A

PROJECT REPORT ON

AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY
G.SATHWIKA 22261-EE-021

Under the esteemed guidance of

A.BHAGAWANB.TECH
LECTURER IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

JYOTHISHMATHI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, NUSTLAPUR,

KARIMNAGAR

JYOTHISHMATHI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, NUSTLAPUR, KARIMNAGAR

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify the project entitled “Automatic Fire Extinguisher” is a bonafied
report of the project carried out by G.SATHWIKA 22261-EE-021 Submitted in the partial
fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (2022-2025)

PROJECT GUIDE EXTERNAL EXAMINER

A.BHAGAWAN B.Tech

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PRINCIPAL

M. SRIDHAR M.Tech SAJAN

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success accomplishment in this project would not have been possible, by timely help
and guidance rendered by many people. We/I wish to express our/my sincere and heartfelt
gratitude to all those who have helped and guided us/me for the completion of the project.

We earnestly thank, Sri. SAJAN PRINCIPAL OF JYOTHISHMATHI GROUP OF

INSTITUTIONS, KARIMNAGAR. Giving timely cooperation and taking necessary action
throughout of our/my project.

We/I express our/my sincere thank and gratitude to Sri. M.SRIDHAR M.Tech. HOD OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, JYOTHISHMATHI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE POLYTECHNIC, KARIMNAGAR for his valuable help and
encouragement throughout the project. We/I express our/my sincere thanks to Sri.
A.BHAGAWANB.Tech, lecturer in EEE section for his valuable guidance through providing
discussions, suggestions and sharing his valuable expertise throughout the project work. We/I
would also thank to all the staff of the department of ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING, who has helped us/me directly (or) indirectly for the successful completion of
the project

PROJECT ASSOCIATES

G.SATHWIKA 22261-EE-021

S.SHARANYA 22261-EE-037

B.HEMANTH 22261-EE-033

P.VINAY 22261-EE-011

J.HARI CHARAN 22261-EE-49

AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER
 ABSTRACT

Automatic fire extinguisher work as the same way as standard

extinguisher do, except the squeeze grip handles are replaced by a heat-
sensitive glass bulb which acts as the trigger fire extinguishers apply on
agent that will cool burning heat another fuel or remove oxygen so the
fire cannot continue to burn a portable fire extinguisher can quickly
control a small fire is applied by an individual properly trained. Fire
extinguishers are located throughout every building on campus.The bulb
contain temperature, typically 68 degree celcius. The bulb bursts and the
extinguishing agent is released.
 CONTENTS
AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER`

UNITS PAGE NO.

01. INTRODUCTION 01-02

02. PARTS 03--07

03.PROCESS 08

04.CONSTRUCTION 09-10

05.WORKING 11-13

06. PROJECT LAYOUT 14

07. ADVANTAGES 15-16

08. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 17

09. APPLICATIONS 18-19

10. CONCLUSION 20

11.REFERENCE 2`
01. INTRODUCTION
AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER

In a non-Arduino system, the detection and activation processes are managed

entirely through analog and mechanical components.Temperature-sensitive
elements like thermal fuses or bimetallic strips replace digital sensors, directly
linking the rise in temperature to the activation of the extinguishing mechanism.
When the ambient temperature reaches a predefined threshold, these components
either melt or deform, triggering a spring-loaded.
The mechanism that releases the extinguishing agent. This setup eliminates the
need for micro controllers or electronic circuits, ensuring reliability even in
environments where power sources may be unavailable or unstable.
For example, in a bimetallic strip-based system, the strip consists of two metals
with different coefficients of thermal expansion. As temperature rises, the metal
with a higher expansion rate bends, eventually completing a mechanical circuit or
triggering a lever that activates the extinguishing system. Similarly, in a thermal
fuse-based system, a fusible link made of a low-melting-point alloy holds the
suppression mechanism in place. When exposed to excessive heat, the link melts,
allowing a spring-loaded or pressurized system to discharge fire-retardant
chemicals, foam, or gas.
These purely mechanical designs are advantageous in harsh industrial settings,
remote locations, or safety-critical environments where electronic failures could
compromise fire suppression. Additionally, their maintenance is minimal, requiring
only periodic inspection and replacement of consumable elements like thermal
fuses or springs.

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What is Automatic Fire Extinguisher…?

An automatic fire extinguisher is a fire suppression system that activates on its own when it
detects a fire, without human intervention. These systems are commonly used in environments
where fires can start unexpectedly, such as server rooms, engine compartments, industrial
kitchens, and warehouses.

How It Works:

Instead of requiring manual operation, automatic fire extinguishers use heat-sensitive

mechanisms to detect fire and release extinguishing agents like dry powder, CO₂, foam, or gas.

Types of Activation Mechanisms:

Heat-Sensitive Bulbs (Sprinkler Type):

A glass bulb filled with liquid expands when heated beyond a certain temperature (e.g., 68°C or 155°F),
causing it to break and release the fire suppressant.

Bimetallic Strips or Thermal Fuses (Mechanical Activation):

These components deform or melt when exposed to high temperatures, triggering a spring-
loaded valve to release the extinguishing agent.

Fire Detection Sensors (Electronic Activation):

Advanced systems use smoke detectors, flame sensors, or infrared sensors to detect a fire
and electronically trigger the suppression system.

Types of Automatic Fire Extinguishers:

Ceiling-Mounted or Wall-Mounted Units:

Used in storage areas, electrical rooms, and commercial kitchens.

Aerosol-Based Fire Suppressors:

Deploy fine mist or powder to suppress fires in enclosed spaces.

Gas-Based Systems (FM-200, CO₂, or Novec 1230):

Used for protecting sensitive equipment like servers and electrical panels without leaving
residue.

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02. PARTS

 IR Receiver LED

IR Receiver LED as the name suggests is used to detect Infrared Rays. It is

always connected in negative polarity i.e., Anode and Cathode are inversely
connected to ground and supply voltage respectively. When light falls on the IR
Receiver LED it allows current to flow through it.

 Red LED

A "red LED" refers to a light-emitting diode (LED) that emits red light, typically
used in applications like signal lights, plant growth stimulation, and red light
therapy, where the specific wavelength of red light is utilized to trigger certain
biological processes within cells; essentially, it's a small electronic component
that produces visible red light when electricity is passed through it.

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 3V Water Pump with PVC Pipe

A "3V Water Pump with PVC Pipe" refers to a small, low-power water pump that
operates on a 3-volt DC power supply and is typically connected to a PVC
(polyvinyl chloride) pipe for water delivery; these pumps are often used in small-
scale applications like aquariums, fountains, or DIY projects due to their
compact size and low voltage requirement.

 1K Resistor

A 1k resistor is an electronic component with a resistance of 1,000 ohms. It's a

fundamental part of electrical circuits that controls the flow of current.

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 10K Resistor

A 10k resistor is a passive electronic component that limits the flow of electric
current in a circuit. It has a resistance of 10,000 ohms (10 kilohms)

 220-Ohm Resistor

A "220-Ohm resistor" is a passive electronic component that provides a

resistance of 220 ohms, meaning it restricts the flow of electrical current in a
circuit by a specific amount; it's a common value used in many electronic
projects, particularly when limiting current to LEDs due to its ability to control
the current without causing damage to the LED.

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 3.7V Battery

3.7 volt batteries may provide moderate power output. They are commonly used
in small electronic devices like Bluetooth headsets, fitness bands, and
smartwatches. With decent capacity in a compact size, they are often used for
portability and may be appropriate for powering portable gadgets.
 Switch

A switch is a device that can connect or disconnect an electrical appliance or

network. There are different types of switches, including network switches,
modular switches, and KVM switches

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 Plastic Container

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3.PROCESS
Pr ocess Explanation for Automatic Fir e Extinguisher System

System Activation:

 The system is powered by a 3.7V batter y, and a switch is used to turn it ON.
 All components, including the IR Receiver LED, tr ansistor cir cuit, LED indicator , and
water pump, are now in standby mode.

Fir e Detection:

 The IR Receiver LED continuously scans for infrared (IR) radiation.

 Fire emits infr ar ed r adiation, which is detected by the IR Receiver.

Signal Pr ocessing & Aler t Activation:

 When fire is detected, the IR Receiver sends a signal to the transistor circuit.
 The transistor switches ON, allowing current to flow.
 The Red LED tur ns ON, signaling that fire has been detected.

Water Pump Activation:

 The transistor also activates the water pump, which is connected via a r elay or dir ectly
thr ough the tr ansistor cir cuit.
 The pump starts drawing water from the plastic container and spraying it through the PVC
pipe onto the fire.

Fir e Extinguishing Pr ocess:

 Water continues spraying until the fir e is extinguished.

 Once the fire is put out, the IR Receiver no longer detects infr ar ed r adiation.

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System Reset:

As soon as no IR radiation is detected, the transistor turns OFF, stopping both the Red LED and
water pump.

 The system returns to standby mode, ready to detect and respond to future fires.

04.CONSTRUCTION
Construction of Automatic Fire Extinguisher System

The construction of the Automatic Fire Extinguisher System involves assembling

the electronic components and mechanical parts in a structured manner to ensure
proper fire detection and suppression.

1. Base Structure & Housing:

 Use a plastic container to hold water for the extinguisher.

 Secure the 3V water pump inside the container with a PVC pipe to direct
water flow toward the fire.
 Place the IR Receiver LED on a stand or fixed position to detect fire
efficiently.

2. Electrical Circuit Assembly:

IR Receiver LED Connection:

o Connect the IR Receiver LED in the circuit to detect infrared radiation

from fire.
o A 1K resistor is used to limit current to the IR sensor.

Transistor & Relay Setup:

o A BC547 NPN transistor is used to control the water pump.

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 o The transistor's base is connected to the IR sensor output via a 10K
resistor.
o A 220-ohm resistor is connected to a Red LED, which turns ON when
fire is detected.
o The collector of the transistor is connected to the water pump and the
3.7V battery.

3. Water Pump Mechanism:

 The 3V water pump is placed inside the water container.

 A PVC pipe is connected to the pump's outlet to spray water when activated.
 The transistor circuit controls the pump, turning it ON when fire is detected.

4. Power Supply & Switching:

 A 3.7V rechargeable battery is used to power the circuit.

 A manual switch is added to turn the system ON/OFF as needed.

5. Working & Testing:

 Once assembled, test the system by bringing a flame source near the IR
sensor.
 The Red LED should light up, indicating fire detection.
 The water pump should activate, spraying water through the PVC pipe.
 After the fire is extinguished, the system should reset automatically.

This construction ensures an automatic, efficient, and reliable fire extinguisher

system that provides quick response and enhances fire safety. ��

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05.WORKING
Detailed Working of Automatic Fire Extinguisher System

The Automatic Fire Extinguisher System operates by continuously monitoring for

fire using an IR Receiver LED and activating a water pump when a fire is detected.
The entire process is broken down into multiple steps to explain its working in
detail.

1. System Initialization

 When the system is powered ON using the 3.7V battery, all components
enter standby mode.
 The IR Receiver LED starts scanning the surroundings for infrared radiation
(IR).
 The water pump remains OFF, waiting for a fire detection signal.

2. Fire Detection Using IR Receiver

 Fire emits a large amount of infrared radiation.

 The IR Receiver LED continuously detects IR waves in its range.
 If no fire is present, the output signal from the IR sensor remains LOW, and
the system stays in standby mode.
 As soon as fire appears, the IR sensor detects an increase in IR radiation and
sends a HIGH output signal.
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3. Signal Processing & LED Indication

 The HIGH signal from the IR sensor is fed into a transistor switch circuit.
 The transistor acts as an electronic switch, allowing current to flow through
the circuit.
 A Red LED turns ON, indicating that fire has been detected.

4. Activation of Water Pump

 The transistor also activates the water pump, allowing it to start spraying
water.
 The 3V water pump, connected to the battery, begins drawing water from
the plastic container.
 Water is sprayed through the PVC pipe toward the detected fire.
 The pump continues running as long as the IR sensor detects fire presence.

5. Fire Extinguishing Process

 As water is sprayed on the fire, the flames start to weaken and eventually go
out.
 As the fire is extinguished, the amount of infrared radiation decreases.
 Once the IR Receiver LED no longer detects IR waves, it sends a LOW
signal to the circuit.

6. Automatic System Reset

 The transistor turns OFF, stopping current flow.

 The Red LED turns OFF, indicating that the fire has been eliminated.
 The water pump stops operating, conserving battery power.

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  The system returns to standby mode, ready to detect and extinguish another
fire.

7. Continuous Monitoring & Future Use

 The system remains in an always-active state, continuously monitoring for

fire.
 If fire appears again, the cycle repeats, ensuring automatic fire suppression.
 The system operates autonomously, eliminating the need for human
intervention.

Key Features of Working Mechanism

✅ Fast Response Time – Detects fire instantly using IR radiation.

✅ Automatic Action – No manual operation required.
✅ Energy Efficient – Water pump operates only when needed.
✅ Self-Resetting System – Returns to standby mode after extinguishing fire.

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06.PROJECT LAYOUT

Fig.15

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07. ADVANTAGES

Advantages of Automatic Fire Extinguisher System

Rapid Fire Detection & Response:

1. The IR Receiver LED detects fire instantly by sensing infrared radiation.

2. This ensures a quick response, reducing fire spread and damage.

Automatic Operation:

3. The system functions without human intervention, activating the water

pump as soon as fire is detected.
4. This makes it highly effective in places where manual fire suppression is
difficult.

⚡ Low Power Consumption:

1. Uses a 3.7V battery, making it energy-efficient.

2. The circuit components (LEDs, resistors, and transistor) consume
minimal power, increasing battery life.

Simple & Cost-Effective:

1. The system consists of low-cost components like IR sensors,

transistors, and a small water pump.

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 2. No expensive fire suppression technology is required, making it
suitable for small-scale applications.

Self-Resetting System:

1. Once the fire is extinguished, the system automatically resets, turning

OFF the pump and returning to standby mode.
2. No need for manual intervention to restart the system.

Environmentally Friendly:

1. Uses water instead of harmful chemical fire extinguishers.

2. Safe for households, offices, and small industrial setups.

Easy Maintenance & Scalability:

1. The components are easily replaceable in case of damage.

2. The system can be upgraded by adding additional sensors, a buzzer
alarm, or an IoT-based remote monitoring system.

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08. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig.16

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09. APPLICATIONS

Applications of Automatic Fire Extinguisher System

Home Safety:

1. Can be installed in kitchens, electrical panels, and storage areas to

prevent fire accidents.
2. Provides an instant response to small fires before they spread.

Offices & Workspaces:

1. Protects computer rooms, server rooms, and electrical circuits from

fire hazards.
2. Ensures employee safety and minimizes property damage.

Industrial Use:

1. Useful in factories, warehouses, and workshops where flammable

materials are stored.
2. Prevents major industrial fires with quick fire suppression.

Automobiles & Vehicles:

1. Can be installed in engine compartments to detect and extinguish fires

in cars, trucks, and motorcycles.

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 2. Helps prevent fuel-related fires in vehicles.

Telecommunication Towers & Data Centers:

1. Protects high-value equipment like routers, servers, and data storage

systems.
2. Prevents downtime and data loss due to fire damage.

Hospitals & Laboratories:

1. Ensures fire safety in medical labs, oxygen storage rooms, and

emergency wards.
2. Reduces risks in sensitive environments where fire can be extremely
dangerous.

Smart Homes & IoT-Based Security Systems:

1. Can be integrated with smart home automation to provide real-time

fire monitoring.
2. Enhances security by sending alerts to mobile devices when fire is
detected.

Electrical Panels & Power Stations:

1. Installed in power grids, transformers, and circuit panels to prevent

short-circuit-related fires.
2. Protects against electrical malfunctions that can cause severe damage.

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10. CONCLUSION

The Automatic Fire Extinguisher System is a smart, cost-effective, and efficient

solution for early fire detection and suppression. By using an IR Receiver LED, it
detects the presence of fire and automatically activates a water pump to extinguish
it. This eliminates the need for human intervention and ensures immediate action,
reducing potential damage.

One of the biggest advantages of this system is its low power consumption and
simplicity in design, making it ideal for homes, offices, industries, and vehicles.
Unlike conventional fire extinguishers that require manual operation, this system
works autonomously, ensuring safety even when no one is present.

Additionally, the system can be enhanced with modern technologies like IoT, GSM
modules, or AI-based fire detection, allowing remote monitoring and alerts. This
makes it a scalable solution that can be adapted for larger applications, such as
smart homes, industrial safety, and data centers.

In conclusion, this system provides an innovative approach to fire prevention,

combining automation, efficiency, and reliability. With further improvements, it
can become an essential component of modern fire safety systems, helping to save
lives, protect assets, and reduce fire-related losses.

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11. REFERENCE

 Byhttps://makerbazar.in/
 By https://chatgpt.com/
 Byhttps://www.alexa.com/
 Byhttps://cloud.arduino.cc/
 Byhttps://www.arduino.cc/

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