INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ENGLISH

REVISION – 02.2025

VOCABULARY SECTION
1.1. MANAGEMENT

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Consultant (n) A person who provides expert advice to a Nhà tư vấn

company

Crisis (n) A situation of danger or difficulty Khủng hoảng

Innovation (n) A new idea or method Sự đổi mới

Objective (n) Something you plan to do or achieve Mục tiêu

Promotion (n) When someone is raised to a higher position Sự thăng chức

Public sector (n) The section of the economy under government Khu vực công
control

Strategy (n) A plan for achieving success Chiến lược

Subordinate (n) A person with a less important position in an Cấp dưới

organization

Accomplish (v) To succeed in doing or completing something Hoàn thành, Đạt

được (mục đích)

Allocate The process of dividing money, skills, etc., Phân bổ nguồn lực
Resources / between departments of an organization
Resource
Allocation (n)

Characteristic A typical or noticeable quality of someone or Nét đặc trưng/ đặc

(n) something điểm

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Communication The activity or process of expressing ideas and Sự giao tiếp
(n) feelings or giving people information

Expectation (n) A belief that something will happen because it Sự kỳ vọng / sự

is likely mong đợi

Measure (v) To judge the quality, effect, importance, or Đánh giá, đo lường
value of something

Motivation (n) The process by which a person's efforts are Sự thúc đẩy / Sự
energized, directed, and sustained toward tạo Động lực
attaining a goal.
Performance (n) How well someone does their job or duties Thành tích / thành
tựu / năng lực
Profit (n) Money that is earned in trade or business, Lợi nhuận
especially after paying costs
Shareholders A person who owns shares in a company and Cổ đông
(n) gets part of the profits and voting rights
Stakeholders (n) A person such as an employee, customer, or Các bên liên quan
citizen who has responsibilities toward an
organization
Supervisor (n) A person whose job is to supervise someone or Cấp trên / người
something giám sát
Suppliers (n) A person, company, or country that provides Nhà cung cấp
goods of a particular kind
Organize (v) To make arrangements or a necessary plan for Tổ chức / sắp xếp
something to happen
Business plan (n) A detailed plan describing the future plans of a
Kế hoạch kinh
business.
doanh

Business Goals An aim or purpose that a business wants to Mục tiêu kinh
(n) achieve doanh

Investor (n) A person who puts money into something in Nhà đầu tư
order to make a profit or get an advantage

Integrate (v) To mix with and join society or a group of Hòa nhập / hội
people, often changing to suit their way of life, nhập / hợp nhất
habits, and custom

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1.2. WORK AND MOTIVATION

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Authoritarian
Enforcing strict obedience to authority Độc đoán
(adj)

Advantages that come with a job, apart from

Benefits (n) Phúc lợi
pay

Bonus (n) Extra payment given as a reward Tiền thưởng

Convince (v) Persuade someone to do something Thuyết phục

Corporate A company’s shared attitudes, beliefs, Văn hóa doanh

culture (n) practices, and work relationships nghiệp

Hierarchy of Maslow's theory of human needs in ascending

Tháp nhu cầu
needs (n) order

Incentives (n) Things that encourage people to do something Động lực

Influence (n) The capacity to have an effect on others Ảnh hưởng

Luân chuyển công

Job rotation (n) Regularly switching between different tasks
việc

Knowing that there is little risk of losing one’s

Job security (n) Bảo đảm việc làm
employment

Labour relations Interactions between employers and employees,

Quan hệ lao động
(n) or managers and workers

Capable of developing into something in the

Potential (n) Tiềm năng
future

To give something in recognition of service,

Reward (v) Thưởng
effort, or achievement

Self- (nhu cầu) Tự thể

Realization of one's full potential
actualization (n) hiện

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 Self-discipline
The ability to control one's own behavior Tự kỷ luật
(n)

Self-motivated Motivated to do something without external

Tự tạo động lực
(adj) influence

Threaten (v) Express intention to harm Đe dọa

Money paid (per hour, day, or week) to manual

Wages (n) Tiền công
workers

Promotion (n) To be raised to a higher rank or better job Thăng chức

Unskilled Without any particular abilities acquired by Lao động phổ

workers training thông

1.3. COMPANY STRUCTURE & MANAGING ACROSS CULTURE

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)
Independent, able to take decisions without
Autonomous Tự chủ, tự quyết
consulting someone at the same level or higher
(adj) định
in the chain of command.
Hierarchy or A system of authority with different levels, one
Hệ thống cấp bậc /
chain of above the other, where managers can make
Chuỗi mệnh lệnh
command (n) decisions or give orders and instructions.

A specific activity in a company, e.g.,

Function (n) Chức năng
production, marketing, finance.

Line authority The power to give instructions to people at the Quyền hạn trực
(n) level below in the chain of command. tuyến
To be responsible to someone and to take Báo cáo với, chịu
Report to
instructions from them. trách nhiệm trước
To give someone else responsibility for doing
Delegate Ủy quyền, giao phó
something instead of you.
Behavior (n) The way in which someone conducts oneself Hành vi

Colleagues (n) People you work with Đồng nghiệp

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 An invented word combining worldwide and
Globalization (n) Toàn cầu hóa
regional concerns.
Thought based on reason and judgment rather Lý luận, tư duy
Logic (n)
than feelings and emotions. logic
Confrontation Sự đối đầu, tranh
A face-to-face disagreement or argument.
(n) luận

Compromise Reducing demands or changing opinions in

Thỏa hiệp
(n/v) order to agree.

Understanding or knowing without consciously

Intuition (n) Trực giác
using reason.

People of influence or importance with whom

Connection (n) Kết nối
you are associated.
To do something when necessary without
Improvise Ứng biến
having already planned it.
Respect, prestige, or importance given to
Status Địa vị
someone.
Believing that the group is more important than
Collectivist (a) Tính Tập thể
the individual.
Describing a system or belief that prioritizes
Individualist (a) Tính Cá nhân
individual freedom and independence.
Lose face To be humiliated or disrespected in public. Mất mặt
Conflict (n) Serious disagreement or argument Xung đột

Làm gián đoạn /

Interrupt (v) To cut into someone else’s turn to speak.
ngắt lời
Looking directly at the people you are talking
Eye contact Giao tiếp bằng mắt
or listening to.
Cross cultures
Interaction between different cultures Đa văn hóa
(n)

Diversity (n) The state of being varied Sự Đa dạng

Incompatible
Unable to exist together harmoniously Không tương thích
(adj)

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 Detailed information about how to do
Instruction (n) Sự hướng dẫn
something

Localization (n) Adaptation to local conditions Địa phương hóa

Outsource (v) Obtain goods/services from outside supplier Thuê ngoài

Priority (n) Thing regarded as more important Ưu tiên

1.4 RECRUITMENT

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Applicants (n) Person who applies for a job Ứng viên

Candidate (n) Person applying for job or position Ứng viên

Complimentary
Expressing praise or admiration Khen ngợi
(adj)

Chứng minh, thể

Demonstrate (v) Clearly show the existence of something
hiện, minh họa

Make unfair distinction between different

Discriminate (v) Phân biệt đối xử
categories

Emphasize (v) Give special importance to something Nhấn mạnh

Job Description Bản mô tả công

Formal account of employee responsibilities
(n) việc

Job Interview Phỏng vấn việc

Meeting to assess a job applicant
(n) làm

Qualification (n) Official completion of training/education Bằng cấp

Recruitment (n) Process of hiring new employees Tuyển dụng

Resign (v) Voluntarily leave a job Từ chức

Selection (n) Process of choosing suitable candidates Sự lựa chọn

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2.1 PRODUCTION

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Inventory (n) A company's reserves of raw materials, parts, Hàng tồn kho
work in process, and finished products.

Component (n) Any of the pieces or parts that make up a Linh kiện, thành
product or machine. phần

Capacity (n) The (maximum) rate of output that can be Công suất, năng lực
achieved from a production process. sản xuất

Plant (n) A collective word for all the buildings, Nhà máy, cơ sở sản
machines, equipment, and other facilities used xuất
in the production process.

Location (n) The geographical situation of a factory or Vị trí địa lý

other facility.

Supply chain (n) A network of organizations involved in Chuỗi cung ứng

producing and delivering goods or a service.

Outsource (v) Buying products or processed materials from Thuê ngoài, gia
other companies rather than manufacturing công
them.

Economies of The cost savings arising from large-scale Lợi thế kinh tế theo
scale production. quy mô

Lead time The time needed to perform an activity, such Thời gian thực hiện
as manufacturing a product or delivering it to (một hành động/
a customer. quy trình)

Embedded (adj) Firmly fixed in something or part of Gắn chặt vào cái gì
something. đó

Standards of The quality of people’s lives. Mức sống, tiêu

living (n) chuẩn sống

Founder (n) Someone who establishes a company. Người sáng lập

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Risk premium (In this context) the potential cost of taking a Phần bù rủi ro
(n) chance.

Equity (n) (In this context) the value of a business Vốn chủ sở hữu
activity.

Disruptive (adj) Causing trouble and stopping something from Gây gián đoạn
continuing as usual.

Exponentially Increasing or decreasing more and more Theo cấp số nhân

(adv) quickly as time passes.

Procurement (n) The obtaining of supplies. Mua sắm, thu mua

Prosperity (n) The state of being successful and having a lot Sự thịnh vượng
of money.

Stability (n) The situation when something is not likely to Sự ổn định

change.

2.2 LOGISTICS

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Accurate (adj) Correct, exact, and without any mistakes. Chính xác

Agile (adj) Able to move quickly and easily. Nhanh nhẹn, linh
hoạt

Estimate (n) A guess of what the size or amount of Ước tính, ước lượng
something might be.

Forecast (n) A statement of what is expected to happen in Dự báo

the future.

Lean (adj) (Of production) using small quantities and Tinh gọn
avoiding any waste.

Logistics (n) Designing and managing the flow of goods, Hậu cần, quản lý
information, and other resources. chuỗi cung ứng

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Manual (adj) Done with the hands. Làm bằng tay

Replenish (v) To fill something up again. Bổ sung, làm đầy lại

2.3 QUALITY

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Bountiful (adj) Providing a large amount of good things. Dồi dào, phong phú

Headaches (n) Things that cause difficulties. Sự đau đầu, phiền

toái

Regulation (n) Official rules or the act of controlling Quy định

something.

Reworking (n) Changing or improving a product or service. Cải tiến, làm lại

Scrapping (n) Getting rid of things which are no longer Loại bỏ, phế liệu
useful or wanted.

Service (n) To examine a machine or repair any faulty Bảo dưỡng, dịch vụ
parts. sửa chữa

Warranties (n) Guarantees: written promises to repair or Bảo hành

replace products that develop a fault.

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3.1. PRODUCT

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Outlets (n) Places of business for selling goods to Cửa hàng, đại lý
customers (shops, stores, kiosks, etc.). bán lẻ

Product mix (n) All the different products, brands, and items Danh mục sản
that a company sells. phẩm

Retailers (n) Businesses that sell goods or merchandise to Nhà bán lẻ

individual consumers.

Logo (n) A graphic image or symbol specially created to Biểu tượng, logo
identify a company or a product.

Packaging (n) Wrappers and containers used to enclose and Bao bì, đóng gói
protect a product.

Brand The extent to which consumers are aware of a Nhận diện thương
recognition (n) brand and know its name. hiệu

Shelves (n) Surfaces in a store on which goods are Kệ trưng bày hàng
displayed.

Market share (n) The sales of a company expressed as a Thị phần

percentage of total sales in a given market.

Brand-switchers Consumers who buy various competing

(n) products rather than being loyal to a particular
brand.

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3.2. MARKETING

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Distribution All the companies or individuals ('middlemen') Kênh phân phối

channel (n) involved in moving goods or services from
producers to consumers.

Wholesaler (n) An intermediary that stocks manufacturers' Nhà bán buôn

goods or merchandise and sells it to retailers
and professional buyers.

Market Dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers Phân khúc thị
segmentation (n) who have different requirements or buying trường
habits.

Product Making a product (appear to be) different from Khác biệt hóa sản
differentiation similar products offered by other sellers through phẩm
(n) product differences, advertising, packaging, etc.

Market Possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in Cơ hội thị trường

opportunities (n) sectors where a company can profitably
produce goods or services.

Market Setting a high price for a new product to make Định giá hớt váng
skimming (n) maximum revenue before competing products
appear on the market.

Sales Someone who contacts existing and potential Đại diện bán hàng
representative customers and tries to persuade them to buy
(n) goods or services.

Product features The attributes or characteristics of a product, Đặc điểm sản

(n) such as size, shape, quality, price, reliability, phẩm
etc.

Price elasticity The extent to which supply or demand (the Độ co giãn của giá
(n) quantity produced or bought) of a product
responds to changes in price.

Market The strategy of setting a low price to try to sell Thâm nhập thị
penetration (n) a large volume and increase market share. trường

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3.3. ADVERTISING

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Advertising Companies that design advertising for clients.

Công ty quảng cáo
agencies (n)

Advertising The advertising of a particular product or Chiến dịch quảng

campaign (n) service during a particular period of time. cáo

Brief (n) The statement of objectives that a client works

Bản tóm tắt
out with an advertising agency.

Target A defined set of customers whose needs a Khách hàng mục

customers (n) company plans to satisfy. tiêu

Advertising The amount of money a company plans to

Ngân sách quảng
budget (n) spend in developing its advertising and buying
cáo
media time or space.

Media plan (n) The choice of where to advertise in order to Kế hoạch truyền
reach the right people. thông

Comparative- Choosing to spend the same amount on

Phương pháp so
parity method advertising as one's competitors.
sánh tương đương
(n)

(Free) sample (n) A small amount of a product given to customers

Mẫu thử miễn phí
to encourage them to try it.

Word-of-mouth Free advertising, when satisfied customers Quảng cáo truyền

advertising (n) recommend products to their friends. miệng

Viral marketing Trying to get consumers to forward an online

Marketing viral
(n) marketing message to other people.

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4.1 BANKING

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Deposits (n) Money placed in a bank. Tiền gửi

Loan (n) A sum of money borrowed from a bank. Khoản vay

Capital (n) The money invested in a business. Vốn

Stocks or Shares Certificates representing part-ownership of a Cổ phiếu – Cổ

(n) company. phần

Bonds (n) Certificates of debt issued by governments or Trái phiếu

companies to raise money.

Takeover bid (n) When one company offers to buy or acquire Đấu thầu tiếp quản
another one. / thâu tóm

Stockbroking (n) Buying and selling stocks or shares for clients. Môi giới chứng
khoán

Portfolio (n) All the investments owned by an individual or Danh mục đầu tư
organization.

Return (n) The profits made on investments. Lợi nhuận

Bankrupt (adj) Unable to pay debts or continue to do business. Phá sản

Deregulation (n) The ending or relaxing of legal restrictions. Bãi bỏ quy định

Conglomerate A group of companies, operating in different Tập đoàn đa ngành

(n) fields, which have joined together.

Interest (n) The price paid for borrowing money, paid to the Lãi suất
lenders.

Credit rating (n) Estimates of people’s ability to fulfill their Xếp hạng tín dụng
financial commitments.

Default (n) Failure to repay a loan. Vỡ nợ

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Collateralized With property or another asset used as a Có tài sản thế chấp
(adj) guarantee of payment.

Cash flow (n) The money generated by an investment. Dòng tiền

Write off (v) Cancel a bad debt or a worthless asset from an Xoá nợ
account.

Merger (n) Combination of two companies into one Sát nhập

Commercial Banks offering services to individuals and Ngân hàng thương

banks (n) businesses mại

Investment funds that employ various strategies

Hedge funds (n) Quỹ đầu cơ
to earn active returns

Investment Banks that assist in raising capital by

Ngân hàng đầu tư
banks (n) underwriting and issuing securities

Islamic banks Banks that operate in accordance with Islamic Ngân hàng Hồi
(n) law giáo

Non-bank
financial Institutions providing financial services without Tổ chức tài chính
intermediaries being a bank phi ngân hàng
(n)

Private banks Banks that offer personalized financial and

Ngân hàng tư nhân
(n) banking services

Individuals or firms that buy and sell stocks on Nhà môi giới
Stockbrokers (n)
behalf of clients chứng khoán

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4.2 BONDS

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Cash flows (n) The money a company receives minus the Dòng tiền
money it spends during a certain period.

Equity (n) Part ownership of a company in the form of Vốn chủ sở hữu
stocks or shares.

Mutual funds (n) Funds operated by investment companies that Quỹ đầu tư chung
invest people’s money in various assets.

Pension funds (n) Funds that invest money that will be paid to Quỹ hưu trí
people after they retire from work.

Principal (n) The amount of capital making up a bond or Tiền gốc

other loan.

Maturity (n) The length of time for which a bond is issued Thời gian đáo hạn
(until it is repaid).

Coupon (n) The amount of interest that a bond pays. Phiếu lãi suất

Insolvent / Unable to pay debts. Vỡ nợ / Phá sản

Bankrupt (adj)

Creditor (n) People or institutions to whom money is Chủ nợ

owed.

Dividends (n) Payment by companies to their shareholders. Cổ tức

Market players (n) Businesses that buy and sell securities. Người tham gia thị
trường

Bid (price) (n) The price at which a buyer is prepared to buy Giá mua
a security at a particular time.

Offer (price) (n) The price at which a seller is prepared to sell Giá bán
a security at a particular time.

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Yield (n) The rate of income an investor receives from Lợi suất
a security.

Soared (to soar) (v) Rose quickly. Tăng vọt

To kickstart (v) To revise or stimulate something. Khởi động lại

Benchmark (n) A standard used when comparing other Chuẩn mực Tham
things. chiếu

Slump, Recession, A period when the economy is contracting Suy thoái, khủng
Depression (n) (three different words). hoảng

Rally (n) An improvement or increase in prices. Hồi phục

Defaulting (to Failing to repay a loan. Không trả được nợ

default) (v)

To go bust (v) Another word for going bankrupt. Phá sản

4.3 ACCOUNTING & FINANCIAL STATEMENT

Translation
Word Definition (English)
(Vietnamese)

Income (n) All the money received from business Thu nhập
activities during a given period.

Expenditure (n) All the money that a business spends on Chi tiêu
goods or services during a given period.

Budget (n) A financial operating plan showing expected Ngân sách

income and expenditure.

Asset (n) Anything owned by a business – cash, Tài sản

buildings, machines, equipment, etc.

Liabilities (n) All the money that a company will have to Nợ phải trả
pay to someone else in the future, including
debts, taxes, and interest payments.

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