nolasco. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth
Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 435406 5 (particularly good for writing memos, introduction
to presentations, descriptive and argumentative writing).
6. Reading. Advanced. Brian Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third
Impression 1991. ISBN 0 19 453403 0.
7. Reading and Study Skills by John Langan
6. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Basic Definitions & Concepts
Hardware: Computer Systems & Components
Storage Devices, Number Systems
Software: Operating Systems, Programming and Application Software
Introduction to Programming, Databases and Information Systems
Networks
Data Communication
The Internet, Browsers and Search Engines
The Internet: Email, Collaborative Computing and Social Networking
The Internet: E-Commerce
IT Security and other issues
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS
1. Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton, 6th International Edition (McGraw HILL)
2. Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computer &
Communications by Williams Sawyer, 6th Edition (McGraw HILL)
3. Computers, Communications & information: A user's introduction by Sarah E.
Hutchinson, Stacey C. Swayer
4. Fundamentals of Information Technology by Alexis Leon, Mathewsleon Leon press