LESSON 1- LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION
Spanish Colonization - 1565 1898 - Spanish became the official Language
American Colonization - 1565-1946 - English Primary Language
Japanese colonization- 1941-1945- Nihongo
1935 Constitution- Tagalog
1946-Pilipino
1973- Filipino
1987- Reaffirmed Filipino
Language-
- Primary Means by which humans convey meaning
- Structured system of communication
- System of communication that uses symbols and sounds
3Components of Language
Grammar- Set of rules
1. morphology- Study of how words are form
2. Syntax- Study of how words are arranged
3. Semantics - Study of meaning in Language
Phonology- Branch of linguistics
1. Phonemes - Smallest unit of sound
2. Intonation - Variation in pitch
3.Stress Pattern - Making certain syllables
Lexicon- Collection Of words
1. Individual Words - Multiple meaning
2. Specialized terms- Different professions
3. Borrowed words- Language that has taken form another
Indigenous Language of the PH
-175 Language
-130 Active
1.Tagalog - Mainly in metro Manila
2. Bisaya- Visayas and Mindanao
3. Ilocano -Northern Luzon ( Ilocos Region)
4.Hiligaynon- Western Visayas (Ilo Ilo)
5. Bikolano- Bikol
6. Waray-Waray - western Visayas
7. kapampangan- Pampanga
8. Pangasinense- Pangasinan
Communication
- Process o sending and receiving message
- Two way process
Types Of communication
According To Mode
1.Verbal Communication – Uses word or either spoken or written
A. Oral Communication- Spoken words face to face
Examples of oral communication- Conversations, Public speaking, phone
calls, radio calls, television broadcast
B. Written Communication- Written symbols, Letters and digital text
Examples of written communication- Email, Text message, books and
newspaper, reports and letters, social media post
2.Non verbal communication – does not use word, Rely on gestures,
signs, facial expression and body language
Example of nonverbal communication
1.Facial Expression
2. Gestures
3. Body language posture and movement
4. Oculesics
5. Haptics
6. Proxemic
7. Paralanguage
8. Appearance of clothing
9. Chronemics
3.Visual communication – uses visual to convey information or message
Examples of visual communication-
1. Images and Photography
2. Symbols and icons
3. Colors and color psychology
4. Typography
5. Grafts and charts
6. Signs and road signal
7. Drawings and illustration
8. Videos and animations
9. maps and diagrams
10. infographics
11. comic strip and cartoons
12. workplace presentation
According to context
1. Intrapersonal Communication – With in or inside
2. Interpersonal Communication – Between two or more people
3. Extended Communication- electronic media
4. Organizational Communication- People working within organization
Two types of organizational
1. Formal
2. Informal
Downward communication- Upper to lower position
Upward communication- Bottom up subordinates
Horizontal Communication- Lateral in approach
Crosswise Communication- Diagonal in structure
5. Intercultural Communication- Different cultural backgrounds
According to purpose and style
Formal Communication- Formal language delivered orally or in written
Informal communication- Personal and ordinary conversations
LESSON 2 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1.Sender - Communicator or source
2. Message - Information that the sender wants to relay to the receiver
3. Encoding- Process of conveting thoughts
4. Channel- Means used to exchange or transmit message
5. Reciever - Person or audience for whom the message
6. Decoding -Interprets and make sense of the message
7.Feedback- Response
8. Interference- Barriers prevent effective communication
-Barriers in Communication
1.Psychological Barriers
2.Physical Barriers
3.Culture and linguistics Barriers
4.Mechanical Barriers
9. Context- Situation of time and place in which communication Occurs
Types of communication context
Physical Context - Actual Location, Setting
Social Context - Relationship between participants and social rule
Cultural Context - Beliefs, Values, Custom
Historical Context - Background, Past experiences
Models Of Communication
Model- Widely used to depict any idea, thoughts, or concept
1. Aristotle
2. Shannon weaver
3. Laswell's
4. Berlo's SMCR
5. Osgood's SCHRAMM
6. Eugene's White
LESSON 3
Principles of communucation
1. Principle of clarity - Message should be clear, simple and easily
understandable
2. Principle of attention - Message should be fully engaged and pay
attention to the message
3. Principle of feedback - communication should include a response from
the receiver
4. Principle of informality - Informal communication builds stronger
relationships and faster decision making.
5. Principle of consistency- Should align to the previous communication
6. Principle of Timeliness- Should be delivered at the right time
7. Principle of adequacy- Should provide enough information to meet the
needs of the receiver
LESSON 4
Communication Ethics
Ethics - system of Moral principles
Examples of ethics in different areas
1. Personal Ethics - morals that guide individual behavior
2. Professional Ethics -Ethical standards in workplaces
3. Business ethics- Ethical conduct in business practices
4. Environmental Ethics -Ethics related to nature and sustainability
5. Social Ethics - Ethics in society and human interactions
Communication Ethics- Refers to the principles and guidelines that govern
how people exchange information
KEY PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATORS
1. Honesty - Moral character attributed to truthfulness
2. Integrity - Refers to the wholeness of character
3. Open mindedness - States of decisiveness and willingness to listen and
consider new ideas
4. Commitment - State or quality of being dedicated to a purpose / Cause /
Activity
5. Active Listening - Is a communication technique that requires the
listener to have conscious effort of concentrating
6. Respect - Means giving due regard for the feelings, opinions, Rights, or
culture of others
7. Accountability - Means being responsible for what you do, say and
write
8. Confidentiality - refers to the ethical and professional responsibility of
keeping shared information
9. Transparency - Refers to the practice of openly and honesty sharing
information in a clear, truthful and accessible manner
7 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION 7C's
1.Completeness - Message must be complete and geared to the receivers
perception of the world
2. Concreteness - Reduces misunderstanding
3. Courtesy - Considering the feelings and POV of the target group
4. Correctness - Glaring mistakes in grammar obscures the meaning of the
sentence
5. Clarity - Clear or plain Language
6. Consideration - The sender of the message must consider the recipients
profession
7. Conciseness - Simplicity and directness. Avoid using lengthy expressions
LESSON 5- Typology of an Unethical Communication
1. Destructive Communication-It is a type of unethical communication
that is aggressive, harassing, and degrading
2. Coercive Communication- It is a type of unethical communication
that uses intimidation, threats, or force to make someone do
something.
3. Manipulative – Exploitative- It is a style of communication where
someone intentionally uses tactics to exploit a person's fears,
4. Deceptive Communication- It is the act of intentionally sharing false
or inaccurate information to mislead someone for personal gain
5.Secretive Communication-It is a type of unethical communication
that involves withholding or omitting information
6. Intrusive Communication-It is a type of unethical communication
that violates someone's privacy by sharing or seeking out private
information without their consent
