TEX 185: Fibre Science
Introduction of Textile Fibres
Md. Esrafil Hossain Riyad
Lecturer
Department of Textile Machinery Design & Maintenance
Bangladesh University of Textiles
Email: esrafilhossainriyad027@gmail.com
Course Content: Part-A
Introduction of Textile Fibers: definition of textiles and textile fibres, classification of textile fibres with
example, historical background of textile fibres, properties required for an ideal textile fibre, standard
structure of a textile fibre, different bonding of textile fibers, world production and consumption of textile
fibres.
Cellulosic Fibres:
Cotton- cultivation, growth and harvesting, geographical distribution, ginning, grading and classification,
physical and morphological structure, microscopic view (longitudinal and cross-sectional), chemical
composition, structure and bonds, physical and chemical properties, end uses.
Jute- cultivation, growth and harvesting, geographical distribution, grading and classification, defects,
physical and morphological structure, microscopic view (longitudinal and cross-sectional), chemical
composition, structure and bonds, physical and chemical properties, up-gradation process, end uses.
Flax- cultivation, growth and harvesting, geographical distribution, grading and classification, defects,
physical and morphological structure, microscopic view (longitudinal and cross-sectional), chemical
composition, structure and bonds, physical and chemical properties, cottonized flax, end uses.
Course Content: Part-A
Protein Fibres:
Wool- growth, geographical distribution of main wool producing countries, shearing, classing and
sorting, sources and types of animal hair fibres, physical and morphological structure, microscopic
view (longitudinal and cross-sectional), chemical composition, structure and bonds, physical and
chemical properties, end uses.
Silk- growth, sericulture and methods of production, geographical distribution, physical and
morphological structure, microscopic view (longitudinal and cross-sectional), chemical
composition, structure and bonds, physical and chemical properties, end uses, difference between
wool, silk and hair fibre.
Mineral Fibre: brief study about asbestoses fibre.
Other Fibres: brief study about hemp, ramie, bamboo, banana, pineapple, kapok, sisal and coir
fibre.
Reference Book
J. Gordon Cook. Handbook of Textile Fibers, Volume 1: Natural Fibers, Woodhead Publishing
J. Gordon Cook. Handbook of Textile Fibers, Volume 2: Man-made Fibers, Woodhead Publishing
A. Jindal, R. Jindal, “Textile Raw Materials”, Abhishek Publication
A. J. Uddin, “Physical Characterization of Textile Fibres”
A. A. Vaidya, “Production of Synthetic Fibers”
Textile
A textile was originally a woven fabric, but the term textile and plural textiles are now also applied to
fibres, filaments and yarns (natural and man-made) and most products for which these are the
principle raw materials.
Textile fibre
The material which consists of fibrous structure and length is thousand times higher than its
width/diameter and can be spun into yarn, suitable for weaving or knitting and easily colored by
suitable dyestuff is known as textile fibre.
Cotton Jute Silk Wool
Properties of an ideal textile fibre :
• Fibrous structure.
• Length is thousand times higher than its width/diameter.
• Spun able i.e. it has spinning quality.
• Sufficient strength.
• Elasticity and flexibility.
• Fineness.
• Dye ability i.e. affinity to dye.
“ All fibres are not textile fibres.”
Staple Fibre and Filament
• Staple fibres are shorter in length and filaments are continuous in length which can be used as such
form or cut into shorter staple fibre form.
• Staple fibres are normally related to natural fibres but filaments are related to mam-made fibres,
though silk is naturally originated filament.
• Staple fibre: i) Short staple (<24mm)
ii) Medium staple (24mm-29mm’)
ii) Long staple (30mm-35mm)
iv) Extra long staple (>35mm)
• Filament: i) Monofilament (1-5 holes in spinneret)
ii) Multifilament (10-100 holes in spinneret)
Classification of Textile Fibres
Structure of fibres:
