A.
SENTENCE BUILDING
- Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân, kết quả, mục đích, tương phản
+ As schools and parents assume that financial management is not
essential until students make a living, they leave high school without
learning how to handle their money.
+ Although financial management skills are of marked benefit for
students in their later lives, parents and schools are unaware of the
significance of such skills.
- Sử dụng câu bị động
+ Extra courses about managing personal finance in which high school
students are educated about earning, spending, and saving money
SHOULD BE WIDELY OPENED.
+ It is widely/ firmly believed that many high school graduates
encounter a lack of financial management knowledge.
B. PARAPHRASING
- CÁCH 1 : Dùng từ đồng nghĩa
Ví dụ: Some people think that environmental protection is the
responsibility of politicians, not individuals as individuals can do too
little
=> A number of people assume that environmental conservation is
the duty of the authorities, not individual citizens because they can
do too little
- CÁCH 2 : Dùng dạng khác của từ/ từ loại khác
Ví dụ: Some people think that environmental protection is the
responsibility of politicians, not individuals as individuals can do too
little
=> Some people think that environmental protection is responsible
for/ held accountable for politicians, not individuals as individuals
can do too little
- CÁCH 3 : Dùng dạng bị động
Ví dụ: Some people think that environmental protection is the
responsibility of politicians, not individuals as individuals can do too
little
=> It is widely assumed that environmental protection is the
responsibility of politicians, not individuals as individuals can do too
little
Ví dụ: The government should spend money on saving languages that
few people speak
=> Money should be spent on saving languages that are spoken by
few people.
- CÁCH 4 : Dùng chủ ngữ giả “it”
Ví dụ: Some people think that environmental protection is the
responsibility of politicians, not individuals as individuals can do too
little
=> It is thought that/ argued that environmental protection is the
responsibility of politicians, not individuals as individuals can do too
little
Ví dụ: Many animal species are becoming extinct due to human
activities both on land and in the sea
=> It is clear/ obvious/ apparent/ evident/ indisputable/
undeniable/ irrefutable that many animal species are becoming
extinct due to human activities both on land and in the sea
- CÁCH 5 : Paraphrase kết hợp nhiều phương pháp
Ví dụ: Some people think that environmental protection is the
responsibility of politicians, not individuals as individuals can do too
little
=> It is argued that environmental preservation is the responsibility
of governmental officials, not ordinary people as too little can be
done by them
Ví dụ: Many animal species are becoming extinct due to human
activities both on land and in the sea
=> It is irrefutable that a large number of animal species are driven
on the brink of extinction owing to activities performed by humans
both on land and in the sea
PARAGRAPH BUILDING
I. 1 IDEA IN A PARAGRAPH
1. Example 1:
The media should include more stories which report good news. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Firstly, the so-called bad news can be beneficial. This is because it can alarm the
public of existing and looming problems in their communities. Take for example, a
piece of news on a tragic accident in which a family of four lost their lives because
the father was driving under the influence of alcohol. Undoubtedly, if people are
constantly exposed to this kind of news, they are much more likely to avoid drunk
driving or try to dissuade their drunk friends from driving. Therefore, by reporting
tragic deaths caused by dangerous driving, or cases of cold-blooded murderers,
media companies can help the general public avoid countless problems in life.
To add further credence to my assertion, I note that the negative impact on the
media industry if they tried to include more positive stories. In my view, since
most people are predisposed to read shocking news about robbery,
embezzlement, or the downfall of a certain business, this tendency renders good
news unattractive, regardless of how meaningful a piece of news might be.
Consider Song Dep, which was a Vietnamese TV show reporting only inspiring
stories about people who maintain a positive outlook on life even in the face of
adversity. Due to the failure to attract viewers, this show had been closed after
only 2 months since the day it was aired. Thus, the news industry should continue
its practice to ensure its profitability.
How to write:
Topic sentence => explanation => example => discuss => link
2. Practice:
Some people think that the fittest and strongest individuals will win in
sports. Some people believe that success in any sport is much related to
mental strength. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
On the one hand, physical power plays a pivotal role in sports. This is because
most sports require athletes to compete physically to gain victory. For example,
Ronaldo, a world-class football player, always shows his mesmerizing skills and
maintains his high level of stamina in each game. He is often required to run,
dribble past defenders, score, or be ready to assist his teammates when
necessary. Without being physically prepared for such arduous tasks, athletes like
Ronaldo can not achieve their level of success in sports.
On the other hand, it is imprudent to overlook/ undermine the significance of
mental strength in sports/ It is a fallacy to... The key argument/ The key reason is
that players => remain their calmness and alertness
(outline cho đoạn 2 có viết đầy đủ ở phía dưới (cô đã chữa))
=> analyze unexpected situations or work out strategies. Moreover, mental
power
=> enables sportsmen to stick to hard training schedules and succeed in the face
of adversity. For instance, when taking a penalty kick, football players
=> fail easily if they are not in good spirits
=> Thus, mental power = is of great importance.
3. Example 2:
Some people believe that reading stories from a book is better than
watching TV or playing computer games for children. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?
Firstly, reading stories undoubtedly help children enrich their language ability,
which has been proven to help them absorb knowledge better. Of course, one
might argue that when young people watch TV shows or movies, they can also
learn new words, expressions, and grammar structures. However, spoken
language is not as diverse as written language. As for gaming, those playing
video games may be asked to read a text to know what they need to do to win or
what their next mission is. Nevertheless, the text only revolves around the context
of the game, which does not expose young gamers to as many aspects of life as
stories do.
In addition, reading fairy tales or fictional or even real-life stories allows children
to have a better imagination. This is because when reading, they have to conjure
up images of, say, a wonderful world, or a homeless person’s suffering or joyous
moment on their own. This can boost their creativity in ways that watching TV and
playing digital games cannot. To be specific, when watching a certain TV
program, which is the product of someone else’s imagination, children only
observe what is happening on the screen, which does not require them to think at
all. Similarly, in order to win, gamers do need to use different tactics and
strategies, but these tend to be the fruit of their experience rather than creativity.
How to write:
Topic sentence => Compare/Contrast
Practice:
II. 2 IDEAS IN A PARAGRAPH
1. Example 1:
The media should include more stories which report good news. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Admittedly, there are good reasons to say that the press should include more
good news. The key argument here is that reading positive pieces of news allows
people to have a more positive outlook on life. By reading news about successful
entrepreneurs who thrive in the face of adversity, reader of news can learn to
persevere and stay positive during tough times. Furthermore, exposure to positive,
emotional stories helps people connect and empathize with others, fostering
stronger social bonds. People living in such a milieu are more likely to help each
other, which is a clear benefit for everyone.
However, there are stronger reasons to believe that the news industry should
continue to report the most news-worthy stories. Chief of these is that the
domination of bad news can allow the public become cognizant of existing and
looming problems in their communities. For example, by reporting tragic deaths
caused by dangerous driving, or cases of cold blooded murderers, media companies
can help people avoid these problems in their life. In addition, since most people
are predisposed to reading shocking news about robbery, embezzlement, or
downfall of a certain business, this tendency renders good news much less
attractive. Thus, if a news company tried to report more good news, this would
perhaps have negative influence on its profitability.
How to write
Topic sentence (1 sentence): Paraphrase đề bài => Supporting 1 => Discuss
(example/ result/ discussion)
2. Example 2
On the one hand, reading stories from a book is of great benefit. The key
argument is that => enrich language ability.
When reading => learn vocab, grammar structures and expressions.
Furthermore, => better imagination.
On the other hand, it is imprudent to overlook the advantages of watching TV or
playing games.
This is because playing games
=> improve soft skills
=> cooperate with teammates or work out strategies to win
=> sharpen teamwork or critical-thinking skills.
In addition, watching TV also brings educational values. There are many TV
programmes providing knowledge which is not covered in textbooks.
III. COUNTER - ARGUMENT
1. Example 1:
Some people say that we do not need printed newspaper anymore. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Granted, one might argue that traditional newspapers are obsolete. This is
predicated on the assumption that anyone with a mobile phone or laptop with a
mobile phone or laptop with an access to the Internet can easily keep a breast of
what is happening in the world. However, this line of reasoning is not sound
because it fails to factor in unaffordability of technological gadgets involved.
Since a large number of people are still living under the poverty line. It is
unreasonable to expect them to spend several hundreds of dollars on such devices
and pay another amount every month to get access to online news. These people
clearly rely on newspapers to find information about what is going on in their own
communities and across the globe.
How to write: Point -> explain -> counter
2. PRACTICE: 1.
The best way to in solve world’s environmental problems is to increase the
cost of fuel. Do you agree or disagree?
Key: Granted, one might argue that increasing the prices of fuel could help solve
environmental issue. This is predicated on the assumption that such a measure
would force some people, especially money conscious ones, to give up their
private vehicles for public transport. This according to this theory, ultimately
results in less fuel being consumed and lower levels of toxic gases being released
into the air. However, this line of reasoning is not sound because the amount of
greenhouse gases emitted by personal vehicles is negligible, compared to that of
industrial plants or even cow farts. This very fact renders the effect of increasing
the price of petrol on the environment insignificant.
3. Example 2:
Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, and it is
often argued that these are the best people to talk to teenagers about the
dangers of committing a crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
ĐÁNH GIÁ Ý KIẾN TRÁI CHIỀU
- This view seems/looks/sounds convincing/plausible/persuasive at first, but
...
- While this position is popular, it is not supported by the facts/not
logical/impractical.
- Although the core of this claim is valid, it suffers from a flaw in its
reasoning/application.
- However, such thinking is only valid to some/a limited extent, because ...
- However, this thinking is flawed, as....
- What this argument fails to consider is that......
GIỚI THIỆU Ý KIẾN TRÁI CHIỀU CỦA PHÍA BÊN KIA
- Proponents/Supporters/The other side may argue / support their opinion /
reinforce their view that ...
- Those who support / disagree with this view may put forward / bring up ...
Mobile phones should be banned in public places. To what extent do you agree?
Granted, one might argue that => cellphones => prohibited in public places/areas
This is predicated on the assumption that => the use of phones => annoy other
people. The sound of someone talking on the phone/ ringtones or notification =>
distract people from their work or study
However => not sound => problems => can be solved/ dealt with … without
prohibiting the use of cellphone. A straightforward measure is to ask users to
switch off ringtone or turn on vibration mode.
Moreover, => difficult => enforce this law in public places => it requires an
unimaginable amount of man power.
On the other hand, it is a fallacy to underrate the significance of mental strength
in sports. THE KEY ARGUMENT IS THAT Mental resilience is just as crucial as
physical strength in achieving success. Excelling in sports demands concentration,
self-discipline, and the capacity to cope with pressure and analyze unexpected
situations or devise strategies. Even the most physically gifted athletes may falter
if they lack self-belief, calmness, or struggle with anxiety. For instance, in tennis,
maintaining focus throughout long matches is essential, while in football, tactical
awareness can be the key to victory. Renowned athletes like Ronaldo have
attributed their achievements to their strong mindset, unwavering determination,
and ability to persevere through challenges. Thus, mental strength determines how
well an athlete utilizes those abilities under pressure.
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On the one hand, reading stories from a book is of great benefit, as it enhances
both personal and intellectual development. The key argument is that reading
enriches language ability by exposing readers to diverse vocabulary, grammar
structures, and idiomatic expressions. This improves communication and writing
skills. Furthermore, reading stimulates cognitive functions, encouraging deeper
engagement with the text and fostering better imagination. Through books,
individuals can explore different cultures, and historical events which broaden
their perspectives. Additionally, books provide insight and knowledge, helping
readers develop critical thinking and comprehension skills by analyzing complex
narratives and interpreting various viewpoints.
On the other hand, it is imprudent to overlook the advantages of watching TV or
playing games, as these activities complement traditional learning methods. This
is because playing games, especially strategic or multiplayer ones, improves soft
skills like problem-solving, teamwork, and decision-making. Many games require
players to cooperate, devise tactics, and respond to challenges, sharpening
critical-thinking skills. In addition, watching TV brings educational value, as many
TV programs focus on science, history, and technology, providing knowledge
beyond textbooks. Documentaries and news reports help viewers stay informed
and expand their understanding of the world.
