1.

Present Simple Tense (साधारण वर्तमान काल)

2. Verbs ending in "-Ch", "-sh", ' -o" "-z",”ss”, or ,x. verb+es example-watch-watches
3. Verbs ending with consonant + y:+ies
i. cry
ii. dry
iii. fly
iv. fry
v. cres
vi. dries
vii. flies
viii. Fries
Singular verb +s,+es
Pular ke liye no use es +s

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Base form of verb (add ‘s’ or ‘es’ with he/she/it).
 Negative: Subject + Do/Does + Not + Base form of verb.
 Interrogative: Do/Does + Subject + Base form of verb?

Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: He plays football.

o Hindi: वह फुटबॉल खेलता है।

 Negative:
o English: He does not play football.
o Hindi: वह फुटबॉल नहीं खेलता है।
 Interrogative:

o English: Does he play football?

o Hindi: क्या वह फुटबॉल खेलता है?

2. Present Continuous Tense (वर्तमान जारी काल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + is/am/are + Verb + ing.

 Negative: Subject + is/am/are + Not + Verb + ing.
 Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Subject + Verb + ing?

Examples:

 Affirmative:
o English: She is reading a book.
o Hindi: वह एक किताब पढ़ रही है।
 Negative:

o English: She is not reading a book.

 o Hindi: वह एक किताब नहीं पढ़ रही है।

 Interrogative:

o English: Is she reading a book?

o Hindi: क्या वह एक किताब पढ़ रही है?

3. Present Perfect Tense (पूर्ण वर्तमान काल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Has/Have + Past participle of verb.

 Negative: Subject + Has/Have + Not + Past participle of verb.
 Interrogative: Has/Have + Subject + Past participle of verb?

Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: They have finished their homework.

o Hindi: उन्होंने अपना होमवर्क खत्म कर लिया है।

 Negative:

o English: They have not finished their homework.

o Hindi: उन्होंने अपना होमवर्क खत्म नहीं किया है।

 Interrogative:

o English: Have they finished their homework?

o Hindi: क्या उन्होंने अपना होमवर्क खत्म किया है?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (पूर्ण वर्तमान

जारी काल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Has/Have + Been + Verb + ing.

 Negative: Subject + Has/Have + Not + Been + Verb + ing.
 Interrogative: Has/Have + Subject + Been + Verb + ing?

Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: I have been working for two hours.

o Hindi: मैं दो घंटे से काम कर रहा हूँ।
  Negative:

o English: I have not been working for two hours.

o Hindi: मैं दो घंटे से काम नहीं कर रहा हूँ।

 Interrogative:

o English: Have I been working for two hours?

o Hindi: क्या मैं दो घंटे से काम कर रहा हूँ?

5. Past Simple Tense (साधारण भूतकाल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Verb (Past form).

 Negative: Subject + Did + Not + Base form of verb.
 Interrogative: Did + Subject + Base form of verb?

Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: He ate an apple.

o Hindi: उसने एक सेब खाया।

 Negative:

o English: He did not eat an apple.

o Hindi: उसने एक सेब नहीं खाया।

 Interrogative:

o English: Did he eat an apple?

o Hindi: क्या उसने एक सेब खाया?

6. Past Continuous Tense (जारी भूतकाल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Was/Were + Verb + ing.

 Negative: Subject + Was/Were + Not + Verb + ing.
 Interrogative: Was/Were + Subject + Verb + ing?

Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: She was singing a song.

 o Hindi: वह एक गाना गा रही थी।

 Negative:

o English: She was not singing a song.

o Hindi: वह एक गाना नहीं गा रही थी।

 Interrogative:

o English: Was she singing a song?

o Hindi: क्या वह एक गाना गा रही थी?

7. Past Perfect Tense (पूर्ण भूतकाल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Had + Past participle of verb.

 Negative: Subject + Had + Not + Past participle of verb.
 Interrogative: Had + Subject + Past participle of verb?

Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: They had gone to the market.

o Hindi: वे बाजार जा चुके थे।

 Negative:

o English: They had not gone to the market.

o Hindi: वे बाजार नहीं गए थे।

 Interrogative:

o English: Had they gone to the market?

o Hindi: क्या वे बाजार गए थे?

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (पूर्ण भूतकाल जारी

काल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Had + Been + Verb + ing.

 Negative: Subject + Had + Not + Been + Verb + ing.
 Interrogative: Had + Subject + Been + Verb + ing?

Examples:
  Affirmative:

o English: He had been living here for five years.

o Hindi: वह यहाँ पाँच साल से रह रहा था।

 Negative:

o English: He had not been living here for five years.

o Hindi: वह यहाँ पाँच साल से नहीं रह रहा था।

 Interrogative:

o English: Had he been living here for five years?

o Hindi: क्या वह यहाँ पाँच साल से रह रहा था?

9. Future Simple Tense (साधारण भविष्य काल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Will/Shall + Base form of verb.

 Negative: Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Base form of verb.
 Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + Base form of verb?

Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: I will go to school tomorrow.

o Hindi: मैं कल स्कूल जाऊँगा।

 Negative:

o English: I will not go to school tomorrow.

o Hindi: मैं कल स्कूल नहीं जाऊँगा।

 Interrogative:

o English: Will I go to school tomorrow?

o Hindi: क्या मैं कल स्कूल जाऊँगा?

10. Future Continuous Tense (भविष्य जारी काल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Will + Be + Verb + ing.

 Negative: Subject + Will + Not + Be + Verb + ing.
 Interrogative: Will + Subject + Be + Verb + ing?
Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: She will be studying at 6 PM.

o Hindi: वह 6 बजे पढ़ाई कर रही होगी।

 Negative:

o English: She will not be studying at 6 PM.

o Hindi: वह 6 बजे पढ़ाई नहीं कर रही होगी।

 Interrogative:

o English: Will she be studying at 6 PM?

o Hindi: क्या वह 6 बजे पढ़ाई कर रही होगी?

11. Future Perfect Tense (पूर्ण भविष्य काल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Will + Have + Past participle of verb.

 Negative: Subject + Will + Not + Have + Past participle of verb.
 Interrogative: Will + Subject + Have + Past participle of verb?

Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: They will have completed the project by next week.

o Hindi: वे अगले सप्ताह तक प्रोजेक्ट पूरा कर चुके होंगे।

 Negative:

o English: They will not have completed the project by next week.
o Hindi: वे अगले सप्ताह तक प्रोजेक्ट पूरा नहीं कर चुके होंगे।

 Interrogative:

o English: Will they have completed the project by next week?

o Hindi: क्या वे अगले सप्ताह तक प्रोजेक्ट पूरा कर चुके होंगे?

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (पूर्ण भविष्य काल

जारी काल)

Rule:

 Affirmative: Subject + Will + Have + Been + Verb + ing.

  Negative: Subject + Will + Not + Have + Been + Verb + ing.
 Interrogative: Will + Subject + Have + Been + Verb + ing?

Examples:

 Affirmative:

o English: By next month, I will have been working here for two years.
o Hindi: अगले महीने तक, मैं यहाँ दो साल से काम कर रहा होऊँगा।

 Negative:

o English: By next month, I will not have been working here for two years.
o Hindi: अगले महीने तक, मैं यहाँ दो साल से काम नहीं कर रहा होऊँगा।

 Interrogative:

o English: By next month, will I have been working here for two years?
o Hindi: अगले महीने तक, क्या मैं यहाँ दो साल से काम कर रहा होऊँगा?

1. Simple Present Tense

 Sub(subject)
+ v1 + Obj(object).
 Sub +do not/does not + v1 + obj.
 Do/Does + sub + v1 + obj?
2. Present Continuous Tense

 Sub
+ is/am/are + v1 + ing + obj.
 Sub + is/am/are + not + v1 + ing + obj.
 Is/am/are + Sub + v1 + ing + obj?
3. Present Perfect Tense

 Sub
+ has/have + v3 + obj.
 Sub + has/have + not v3 + obj.
 Has/ Have + sub + v3 + obj?
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

 Sub + (has/have)been + (v1) ing + obj +

since/for.
 Sub + has/have + not + been + (v1) ing + obj +
since/for.
 Has/have + Sub + been + (v1) ing + obj +
since/for.
5. Simple Past Tense

 Sub + v2 + obj.
 Sub + did not + v1 + obj.
 Did + sub + v1 + obj?
6. Past Continuous Tense

 Sub + was/were + (v1) ing + obj.

 Sub + was/ were + not + (v1) ing + obj.
 Was/ were + sub + (v1) ing + obj?
7. Past Perfect Tense

 Sub + had + v3 + obj.

 Sub + had + not + v3 + obj.
 Had + sub + v3 + obj?
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

 Sub + had been + (v1) ing + obj + since/for.

 Sub + had + not + been + (v1) ing + obj +
since/for.
 Had + sub+ been + (v1) ing + obj + since/for?
9. Simple Future Tense

 Sub + will/shall + v1 + obj.

 Sub + will/shall + not + v1 + obj.
 Shall/Will + sub + v1 + obj?
10. Future Continuous Tense

 Sub + will be/shall be + (v1) ing + obj.

 Sub + (will/shall) not + be + (v1) ing + obj.
 Will/shall + sub + be + (v1) ing + obj?
11. Future Perfect Tense

 Sub + will have/shall have + v3 + obj.

 Sub + will/shall + not + have + v3 + obj.
 Will/shall + sub + have + v3 + obj?
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

 Sub + will have/shall have been + (v1) ing +

obj + since/for.
 Sub + will/shall + not + have + been + (v1) ing
+ obj + since/for.
 Will/shall
+ sub + have + been + (v1) ing + obj
+ since/for?