German A1
German A1
Exercise Book
     Made by        1
How the SpeedyGerman A1 Exercise Book works
Aaaaand repeat 😉
There are exercises for each video lesson in the course. You can find a PDF under
each video lesson that you can download with the appropriate lesson summary,
exercises and sample solutions.
Please treat the exercise book as an extension of the video lessons. In some
lessons, there are also “advanced exercises”. They are meant to be a little
challenge to push you beyond your current level. It’s perfectly fine if you cannot
solve them right away.
Have fun!
                                                                                     2
     Final Clauses (damit, um…zu)
The German alphabet consists of 26 letters, similar to the English alphabet. The
pronunciation differs for some letters though.
German includes four additional characters called "Umlaute": Ä, Ö, Ü, and ß.
📣 Exercise 1:
Spell your full name in German. Speak out the individual characters and also write
them down.
📣 Exercise 2:
Using a voice recording app, record yourself saying the entire alphabet.
Play back the recording and compare your pronunciation with the original
recording.
Note any differences and practice those specific letters until you can pronounce
them correctly :)
📣 Exercise 3:
Spell the following three words: "Mädchen" (girl), "Abend" (evening) and
"Donnerstag" (Thursday).
                                                                                     3
           Greetings & Introduction
Greetings:
   Guten Morgen: Good morning (sunrise until noon)
   Guten Tag: Good day/hello (10 am onwards)
   Guten Abend: Good evening (late afternoon/evening)
                                                                     👋
   Gute Nacht: Good night (before sleep)
   Hallo or Hi: Simple and versatile
Goodbyes:
   Auf Wiedersehen: Formal goodbye (see you again)
   Tschüss: Informal goodbye
   Bis später: See you later
Introducing Yourself:
    Ich bin + [name]: I am + [name] (common)
    Mein Name ist + [name]: My name is + [name] (formal)
📝 Exercise 1
You meet a new classmate in the evening. Fill out the gaps.
📣 Exercise 2:
Greet another person with the appropriate greeting (keep the time of day in mind!)
                                                                                     4
                                   🔐
Solution for exercise 1:
                                                                  5
          Basic Sentence Structure
In German, the typical word order in a sentence follows the pattern Subject-Verb-
Object (SVO). Let's break it down:
Subject (Subjekt): This is the entity performing the action in the sentence. It could
be a person, thing, or concept.
For example, in the sentence "Der Hund bellt." (The dog barks.), "Der Hund" (The
dog) is the subject because it's the entity being talked about.
Verb (Verb): The verb is the action or state of being performed by the subject. In
German, verbs often come second in a sentence, following the subject.
For example, in the sentence "Der Hund läuft" (The dog runs), "läuft" (runs) is the
verb.
Object (Objekt): The object is the entity that receives the action of the verb. It
can be a direct object or an indirect object. In German, the object usually comes
after the verb.
For example, in the sentence "Der Hund frisst den Knochen" (The dog eats the
bone), "den Knochen" (the bone) is the object.
So, in summary, the SVO order in a basic German sentence means the subject
usually comes first, followed by the verb, and then the object. This structure helps
to clarify who or what is doing the action and what action is being performed on
whom or what.
📝 Exercise 1:
Sentence jumble! Bring the words in the correct order and form SVO sentences.
Make sure to start the sentence with a capitalized letter! Since this is one of the
first lessons, please look up the words (in Leo) if you don't know them.
                                                                                        6
                                    🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
                                                         7
                  Forming Questions
Yes/No Questions
These questions require a simple "ja" (yes) or "nein" (no) answer. The structure of
these questions involves swapping the subject and the conjugated verb in a
sentence:
Notice how "bist" (are) and "du" (you) switch places in the question!
   Wer (who)
   Was (what)
   Wo (where)
   Wann (when)
   Warum (why)
Using these question words, we can ask more detailed questions that require
specific information:
                                                                                      8
Practice forming questions
📝 Exercise 1:
Turn sentences into questions. Remember the simple trick from the lesson ;)
📝 Exercise 2:
Fill in the correct Question words!
   🇬🇧 English: "Where is the train station?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ ist der Bahnhof?"
   🇬🇧 English: "Who is coming to the party?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ kommt zur
   Party?"
   🇬🇧 English: "What time does the movie start?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ beginnt
   der Film?"
   🇬🇧 English: "When is your birthday?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ hast du
   Geburtstag?"
   🇬🇧 English: "Why are you late?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ bist du spät?"
   🇬🇧 English: "Who ate my sandwich?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ hat mein Sandwich
   gegessen?"
   🇬🇧 English: "What is your favorite color?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ ist deine
   Lieblingsfarbe?"
   🇬🇧 English: "Where did you go on vacation?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ bist du im
   Urlaub gewesen?"
   🇬🇧 English: "When will the concert start?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ beginnt das
   Konzert?"
   🇬🇧 English: "Why did you choose this book?" 🇩🇪 German: "________ hast du
   dieses Buch ausgewählt?"
📝 Exercise 3:
Answer these questions for yourself. I already gave sample answers in the lesson!
                                                                                      9
                                     🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Wo
 2. Wer
 3. Wann
 4. Wann
 5. Warum
 6. Wer
 7. Was
 8. Wo
 9. Wann
10. Warum
Exercise 3 (solution):
Wie heißen Sie? (What is your name?) - “Ich heiße Max”. (My name is Max.)
Woher kommen Sie? (Where are you from?) - “Ich komme aus Deutschland”. (I’m
from Germany.)
Wie alt sind Sie? (How old are you?) - “Ich bin 21 Jahre alt”. (I'm 21 years old.)
Wo wohnen Sie? (Where do you live?) - “Ich wohne in München”. (I live in Munich.).
                                                                                     10
  Personal Pronouns (Nominative)
While the singular pronouns are about the first person (referring to the speaker),
second person (addressing the listener), and third person (describing someone or
something else), the plural forms refer to groups.
Examples are "Ich bin Max" (I am Max) and "Sie arbeiten im Büro" (They work in
the office). You can see, these pronouns make our sentences more efficient.
But personal pronouns are not confined to statements.
                                                                                     11
Practice personal pronouns
📝 Exercise 1:
Match the German personal pronouns with their English equivalents.
 1. ich
 2. ihr
 3. er
 4. wir
 5. sie
 6. sie pl.
 7. es
 8. du
📝 Exercise 2:
Fill in the Blanks Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the
appropriate personal pronouns.
📝 Exercise 3:
Sentence Transformation! Transform the following sentences by replacing the
bold noun with the correct personal pronoun.
                                                                              12
Practice personal pronouns
📝 Advanced Exercise 4:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronouns.
📝 Advanced exercise 5:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronouns:
   Das ist Herr Meier. ______ ist ein Lehrer. Das ist Frau Schulz. ______ ist eine
   Ärztin. Herr Meier und Frau Schulz sind Nachbarn. ______ wohnen in Berlin.
   Hallo. Wer bist ______? ______ bin dein neuer Kollege.
   Wo seid ______? ______ sind im Garten.
   Guten Tag. Wie heißen ______?
                                                                                     13
                                       🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. ich - I
 2. ihr - you (plural)
 3. er - he
 4. wir - we
 5. sie - she
 6. sie (pl.) - they
 7. es - it
 8. du - you (singular)
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
                                                       14
                                     🔐
Exercise 4 (solution):
   Das ist Lisa. Sie kommt aus Kanada. (This is Lisa. She comes from Canada.)
   Das ist Ahmed. Er kommt aus Ägypten. (This is Ahmed. He comes from Egypt.)
   Hallo Peter. Woher kommst du? (Hello, Peter. Where do you come from?)
   Ich komme aus Frankreich. (I come from France.)
   Guten Tag. Wie heißen Sie? (Good day. What is your name?)
   Guten Tag. Ich heiße Müller, Julia Müller. (Good day. My name is Müller, Julia
   Müller.)
Exercise 5 (solution):
   Das ist Herr Meier. Er ist ein Lehrer. (This is Mr. Meier. He is a teacher.)
   Das ist Frau Schulz. Sie ist eine Ärztin. (This is Mrs. Schulz. She is a doctor.)
   Herr Meier und Frau Schulz sind Nachbarn. Sie wohnen in Berlin. (Mr. Meier and
   Mrs. Schulz are neighbours. They live in Berlin.)
   Hallo. Wer bist du? Ich bin dein neuer Kollege. (Hello. Who are you? I am your
   new colleague.)
   Wo seid ihr? Wir sind im Garten. (Where are you? We are in the garden.)
   Guten Tag. Wie heißen Sie? (Good day. What is your name?)
                                                                                       15
                               Numbers
11 is "elf", 12 is "zwölf", they are both irregular. The rest follows a pattern where
"zehn" (ten) is added to the base. 13 is "dreizehn" (three-ten). This pattern
continues up to 19: vierzehn, fünfzehn, sechzehn, siebzehn, achtzehn, neunzehn,
and zwanzig.
For numbers beyond 20, you combine the word for the tenth place with the
numbers 1 to 9. For example, 21 is "einundzwanzig" (one and twenty) and 37 is
"siebenunddreißig" (seven and thirty). This pattern continues for all numbers up to
99. The tens are zwanzig (20), dreißig (30), vierzig (40), fünfzig (50), sechzig (60),
siebzig (70), achtzig (80), and neunzig (90).
When you reach 100, you use "hundert". So, 100 is "einhundert" (one and
hundred), 115 is "hundertfünfzehn" (hundred and fifteen), and so on. The same
pattern applies for 200 (zweihundert), 300 (dreihundert), and so forth, up to 1000
(eintausend).
                                                                                         16
Practice numbers
📝 Exercise 1:
Match the following numbers with their correct German words:
   22 - vierunddreißig
   45 - zweiundzwanzig
   59 - siebenundachtzig
   87 - neunundfünfzig
   34 - fünfundvierzig
📝 Exercise 2:
Write out the numbers in words:
   14: _______
   27: _______
   33: _______
   48: _______
   76: ______
📝 Exercise 3:
Convert these English phone numbers into German number words and speak them
out:
   123-456-7890
   098-765-4321
   555-123-4567
📝 Exercise 4:
Write the following numbers in German:
   101: ___________
   215: ___________
   348: ___________
   567: ___________
   789: ___________
                                                                              17
                                   🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
   22 - zweiundzwanzig
   45 - fünfundvierzig
   59 - neunundfünfzig
   87 - siebenundachtzig
   34 - vierunddreißig
Exercise 2 (solution):
   14: vierzehn
   27: siebenundzwanzig
   33: dreiunddreißig
   48: achtundvierzig
   76: sechsundsiebzig
Exercise 3 (solution):
   123-456-7890
      eins-zwei-drei vier-fünf-sechs sieben-acht-neun-null
   098-765-4321
      null-neun-acht sieben-sechs-fünf vier-drei-zwei-eins
   555-123-4567
      fünf-fünf-fünf eins-zwei-drei vier-fünf-sechs-sieben
Exercise 4 (solution):
   101: einhunderteins
   215: zweihundertfünfzehn
   348: dreihundertachtundvierzig
   567: fünfhundertsiebenundsechzig
   789: siebenhundertneunundachtzig
                                                             18
                     Ordinal Numbers
In this lesson, you learned about ordinal numbers in German. You use them to
indicate the order or sequence of things. Forming ordinal numbers is quite
straightforward: for numbers from 1 to 19, you add "-te" to the cardinal number.
For example, "sieben" (seven) becomes "siebte" (seventh), "acht" (eight) becomes
"achte" (eighth), and so on.
For numbers above 19, you add "-ste" instead of "-te." For example, "zwanzig"
(twenty) becomes "zwanzigste" (twentieth), "vierundvierzig" (forty-four) becomes
"vierundvierzigste" (forty-fourth), and "neunzig" (ninety) becomes "neunzigste"
(ninetieth).
You use ordinal numbers when you express dates in combination with the definite
article ("der," "die," "das"). For instance, "der siebte Januar" (the seventh of
January) and "heute ist der fünfzehnte April" (today is the fifteenth of April).
They are also used to describe order or sequence, such as "Was ist dein zweiter
Name?" (What's your second name?) and "Ich wohne im zehnten Stock" (I live on
the tenth floor).
                                                                                     19
Practice ordinal numbers
📝 Exercise 1:
Complete the sentences with the correct ordinal number:
📝 Exercise 2:
Write down three important dates for you and speak them out loud in German.
For example: 17.8.2024. Der siebzehnte achte zweitausendvierundzwanzig.
📝 Exercise 3:
Derive the ordinal numbers in German for the following cardinal numbers:
   Sieben (seven)
   Elf (eleven)
   Achtzehn (eighteen)
   Zweiunddreißig (thirty-two)
   Fünfundvierzig (forty-five)
                                                                               20
                                    🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
                                                                                   21
 Present Tense Verb Conjugation
In this lesson, we dived into German verbs. We focused on the present tense,
which is called "Das Präsens." We learned that verbs in German change their
forms, depending on who or what is doing the action and when it happens. This
form change is called conjugation.
We started by talking about two types of verbs: regular and irregular. Regular
verbs follow predictable patterns when we change their forms. But irregular verbs
have their own unique rules.
We took the verb "machen" (to do/make) as an example to understand how verbs
change. We learned that we start with the basic form of the verb (called the
infinitive) and then remove the ending to find the verb stem. After that, we add
specific endings to the verb stem to match the subject of the sentence. The
subject can be "ich" (I), "du" (you), "er/sie/es" (he/she/it), "wir" (we), "ihr" (you all),
and "sie/Sie" (they/you formal). Or the subject can also be a normal noun in the
nominative form.
We also saw that the present tense in German isn't just for talking about things
happening now but also for discussing future events. We saw examples like
"Morgen gehe ich in die Uni" (Tomorrow I'm going to university), where we use
present tense verbs to talk about the future by specifying when the action will
occur.
                                                                                              22
Practice verb conjugation
📝 Exercise 1:
Verb Conjugation Conjugate the verb “suchen” (to search) in the present tense
according to the given personal pronouns.
 1. ___ (Ich)
 2. ___ (du)
 3. ___ (er/sie/es)
 4. ___ (wir)
 5. ___ (ihr)
 6. ___ (sie/Sie)
📝 Exercise 2:
Complete the sentences by conjugating the verbs in the present tense according
to the context provided.
📝 Exercise 3:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb "gehen" (to go) in the
present tense.
📝 Advanced exercise 4:
Please add the appropriate endings. Pay attention to the personal pronoun!
Liebe Anna,
ich freu__ (freuen) mich sehr über deine Einladung zum Picknick. Ich komm__
(kommen) gerne! Komm__ (kommen) dein Bruder Max auch? Max lern__ (lernen)
auch Deutsch.
Ich kenn__ (kennen) ihn seit zwei Monaten und wir mach__ (machen) alles
zusammen. Wir spiel__ (spielen) Fußball. Spiels__ (spielen) du auch gerne Fußball.
Wir hab__ (haben) bestimmt viel Spaß!
Viele Grüße an Lisa und Max!
                                                                                     23
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. Ich suche
 2. Du suchst
 3. Er/sie/es sucht
 4. Wir suchen
 5. Ihr sucht
 6. Sie/Sie suchen
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Ich gehe gerne ins Kino. (I go to the cinema)
 2. Du bestellst Pizza. (You order Pizza.)
 3. Die Frau lernt jeden Tag Deutsch. (The woman learns German every day.)
 4. Die Hunde spielen mit Freunden. (The dogs play with friends.)
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Er geht oft ins Fitnessstudio. (He often goes to the gym.)
 2. Sie geht heute Abend ins Theater. (She's going to the theater tonight.)
 3. Ihr geht morgen einkaufen. (You're going shopping tomorrow.)
 4. Ich gehe jetzt nach Hause. (I'm going home now.)
Exercise 4 (solution):
Liebe Anna,
ich freue mich sehr über deine Einladung zum Picknick. Ich komme gerne! Kommt
dein Bruder Max auch? Max lernt auch Deutsch.
Ich kenne ihn seit zwei Monaten und wir machen alles zusammen. Wir spielen
gerne Fußball. Spielst du auch gerne Fußball? Wir haben bestimmt viel Spaß!
Viele Grüße auch an Lisa und Max!
English translation:
Dear Anna,
I am very happy about your invitation to the picnic. I would love to come! Is your
brother Max coming too? Max is also learning German.
I've known him for two months and we do everything together. We like to play
soccer. Do you like playing soccer too? We certainly have a lot of fun!
Many greetings to Lisa and Max too!
                                                                                     24
                      Irregular Verbs
For the A1 level you only need to know about 26 irregular verbs. This is not a lot
compared to languages like French or English!
We started with the two most common irregular verbs, "sein" (to be) and "haben"
(to have). "Sein" conjugates irregularly across different pronouns, so you need to
memorize its forms. Also, "haben" follows a slightly different pattern, particularly
the second and third-person singular forms are interesting.
We also covered irregular verbs like "sprechen" (to talk) and "fahren" (to go/drive),
where the irregularity becomes visible in the second and third-person singular
form. You have vowel or stem changes.
For reference, here are the verbs forms for “sein” (to be) and “haben” (to have)”.
                                                                                        25
Practice irregular verbs
📝 Exercise 1:
Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the appropriate form of the
irregular verb "sein" (to be) in the present tense.
📝 Exercise 2:
Fill in the Correct Form of "haben" (to have):
📝 Exercise 3:
Identify the irregular verb in each sentence and write its infinitive form. You can
look up the verbs in the irregular verbs list if you're stuck.
📝 Exercise 4:
Find and correct the mistake in each sentence related to the use of irregular
verbs.
                                                                                      26
Practice irregular verbs
📝 Exercise 5:
Irregular or not? Bring the verb into the correct form:
   leben (er)
   kaufen (du)
   machen (ich)
   lesen (sie sg.)
   gehen (er)
   geben (du)
📝 Advanced Exercise 6:
Write down the infinitive form of the following verbs:
   du gibst
   sie hilft
   du nimmst
   du siehst
   er spricht
   wir lesen
   er isst
   du fährst
                                                          27
                                       🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
                                                                           28
                                  🔐
Exercise 5 (solution):
   leben - er lebt
   kaufen - du kaufst
   machen - ich mache
   lesen - sie liest
   gehen - er geht
   geben - du gibst
   du gibst - geben
   sie hilft - helfen
   du nimmst - nehmen
   du siehst - sehen
   er spricht - sprechen
   wir lesen - lesen
   er isst - essen
   du fährst - fahren
                                      29
       Noun Genders and Articles
Mastering German noun genders can be quite challenging for language learners.
Unlike English, which uses a single definite article "the" for all nouns, German
assigns a grammatical gender to every noun: masculine (der), feminine (die), or
neutral (das). This gender affects not only the article used but also several other
elements in a sentence.
To efficiently learn German genders, you can categorize nouns by their topics or
endings, and practice with these categories in mind.
For instance, masculine nouns often include male professions and calendar-
related terms, while feminine nouns include female professions and numbers.
Neutral nouns frequently cover objects and concepts that are not inherently
gendered.
In case you are confronted with a compound noun (noun that is made up of
multiple words), remember that the last noun defines the gender of the word. "Die
Haustür" (house door) is a combination of the words "Das Haus" (the house) and
"Die Tür". In this case, "Tür" is the last component of the word, so the gender is
feminine with "Die".
HINT: you can use this website to find the article for any word: https://der-
artikel.de/
📝 Exercise 2:
Based on the noun endings, predict the gender of the following nouns and write the
correct definite article (der, die, das) before each noun.
                                                                                      31
Practice noun genders
📝 Exercise 3:
Sort the following nouns into the correct gender categories (Masculine, Feminine,
Neuter). Write each noun under the correct heading.
Nouns: der Bruder (brother), die Schwester (sister), das Haus (house), die Nacht
(night), der Stuhl (chair), das Glas (glass), die Blume (flower), der Tag (day), das
Brot (bread), die Sonne (sun)
Categories:
   Masculine
   Feminine
   Neuter
📝 Exercise 4:
List 5 masculine, feminine and neutral nouns and write them down with their
appropriate article! (You can look them up in the A1 vocab list)
📝 Exercise 5:
Please learn 5 new nouns per day from the A1 Vocab list with their noun gender
and plural form. I will also remind you frequently throughout this course.
                                                                                       32
                                    🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. der Tisch (table)
 2. der Apfel (apple)
 3. die Blume (flower)
 4. das Kind (child)
 5. die Lampe (lamp)
 6. der Hund (dog)
 7. die Frau (woman)
 8. das Buch (book)
 9. die Katze (cat)
10. das Auto (car)
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. die Freundschaft (friendship)
 2. das Universum (universe)
 3. der Lehrer (teacher)
 4. die Nation (nation)
 5. die Bäckerei (bakery)
 6. der Optimist (optimist)
 7. das Holz (wood)
 8. die Gesellschaft (society)
 9. das Geheimnis (secret)
10. der Künstler (artist)
Exercise 3 (solution):
Masculine:
   der Bruder (brother)
   der Stuhl (chair)
   der Tag (day)
Feminine:
   die Schwester (sister)
   die Nacht (night)
   die Blume (flower)
   die Sonne (sun)
Neuter:
   das Haus (house)
   das Glas (glass)
   das Brot (bread)
                                        33
                    Indefinite Articles
In this lecture, we explored definite and indefinite articles in German, and focused
on how they are connected with noun genders.
You use definite articles ("der," "die," "das") to refer to specific, recognizable
nouns. It's like pointing out famous artworks in a museum.
For example, "der Mann" (the man) uses "der" to indicate a particular man.
Similarly, "die schöne Blume" (the beautiful flower) and "das Kind" (the child)
specify exact entities using "die" and "das". So these articles help clarify which
specific noun is being discussed.
On the other hand, you use indefinite articles ("ein," "eine", "ein") used for nouns
that are less specific. It's like encountering new, unfamiliar paintings in a museum.
You use the article "ein" for both masculine and neuter nouns. "Eine" is for feminine
nouns. For example, "ein Topf" (a pot) and "eine Uhr" (a clock) introduce these
items without specifying which particular pot or clock. When dealing with plural
nouns, you don't need an indefinite article.
Through sentences like "Ich esse einen Apfel" (I eat an apple) and "Sie kauft eine
neue Tasche" (She buys a new bag), we learned that indefinite articles are useful
when mentioning something for the first time or speaking in general terms.
                                                                                        34
Practice indefinite articles
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct indefinite article (ein, eine, ein). Pay attention to
the noun genders!
📝 Exercise 2:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the definite or indefinite article
(der, die, das, ein, eine) and the noun. Be sure to match the article with the gender
of the noun provided. The nouns are in bold, before them, there is an adjective
(more on them later in the course).
📝 Exercise 3:
Replace the definite articles in the following sentences with the correct indefinite
articles.
                                                                                            35
                                        🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
                                                                   36
            Adjectives (Nominative)
"Die Adjektive", are words that you use to describe nouns. They tell us more about
size, color, and feelings. By learning adjectives, you can make your descriptions
more vivid. For example, instead of just saying "Der Tisch" (The table), you can say
"Der große Tisch" (The big table) to create a clearer picture.
You can amplify the meaning of adjectives using words like "sehr" (very), making
"langsam" (slow) become "sehr langsam" (very slow).
Other adjective pairs we learned include:
Using these adjectives, you can describe people, objects, and situations more
effectively in German. To practice, try to use these adjectives in sentences and pair
them with their opposites to reinforce your learning.
                                                                                        37
           Adjectives (Nominative)
Depending on the noun that the adjective describes, it can change it’s form and get
the same case, number and gender as the noun.
These are the endings for adjectives in the nominative (for definite and indefinite
articles):
                                                                                      38
Practice adjectives
📝Exercise 1:
Write the opposite word for each adjective:
 1. Klein
 2. Alt
 3. Schnell
 4. Glücklich
 5. Viel
 6. Richtig
 7. Lang
 8. Heiß
 9. Krank
10. Pünktlich
📝Exercise 2:
Construct sentences in German using the given words. Pay attention to the verb
conjugation, you have to change the verb form here!
📝Exercise 3:
Transform the sentences by changing the adjectives to their opposites.
📝Exercise 4:
Read the text carefully and list all the adjectives found in the text. In total there are
eight.
Anna hat einen kleinen Hund. Der Hund ist sehr freundlich. Sie wohnen in einem
großen Haus. Das Haus ist schön und modern. Anna hat auch eine nette Katze. Die
Katze ist alt, aber sehr lieb.
                                                                                            39
                                     🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. klein - groß
 2. alt - neu
 3. schnell - langsam
 4. glücklich - traurig
 5. viel - wenig
 6. richtig - falsch
 7. lang - kurz
 8. heiß - kalt
 9. krank - gesund
10. pünktlich - spät
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
Anna hat einen kleinen Hund. Der Hund ist sehr freundlich. Sie wohnen in einem
großen Haus. Das Haus ist schön und modern. Anna hat auch eine nette Katze. Die
Katze ist alt, aber sehr lieb.
Anna has a small dog. The dog is very friendly. They live in a large house. The
house is nice and modern. Anna also has a nice cat. The cat is old, but very sweet.
                                                                                      40
                      Accusative Case
In this lesson, we learned about the accusative case, "Der Akkusativ" in German.
You use it to indicate the direct object of a verb. The direct object is the recipient
of the action expressed by the verb.
For example, in the sentence "Leon kauft die Blumen" (Leon is buying the flowers),
"Leon" is the subject in the nominative case, and "die Blumen" is the direct object
in the accusative case.
The accusative case is also used after certain verbs and prepositions like "um,"
"durch," "bis," "für," and "gegen." For example, "Ich gehe durch den Park" (I walk
through the park) and "Ich kaufe ein Geschenk für meine Freundin" (I buy a gift for
my friend). More on that in a later lesson.
The articles change slightly in the accusative case. For masculine nouns, "der"
changes to "den," and "ein" changes to "einen." Feminine, neuter, and plural articles
remain the same (see the table below!)
For example, "Der Nachbar hat einen Garten" (The neighbor has a garden) shows
the change in the article for a masculine noun.
                                                                                         41
                     Accusative Case
Adjectives in the accusative case follow the declension rules of the nouns they
belong to. Only the masculine singular changes, with definite articles changing the
ending to "-en" and indefinite articles also changing to "-en."
For instance, "Ich esse den großen Kuchen" (I eat the big cake) shows the
adjective matching the noun's declension. The endings are also the same for the
possessive pronouns (mein, dein, etc.) and the negation "kein". More about them
later.
                                                                                      42
Practice the accusative case
📝Exercise 1:
Identify the accusative nouns and articles in the following sentences.
📝Exercise 2:
Fill in the blanks with the correct accusative article (den, die, das, einen, eine).
Always write both the definite and indefinite in the gap.
📝Exercise 3:
Rewrite the sentences in the accusative case. Hint: you only have the change the
article.
 1. Der Hund sieht der Mann. (The dog sees the man.)
 2. Die Frau kauft der Apfel. (The woman buys the apple.)
 3. Das Kind isst der Kuchen. (The child eats the cake.)
 4. Der Lehrer liest der Artikel. (The teacher reads the article.)
 5. Die Katze trinkt die Milch. (The cat drinks the milk.)
📝Exercise 4:
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
                                                                                       43
Practice the accusative case
📝Exercise 5:
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective.
      Ich habe einen ________ (klein) Hund.
      Sie kauft eine ________ (schön) Blume.
      Wir essen das ________ (frisch) Brot.
      Er liest das ________ (interessant) Buch.
      Du siehst den ________ (süß) Panda.
📝Exercise 6:
Choose the correct article for each sentence.
                                                             44
                                         🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
    1. einen Apfel
    2. die Katze
    3. das Brot
    4. ein Buch
    5. den Saft
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
                                                                45
                                      🔐
Exercise 5 (solution):
Exercise 6 (solution):
                                          46
            Accusative Prepositions
 1. Durch (through):
        Example: Ich gehe durch den Park. (I walk through the park.)
 2. Für (for):
        Example: Ich kaufe Blumen für meine Mutter. (I buy flowers for my mother.)
 3. Gegen(against):
        Example: Der Ball prallt gegen die Wand. (The ball bounces against the wall.)
 4. Ohne (without):
        Example: Ich gehe ohne Schirm aus. (I go out without an umbrella.)
 5. Um (around):
        Example: Sie läuft um den See. (She runs around the lake.)
 6. Bis (until):
        Example: Ich bleibe bis Mitternacht auf. (I stay up until midnight.)
In each of these examples, the nouns following the accusative prepositions ("den
Park", “meine Mutter”, “die Wand”, “Schirm”, “den See”, “Mitternacht”) are in the
accusative case because they are the direct objects affected by the action
expressed by the preposition.
                                                                                        47
Practice accusative prepositions
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate accusative preposition to complete each
sentence.
📝 Exercise 2:
Each sentence contains a mistake with the noun not in the accusative case. Identify
the mistake and correct the article into the accusative case.
📝 Advanced exercise 3:
Add the fitting preposition and the correct article in the accusative.
                                                                                      48
                                         🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
    1. Er geht durch der Wald. Correction: Er geht durch den Wald. (He goes through
       the forest.)
    2. Ich kaufe Geschenke für das Freund. Correction: Ich kaufe Geschenke für den
       Freund. (I buy gifts for the friend.)
    3. Sie rennt gegen der Tür. Correction: Sie rennt gegen die Tür. (She runs against
       the door.)
    4. Wir essen Frühstück ohne der Brot. Correction: Wir essen Frühstück ohne das
       Brot. (We eat breakfast without the bread.)
    5. Er fährt um der Park. Correction: Er fährt um den Park. (He drives around the
       park.)
    6. Sie arbeitet für der Firma. Correction: Sie arbeitet für die Firma. (She works for
       the company.)
    7. Wir warten auf der Zug. Correction: Wir warten auf den Zug. (We wait for the
       train.)
    8. Sie geht in die Schule ohne der Buch. Correction: Sie geht in die Schule ohne
       das Buch. (She goes to school without the book.)
Exercise 3 (solution):
    1. Der Wind bläst stark gegen das Haus. (The wind blows strongly against the
       house.)
    2. Ich gehe ohne Regenschirm aus. (I go out without an umbrella.)
    3. Heute machen wir einen Spaziergang um den See. (Today we are taking a walk
       around the lake.)
    4. Wir treffen uns um Mitternacht. (We meet at midnight.)
                                                                                            49
                Accusative Pronouns
In this lesson, we learned about accusative pronouns in German, which are used
when the pronoun is the direct object of a sentence. Unlike nominative pronouns
that serve as the subject, accusative pronouns receive the action of the verb. For
example, in the sentence "Ich sehe dich" (I see you), "dich" is the accusative
pronoun.
Accusative pronouns are essential for sentences involving direct objects. For
instance, "Ich finde den Mann attraktiv" (I find the man attractive) can be shortened
to "Ich finde ihn attraktiv" (I find him attractive) using the accusative pronoun "ihn."
                                                                                           50
Practice accusative pronouns
📝Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct accusative pronoun (mich, dich, ihn, sie, es, uns,
euch, sie).
📝Exercise 2:
Rewrite the sentences using accusative pronouns. You need to replace the noun in
bold with the pronoun.
📝Exercise 3:
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
                                                                                         51
Practice accusative pronouns
📝Exercise 4:
Complete the dialogue with the correct accusative pronouns.
Person A: Magst du den Film? Person B: Ja, ich mag ________. (it)
Person A: Kennst du mich? Person B: Ja, ich kenne ________. (you)
Person A: Hörst du uns? Person B: Ja, ich höre ________. (you all)
📝Advanced exercise 5:
Fill in the blanks with the correct accusative pronoun (ihn, sie, es, uns, euch, dich,
mich, sie).
Anna hat einen Hund. Sie liebt ________ (him) sehr. Jeden Morgen füttert sie ________
(him). Ihr Bruder Max hat eine Katze. Anna mag ________ (her) auch sehr. Manchmal
spielen sie zusammen.
Anna und Max haben auch Freunde. Die Freunde besuchen ________ (them) oft.
Anna und Max mögen ________ (them) sehr
                                                                                         52
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Ich sehe den Mann. (I see the man.) → Ich sehe ihn.
 2. Wir mögen die Frau. (We like the woman.) → Wir mögen sie.
 3. Er kauft das Buch. (He buys the book.) → Er kauft es.
 4. Sie hört das Lied. (She listens to the song.) → Sie hört es.
 5. Ihr besucht die Freunde. (You visit the friends.) → Ihr besucht sie.
 6. Ich finde den Film spannend. (I find the movie exciting.) → Ich finde ihn
    spannend.
 7. Sie liebt den Hund. (She loves the dog.) → Sie liebt ihn.
 8. Wir hören die Musik. (We listen to the music.) → Wir hören sie.
Exercise 3 (solution):
                                                                                53
                                     🔐
Exercise 4 (solution):
Person A: Magst du den Film? Person B: Ja, ich mag ihn. (it)
Person A: Kennst du mich? Person B: Ja, ich kenne dich. (you)
Person A: Hörst du uns? Person B: Ja, ich höre euch. (you all)
Exercise 5 (solution):
Anna hat einen Hund. Sie liebt ihn (him) sehr. Jeden Morgen füttert sie ihn (him).
Ihr Bruder Max hat eine Katze. Anna mag sie (her) auch sehr. Manchmal spielen sie
zusammen.
Anna und Max haben auch Freunde. Die Freunde besuchen sie (them) oft. Anna
und Max mögen sie (them) sehr.
English version
Anna has a dog. She loves him very much. She feeds him every morning. Her
brother Max has a cat. Anna likes him very much too. Sometimes they play
together.
Anna and Max also have friends. The friends visit them often. Anna and Max like
them very much.
                                                                                     54
                       The Dative Case
In this lesson, we learned about the dative case, "Der Dativ" in German. You use it
to indicate the indirect object of a verb. The indirect object is the recipient of the
action expressed by the verb. It shows to whom or for whom something happens.
For example, in the sentence "Ich gebe das Buch dem Freund" (I give the book to
the friend), "dem Freund" is the indirect object in the dative case.
Some verbs that are commonly used with the dative case are "geben" (to give) and
"helfen" (to help). For example, "Ich gebe meiner Mutter Blumen" (I give flowers to
my mother) and "Die Frau hilft dem Kind" (The woman helps the child).
In sentences with both accusative (direct object) and dative (indirect object), the
dative noun usually comes before the accusative noun, as in "Sie schreibt dem
Freund eine Nachricht" (She writes a message to a friend).
Dative case articles change from their nominative forms. You can look up the forms
in the table down below. The endings are also the same for the possessive
pronouns (mein, dein, etc.) and the negation "kein".
Also, certain prepositions, like "mit" (with), require the dative case. For example,
"Ich gehe mit der Freundin ins Kino" (I go to the cinema with the friend). But more
on that later.
                                                                                         55
                      The Dative Case
Adjectives in the dative case also change. They always end in "-en" for all genders
and both singular and plural forms. For example, "Ich gebe dem großen Mann
meine Nummer" (I give the big man my number).
                                                                                      56
Practice the dative case
📝Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct dative articles (dem, der, den, einem, einer).
Always write both the definite and indefinite article in the gap.
 1. Ich gebe ________ Mann das Geld. (I give the/a man the money.)
 2. Sie hilft ________ Frau. (She helps the/a woman)
 3. Wir gehen mit ________ Kindern in den Park. (We go to the park with the
    children.)
 4. Er schreibt ________ Lehrerin einen Brief. (He writes the/a teacher a letter.)
 5. Das Buch gehört ________ Freund. (The book belongs to the/a friend.)
📝Exercise 2:
Rewrite the sentences using the dative case for the indirect objects.
 1. Der Vater gibt (die Kinder) den Ball. (The father gives the children the ball.)
 2. Die Lehrerin erklärt (die Schüler) das Problem. (The teacher explains to the
    students the problem.)
 3. Ich kaufe (meine Mutter) Blumen. (I buy my mother flowers.)
 4. Er zeigt (sein Freund) das Bild. (He shows his friend the picture.)
 5. Wir schicken (die Großeltern) einen Brief. (We send the grandparents a letter.)
📝Advanced exercise 3:
Complete the sentences with the correct dative form of the given nouns.
                                                                                      57
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
                                                                              58
                      Dative Pronouns
In this lesson, we learned about the dative case for personal pronouns. You use it
to indicate the indirect object of a verb. The indirect object is the recipient of the
action and it shows to whom or for whom something is done.
For example, in the sentence "Ich gebe meiner Freundin ein Buch" (I give my
girlfriend a book), "meiner Freundin" is in the dative case. If we replace "meiner
Freundin" with a pronoun, it becomes "ihr" (I give her a book).
Here are the dative pronouns:
We also practiced using dative pronouns in questions and answers. For example,
"Schreibst du den Lehrern?" (Do you write to the teachers?) would be answered
with "Ja, ich schreibe ihnen" (Yes, I write to them).
                                                                                         59
Practice dative pronouns
📝Exercise 1:
Complete the sentences with the correct dative pronouns.
📝Exercise 2:
Rewrite the sentences by replacing the indirect object with the correct dative
pronoun.
 1. Ich gebe dem Mann das Essen. (I give the man the food.)
 2. Sie hilft den Kindern. (She helps the children.)
 3. Wir zeigen dem Touristen die Stadt. (We show the tourist the city.)
 4. Er schenkt der Freundin eine Uhr. (He gives his girlfriend a watch.)
 5. Du erklärst den Schülern die Regeln. (You explain the rules to the students.)
 6. Ich zeige den Gästen das Haus. (I show the guests around the house.)
 7. Ihr schickt dem Chef eine Nachricht. (You send a message to the boss.)
 8. Die Lehrerin erzählt der Klasse eine Geschichte. (The teacher tells the class a
    story.)
                                                                                      60
Practice dative pronouns
📝Exercise 3:
Correct the dative pronoun mistakes in the following sentences.
📝Advanced exercise 4:
Identify all the dative forms in the text.
Lisa und Tom haben ein schönes Wochenende. Am Samstag besuchen sie die
Freunde. Lisa gibt der Freundin Blumen. Tom schenkt einem Freund ein Buch. Sie
erzählen den Freunden Geschichten. Sie bringen der Mutter einen Kuchen und
geben dem Vater ein Geschenk.
Lisa gibt dem Kind ein Spielzeug. Tom zeigt dem Hund einen Ball. Sie haben viel
Spaß zusammen.
                                                                                  61
                                        🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Rewrite the sentences by replacing the indirect object with the correct dative
pronoun.
                                                                                 62
                                      🔐
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
Lisa und Tom haben ein schönes Wochenende. Am Samstag besuchen sie die
Freunde. Lisa gibt der Freundin Blumen. Tom schenkt einem Freund ein Buch. Sie
erzählen den Freunden Geschichten. Sie bringen der Mutter einen Kuchen und
geben dem Vater ein Geschenk.
Lisa gibt dem Kind ein Spielzeug. Tom zeigt dem Hund einen Ball. Sie haben viel
Spaß zusammen.
English version:
Lisa and Tom are having a nice weekend. On Saturday they visit their friends. Lisa
gives her friend flowers. Tom gives a friend a book. They tell their friends stories.
They bring their mother a cake and give their father a present.
Lisa gives the child a toy. Tom shows the dog a ball. They have lots of fun together.
                                                                                        63
                   Dative Prepositions
In German, prepositions often require the use of specific cases and the dative case
is no exception. Dative prepositions indicate location or direction.
There are 7 (+1) main dative prepositions that you need to know on the A1 level:
aus, bei, mit, nach, von, zu, and ab. Optionally, “seit” is considered an advanced
preposition.
 1. Aus (from): Used to indicate origin, such as a city or country. Example: "Ich
    komme aus Deutschland" (I come from Germany).
 2. Bei (at): Used to indicate location, typically with a person or place. Example: "Ich
    lebe bei meiner Freundin" (I live at my girlfriend’s place).
 3. Mit (with or by): Indicates accompaniment or means of transport. Example: "Ich
    gehe mit meinem Bruder ins Kino" (I'm going to the cinema with my brother).
 4. Nach (to or after): Indicates direction or time. Example: "Ich ziehe nach Berlin"
    (I'm moving to Berlin).
 5. Von (from or of): Indicates origin or possession. Example: "Das Geschenk ist
    von meiner Mutter" (The gift is from my mother).
 6. Zu (to or at): Indicates direction or time. Example: "Ich gehe zu Anna" (I'm going
    to Anna).
 7. Ab (from): Indicates a starting point in time. Example: "Ab 13 Uhr habe ich frei"
    (I'm free from 1 pm).
Use it to indicate the starting point of an action or situation that began in the past
and is still ongoing. It can refer to time, similar to "since" or "for" in English.
   Ich wohne seit 2020 in München. (I have been living in Munich since 2020.)
   Er lernt seit zwei Monaten Deutsch. (He has been learning German for two
   months.)
                                                                                           64
Practice dative prepositions
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct dative preposition (aus, bei, mit, nach, von, zu,
ab):
📝 Exercise 2:
Choose the correct preposition from the options provided:
📝 Exercise 3:
Correct the preposition mistakes in the following sentences.
                                                                                        65
                                       🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Das ist ein Brief von meiner Schwester. (That is a letter from my sister.)
 2. Ich bleibe bei meinem Freund. (I am staying with my friend.)
 3. Sie kommt aus Italien. (She comes from Italy.)
 4. Ich gehe nach Hause. (I am going home.)
 5. Wir sind seit zwei Monaten hier. (We have been here for two months.)
 6. Er fährt mit dem Fahrrad zur Arbeit. (He goes to work by bicycle.)
 7. Das Konzert beginnt ab 19 Uhr. (The concert starts at 7 PM.)
 8. Ich bin nach dem Mittagessen müde. (I am tired after lunch.)
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Ich komme bei Indien. → Ich komme aus Indien. (I come from India.)
 2. Er wohnt aus seiner Freundin. → Er wohnt bei seiner Freundin. (He lives with his
    girlfriend.)
 3. Sie fahren nach dem Auto. → Sie fahren mit dem Auto. (They drive by car.)
 4. Das Geschenk ist aus meinem Bruder. → Das Geschenk ist von meinem Bruder.
    (The gift is from my brother.)
 5. Wir sind mit ein Jahr hier. → Wir sind seit einem Jahr hier. (We have been here
    for a year.)
                                                                                       66
              Two-Way Prepositions
                                                                                       67
Practice two-way prepositions
📝 Exercise 1:
Complete the sentences by filling in the correct two-way preposition.
📝 Exercise 2:
Rewrite the sentences using the two-way preposition and the correct article in the
dative case.
📝 Exercise 3:
In each sentence below, there is a mistake in the use of the dative article. Correct
the mistakes. (Remember how the article changes in dative according to the noun
gender!)
                                                                                       68
                                    🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch. (The book is on the table.)
 2. Sie wartet an der Bushaltestelle. (She waits at the bus stop.)
 3. Der Hund schläft unter dem Sofa. (The dog sleeps under the sofa.)
 4. Der Schlüssel ist hinter der Tür. (The key is behind the door.)
 5. Er sitzt zwischen den Freunden. (He sits between the friends.)
 6. Wir treffen uns vor dem Kino. (We meet in front of the cinema.)
 7. Das Auto steht in der Garage. (The car is in the garage.)
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Die Lampe hängt an der Decke. (The lamp hangs from the ceiling.)
 2. Ich bin zwischen den Gebäuden. (I am between the buildings.)
 3. Sie sitzt auf der Bank im Park. (She sits on the bench in the park.)
 4. Der Mann steht vor dem Haus. (The man stands in front of the house.)
 5. Das Bild hängt neben dem Fenster. (The picture hangs next to the window.)
 6. Die Katze schläft unter dem Bett. (The cat sleeps under the bed.)
 7. Wir treffen uns vor dem Museum. (We meet at the museum.)
 8. Der Vogel ist in dem Käfig. (The bird is in the cage.)
                                                                                69
             Days, months & seasons
                                                     📆
   Montag (Monday)
   Dienstag (Tuesday)
   Mittwoch (Wednesday)
   Donnerstag (Thursday)
   Freitag (Friday)
   Samstag (Saturday)
   Sonntag (Sunday)
                                                     🎄
  März (March)
  April (April)
  Mai (May)
  Juni (June)
  Juli (July)
  August (August)
  September (September)
  Oktober (October)
  November (November)
  Dezember (December)
                                                     ❄️
Seasons (Jahreszeiten):
   Frühling (Spring)
   Sommer (Summer)
   Herbst (Fall)
   Winter (Winter)
                                                          70
Practice days, months & seasons
📝 Exercise 1:
Translate the following sentences into German:
 1. Today is Wednesday.
 2. Tomorrow is Monday.
 3. I have a meeting on Thursday.
 4. On Friday, I play tennis.
📝 Exercise 2:
Fill in the blanks with the correct month in German:
📝 Exercise 3:
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate day, month, or season:
📝 Advanced Exercise 4:
Read the following text and answer the questions below:
Mein Jahr
Im Januar habe ich Geburtstag. Im Winter schneit es oft. Ich mag den Schnee. Im
Frühling, im März, blühen die Blumen.
Im Sommer, im Juli, gehe ich zum Meer. Das Wetter ist warm und ich schwimme
gerne. Der Herbst beginnt im September. Im Herbst sind die Blätter bunt. Der
Herbst ist meine Lieblingsjahreszeit.
Questions:
 1. When is the person's birthday?
 2. What does the person like in winter?
 3. What does the person like do in July?
 4. Why does the person like fall?
 5. What is the person's favourite season?
                                                                                  71
                                       🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
                                                                           72
                    Forming the plural
In German, nouns have both singular (Einzahl) and plural (Mehrzahl) forms. To
form plurals, you need to know that plural nouns always use "die" as their article,
regardless of gender. Unlike English, which usually forms plurals by adding "-s,"
German has several methods for creating plurals. Here are some key strategies:
 1. Adding -e:
       Common for masculine and neuter nouns.
       Examples: Der Arm (die Arme), Der Schuh (die Schuhe).
 2. Adding -n or -en:
       Often used for nouns ending in -e, regardless of gender.
       Examples: Das Auge (die Augen), Die Lampe (die Lampen).
 3. Adding -n or -en for feminine nouns:
       Common for most feminine nouns.
       Examples: Die Nation (die Nationen), Die Blume (die Blumen).
 4. Adding -er for neuter nouns:
       Examples: Das Ei (die Eier), Das Kind (die Kinder).
 5. Nouns ending in -en, -chen, -el, -er:
       These nouns usually don’t change in the plural form.
       Examples: Das Mädchen (die Mädchen), Der Onkel (die Onkel).
 6. Adding -s for loan words, abbreviations and certain endings:
       Used for words borrowed from English/French and for nouns ending in -o, -
       y, -a, -i, and -u.
       Examples: Das Hotel (die Hotels), Die Party (die Partys). Die DVD (die DVDs)
Umlaut Changes
Some nouns change their vowels to an Umlaut (ä, ö, ü) in the plural form, especially
those ending in -e or -er in plural.
Learning the plural forms along with the noun gender will help you remember them
better. Practicing sentences by changing singular to plural also improves your
understanding of how articles and verbs change in German.
                                                                                       73
Practice forming the plural
Exercise 1:
Identify whether the following nouns are singular (Sg.) or plural (Pl.):
  1. der Computer
  2. die Lampe
  3. die Häuser
  4. das Fenster
  5. ein Buch
  6. die Tiger
Exercise 2:
Fill in the blanks with the correct plural form of the noun in parentheses:
  1. Die ___ (Hund) spielen im Garten.
  2. Ich habe viele ___ (Buch) zu Hause.
 3. Die ___ (Kind) lernen in der Schule.
 4. Wir kaufen frische ___ (Apfel).
Exercise 3:
Rewrite the following singular nouns as plural nouns.
  1. der Baum
  2. die Blume
  3. das Buch
  4. der Tisch
  5. das Bild
  6. die Katze
  7. das Fenster
  8. der Stuhl
  9. die Lampe
10. der Apfel
 11. das Auto
12. die Tasche
Exercise 4:
Each sentence below contains a mistake with the plural form. Identify and correct
the mistakes:
  1. Die Katzes spielen im Garten.
  2. Wir kaufen zwei Apfels.
  3. Die Tischs sind sehr alt.
  4. Viele Menschs sind auf der Straße.
  5. Die Auto stehen auf der Straße.
                                                                                    74
Practice forming the plural
Exercise 5:
Change the sentences from singular to plural, adjusting all articles, nouns and verbs
as needed:
Exercise 6:
Convert the given plural nouns into their singular forms:
Exercise 7:
Which nouns don’t change in Plural?
der Fernseher - das Buch - die Banane - das Mädchen - das Hobby - das Kind - der
Schlüssel - der Lehrer - die Tasche - der Mann - der Wagen - der Reifen - das
Fläschchen - der Verkäufer - die Tomate
                                                                                        75
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
                                                                       76
                                     🔐
Exercise 4 (solution):
   Die Katzes spielen im Garten. Correction: Die Katzen spielen im Garten. (The
   cats play in the garden.)
   Wir kaufen zwei Apfels. Correction: Wir kaufen zwei Äpfel. (We buy two
   apples.)
   Die Tischs sind sehr alt. Correction: Die Tische sind sehr alt. (The tables are
   very old.)
   Viele Menschs sind auf der Straße. Correction: Viele Menschen sind auf der
   Straße. (Many people are on the street.)
   Die Autos stehen auf die Straße. Correction: Die Autos stehen auf der Straße.
   (The cars are on the street.)
Exercise 5 (solution):
   Der Lehrer liest ein Buch. Plural: Die Lehrer lesen Bücher. (The teachers read
   books.)
   Das Kind spielt im Park. Plural: Die Kinder spielen in den Parks. (The children
   play in the parks.)
   Die Frau kauft eine Blume. Plural: Die Frauen kaufen Blumen. (The women buy
   flowers.)
   Der Student wohnt in einer Wohnung. Plural: Die Studenten wohnen in
   Wohnungen. (The students live in apartments.)
                                                                                     77
                                    🔐
Exercise 6 (solution):
Exercise 7 (solution):
   der Fernseher
   das Mädchen
   der Lehrer
   der Schlüssel
   der Reifen
   der Verkäufer
These nouns remain the same in both singular and plural forms.
                                                                 78
                           Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are special verbs that modify the main verb to indicate abilities,
necessities, or desires. There are six important modal verbs at the A1 level:
dürfen (may/be allowed to), können (can/be able to), müssen (must/have to), sollen
(should), wollen (want to), and möchten (would like to).
Modal verbs generally come before the main verb in a sentence, and the main verb
remains in its infinitive form. For example, "Ich kann Deutsch sprechen" means "I
can speak German," where "kann" is the conjugated modal verb and "sprechen"
remains in its infinitive form.
Each modal verb has its own meaning and usage:
Most of these modal verbs are irregular, so you need to memorize their
conjugations.
For example, "dürfen" changes to "ich darf, du darfst," and "können" changes to
"ich kann, du kannst" in the singular form. However, in the plural form, they follow
regular conjugation patterns. You can look up their conjugations in the irregular
verb list for A1.
                                                                                       79
Practice modal verbs
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct modal verb (dürfen, können, müssen, sollen,
wollen, möchten). Pay attention to the verb conjugation!
📝 Exercise 2:
Conjugate the modal verbs correctly and fill in the blanks.
📝 Exercise 3:
Identify the mistake in each sentence and correct it.
                                                                                  80
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. Ich möchte ein Buch lesen. (I would like to read a book.)
 2. Du musst deine Hausaufgaben machen. (You must do your homework.)
 3. Wir können ins Kino gehen. (We can go to the cinema.)
 4. Jakob soll früh ins Bett gehen. (Jacob should go to bed early.)
 5. Sie dürfen nicht laut sprechen. (They are not allowed to speak loudly.)
 6. Ihr wollt das Spiel spielen. (You all want to play the game.)
 7. Ich will ein neues Auto kaufen. (I want to buy a new car.)
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Ich darf heute Abend fernsehen. (I am allowed to watch TV this evening.)
 2. Du kannst sehr gut Deutsch sprechen. (You can speak German very well.)
 3. Der Mann muss jeden Tag arbeiten. (The man has to work every day.)
 4. Wir sollen mehr Gemüse essen. (We should eat more vegetables.)
 5. Ihr wollt nach Berlin fahren. (You all want to go to Berlin.)
 6. Sie möchten ein Glas Wasser. (They would like a glass of water.)
 7. Können Sie mir helfen? (Can you help me?)
 8. Ich kann das nicht tun. (I cannot do that.)
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Wir können ein Apfel essen.
        Wir können einen Apfel essen. (Apfel is masculine, so it should be "einen.")
 2. Sie sollt den Brief schicken.
        Sie soll den Brief schicken. ("sollt" should be "soll" for the third person
        singular.)
 3. Ich darfst nicht ins Kino gehen.
        Ich darf nicht ins Kino gehen. ("darfst" should be "darf" for the first person
        singular.)
 4. Er möchtest ein neues Handy kaufen.
        Er möchte ein neues Handy kaufen. ("möchtest" should be "möchte" for the
        third person singular.)
 5. Du muss die Tür schließen.
        Du musst die Tür schließen. ("muss" should be "musst" for the second
        person singular.)
 6. Wir wollt den Kuchen backen.
        Wir wollen den Kuchen backen. ("wollt" should be "wollen" for the first
        person plural.)
                                                                                         81
           Metrics & Measurements
In this lesson, we learned about basic metrics in German and how to combine them
with numbers to create measurements.
                                                                                   82
Practice metrics & measurements
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blank with the more realistic word.
📝 Exercise 2:
Convert the following measurements into the specified units in German:
📝 Exercise 3:
Complete the sentences with the correct measurements in German. Write the
number words in the gaps (e.g. "zwanzig" - twenty)
📝📣 Advanced exercise 4:
Describe your day using at least four different metrics in German. Write the
sentences down and speak them out. Include length, weight, volume, temperature,
or percentage.
For example:
 1. Ich trinke 200 Milliliter Saft zum Frühstück.
 2. Mein Computer wiegt 2,5 Kilogramm.
 3. Es ist 15 Grad Celsius.
 4. Ich laufe heute 3 Kilometer.
                                                                                  83
                                       🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. Die Banane wiegt 120 Gramm. (The banana weighs 120 grams.)
 2. Der Fluss ist 5 Kilometer lang. (The river is 5 kilometers long.)
 3. Ich trinke jeden Morgen 300 Milliliter Orangensaft. (I drink 300 milliliters of
    orange juice every morning.)
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Der Tisch ist ein Meter zwanzig hoch. (The table is 1.20 meters high.)
 2. Die Milchflasche enthält drei Liter. (The milk bottle contains 3 liter.)
 3. Die Temperatur draußen ist minus drei Grad Celsius. (The temperature outside
    is minus 3 degrees Celsius.)
 4. Die Strecke ist zehn Kilometer lang. (The distance is 10 kilometers long.)
 5. Die Mütze ist fünfzig Prozent reduziert. (The cap is 50 percent off.)
                                                                                      84
                                     Time
Germans often use the 24-hour clock but also understand the 12-hour format. The
key phrases for time are:
"Wie viel Uhr ist es?" (What time is it?) and "Wie spät ist es?" (How late is it?) for
asking the time.
When answering, you can use "Es ist [hour] Uhr" or just "Es ist [hour]."
For minutes, simply add the number of minutes after "Uhr" (e.g., "Es ist 5 Uhr
zwölf"). We also cover the "Half-Hour Trick," using "nach" (after) and "vor" (before)
for times close to the half-hour.
For example, "Viertel nach sieben" (7:15) and "Viertel vor drei" (2:45).
   "nach" (after)
   "vor" (before)
   "halb" (half)
                                                                                         85
Practice the time
📝 Exercise 1:
Write the following times in German:
   2:00 PM
   8:00 AM
   11:00 PM
   5:00 AM
📝 Exercise 2:
Write the following times in German in both formats (normal and half hour trick):
   3:15 Uhr
   9:45 Uhr
   13:30 Uhr
   7:20 Uhr
Example: 17:34 Uhr - Es ist fünf Uhr vierunddreißig. / Es ist vier nach halb sechs.
📝 Exercise 3:
Translate the following times using into the number format. Tip: you have to write
two times because you have the 12-hour and 24-hour clock!
                                                                                      86
Practice the time
📝 Advanced Exercise 4:
Read the following text and answer the questions below:
Mein Tagesablauf
Jeden Morgen stehe ich um 6:30 Uhr auf. Um 7:00 Uhr frühstücke ich und um 7:45
Uhr gehe ich zur Arbeit. Mein Arbeitstag beginnt um 8:00 Uhr. Um 12:00 Uhr mache
ich eine Mittagspause und esse etwas.
Nach der Arbeit gehe ich oft um 17:30 Uhr ins Fitnessstudio. Um 19:00 Uhr bin ich
zu Hause. Ich esse normalerweise um 19:30 Uhr.
Nach dem Abendessen lese ich ein Buch oder sehe fern. Um 22:00 Uhr gehe ich ins
Bett und schlafe um 22:30 Uhr ein.
Questions:
 1. What time does the person get up?
 2. When does the person have breakfast?
 3. When does the person's working day start?
 4. What time does the person have lunch?
 5. What time does the person go to the gym?
 6. What time does the person have dinner?
 7. What time does the person go to bed?
                                                                                    87
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solutions):
Exercise 2 (solutions):
Exercise 3 (solutions):
Exercise 4 (solution):
                                                                88
                   Currency & Money
In this lesson, we learned about money and currencies in German. The German
word for money is "das Geld," with "die Scheine" for bills and "die Münzen" for
coins. Germany uses the Euro (€) as its official currency. Euros are divided into
cents, with coins ranging from 1 cent to 2 euros and banknotes from 5€ to 500€.
💶 Common phrases:
   Ich bezahle mit Geld. (I pay with money.)
   Ich verliere nie mein Geld. (I never lose my money.)
   Mein Vater verdient viel Geld. (My father earns a lot of money.)
   Ich brauche dringend 100 Euro. (I urgently need 100 euros.)
   Im Supermarkt benutze ich die Kreditkarte. (In the supermarket I use the credit
   card.)
   Bei der Bank hebe ich Geld ab. (I withdraw money at the bank.)
                                                                                     89
Practice currency & money
📝 Exercise 1:
Complete the sentences with the correct German words (pay attention to the verb
conjugation!)
  1. Ich habe viele __________ (coins) in meiner Tasche.
 2. Die __________ (bills) sind in meiner Geldbörse.
 3. Ich __________ (pay) für das Essen mit meiner Kreditkarte.
 4. Er __________ (needs) 20 Euro für das Buch.
 5. Ich __________ (lose) mein Geld immer.
📝 Exercise 2:
Write the amount in numbers.
 1. Zehn Euro fünfzig: _______
 2. Zweiundzwanzig Euro: _______
 3. Drei Euro neunundneunzig: _______
 4. Einhundert Euro: _______
📝📣 Exercise 3:
Write one sentence in German about what you do with money today. Also speak it
out loud!
Sample Answer: Heute kaufe ich ein Buch für 15 Euro. (Today I buy a book for 15
euros.)
                                                                                  90
                                     🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. Ich habe viele Münzen in meiner Tasche. (I have many coins in my pocket.)
 2. Die Scheine sind in meiner Geldbörse. (The bills are in my wallet.)
 3. Ich bezahle für das Essen mit meiner Kreditkarte. (I pay for the food with my
    credit card.)
 4. Er braucht 20 Euro für das Buch. (He needs 20 euros for the book.)
 5. Ich verliere mein Geld immer. (I always lose my money.)
Exercise 2 (solution):
                                                                                    91
                                   Dates
In this lesson, we learned how to form dates in German. German dates are written
in the Day / Month / Year format, unlike the Month / Day / Year format in English.
For example, March 20th is written as "der 20. März."
   Ordinal Numbers:
      1st: erste, 2nd: zweite, 3rd: dritte
      4th to 19th: add "-te" (e.g., neunte, siebzehnte)
      20th and above: add "-ste" (e.g., dreiundzwanzigste, dreißigste)
   Months:
     Januar (January), Februar (February), März (March), etc.
   Years:
      After 2000: read as a whole number (e.g., 2019 is "zweitausendneunzehn")
      Before 2000: read in hundreds (e.g., 1901 is "neunzehnhunderteins")
   Date Formats:
      Written format: "der 01.10.2019" or "der erste Oktober
      zweitausendneunzehn" or "der 1. Oktober 2019"
      Use "am" (on) for dates in sentences: "Wir sehen uns am 01.10.2019."
📅 Example Sentences:
   Heute ist der elfte Februar. (Today is the eleventh of February.)
   Es ist der dritte März. (It is the third of March.)
   Morgen ist der zwölfte Februar. (Tomorrow is the twelfth of February.)
   Übermorgen ist der dreizehnte Februar. (The day after tomorrow is the
   thirteenth of February.)
                                                                                     92
Practice the dates
📝 Exercise 1:
Convert the following cardinal numbers to ordinal numbers in German
   1
   7
   15
   22
   31
📝 Exercise 2:
Write the following dates in German (full version):
📝 Exercise 3:
Complete the sentences with the correct date in German (e.g. 4. September 2003)
📝 Exercise 4:
Read the following dates and write them down in the correct German format.
                                                                                      93
                                     🔐
Exercise 1 (solutions):
   erste
   siebte
   fünfzehnte
   zweiundzwanzigste
   einunddreißigste
Exercise 2 (solutions):
Exercise 3 (solutions):
 1. Mein Geburtstag ist am 5. Juni 1987. (My birthday is on the 5th of June, 1987.)
 2. Weihnachten ist am 24. Dezember 2023 .
 3. (Christmas is on the 24th of December, 2023.)
 4. Der Unabhängigkeitstag in den USA ist am 4. Juli 1776. (Independence Day in
    the USA is on the 4th of July, 1776.)
 5. Der Tag der Deutschen Einheit ist am 3. Oktober 1990. (The Day of German
    Unity is on the 3rd of October, 1990.)
Exercise 4 (solutions):
                                                                                      94
                Possessive Pronouns
When using feminine and plural nouns, you simply add an "-e" to the end of the
pronoun:
There is one exception to remember: for the plural form of "your," use "eure"
instead of "euer."
                                                                                   95
Practice possessive pronouns
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive pronoun. Pay attention to the noun
genders!
📝 Exercise 2:
Choose the correct possessive pronoun to complete each sentence.
📝 Exercise 3:
Rewrite each sentence using the possessive pronoun provided.
                                                                                    96
Practice possessive pronouns
📝 Exercise 4:
Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
📝 Advanced exercise 5:
Fill in the correct possessive pronouns:
Hallo, ich heiße Anna. ___ (my) Familie ist sehr groß. Wir wohnen in einem großen
Haus. ___ (our) Haus hat viele Zimmer. ___ (my) Zimmer ist im ersten Stock. ___ (my)
Bruder heißt Tom. ___ (his) Zimmer ist neben meinem. ___ (our) Eltern haben das
größte Zimmer im Haus. ___ (their) Zimmer hat ein großes Fenster.
                                                                                       97
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
                                                         98
                                     🔐
Exercise 5 (solution):
Hallo, ich heiße Anna. Meine Familie ist sehr groß. Wir wohnen in einem großen
Haus. Unser Haus hat viele Zimmer. Mein Zimmer ist im ersten Stock. Mein Bruder
heißt Tom. Sein Zimmer ist neben meinem. Unsere Eltern haben das größte Zimmer
im Haus. Ihr Zimmer hat ein großes Fenster.
English version:
Hello, my name is Anna. My family is very big. We live in a big house. Our house has
many rooms. My room is on the second floor. My brother's name is Tom. His room
is next to mine. Our parents have the biggest room in the house. Their room has a
big window.
                                                                                       99
                               Weather
In this lesson, we learned essential vocabulary and phrases to discuss the weather
in German, a common topic for small talk.
                                                                       ⛈️
Basic Weather Vocabulary:
   Die Sonne (the sun) - sonnig (sunny)
   Die Wolken (the clouds) - wolkig (cloudy)
   Der Regen (the rain) - regnerisch (rainy)
   Der Wind (the wind) - windig (windy)
   Der Nebel (the fog) - neblig (foggy)
   Der Schnee (the snow) - schneien (to snow)
   Der Donner (the thunder) - donnern (to thunder)
   Warm (warm), kalt (cold), heiß (hot)
Common Phrases:
  Wie ist das Wetter heute? (How is the weather today?)
                                                                       ❄️
  Es ist sonnig. (It is sunny.)
  Es ist wolkig. (It is cloudy.)
  Es regnet. (It is raining.)
  Es schneit. (It is snowing.)
  Es ist windig. (It is windy.)
  Es ist warm. (It is warm.)
  Es ist kalt. (It is cold.)
  Es ist schönes Wetter. (It is nice weather.)
  Es ist schlechtes Wetter. (It is bad weather.)
Adding Details:
  Es ist ein bisschen bewölkt. (It is a little bit cloudy.)
  Es regnet stark. (It is raining heavily.)
  Es ist ziemlich kalt. (It is quite cold.)
  Es ist ziemlich grau und trüb heute. (It is pretty gray and gloomy today.)
                                                                                     100
Practice the weather
📝 Exercise 1:
Match the German weather terms with their English equivalents (write the pairs
down):
📝 Exercise 2:
Complete the sentences with the correct German weather vocabulary:
📝 Exercise 3:
Write the following sentences in German:
 1. It is 15 degrees Celsius.
 2. It is minus 3 degrees Celsius.
 3. It is 25 degrees Celsius.
 4. It is minus 10 degrees Celsius.
                                                                                 101
Practice the weather
📝 Advanced exercise 4:
Describe the current weather in your location using the vocabulary and phrases
learned. Write at least two sentences.
Sample Answer: Es ist sonnig und warm. Es hat 22 Grad. Der Himmel ist blau ohne
Wolken. (It is sunny and warm. It is 22 degrees. The sky is blue without clouds.)
📝 Advanced exercise 5:
Fill in the blanks to complete the dialogue:
Max: Hallo! __________ ist das ______ heute? (How is the weather today?)
Mara: Es ist __________ ________! Es ist __________ und __________. (It's pretty gray! It is
cloudy and foggy.)
Max: _____ _____! Das ist ___ so gut für unseren Ausflug. (Oh no! That’s not so good
for our trip.)
                                                                                               102
                                       🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
1-f
2-h
3-e
4-g
5-b
6-c
7-i
8-a
9-d
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Es hat 15 Grad.
 2. Es hat minus 3 Grad.
 3. Es hat 25 Grad.
 4. Es hat minus 10 Grad.
Exercise 5 (solution):
Max: Hallo! Wie ist das Wetter heute? (Hello! How is the weather today?)
Mara: Es ist ziemlich grau! Es ist bewölkt und neblig. (It's pretty gray! It is cloudy
and foggy.)
Max: Oh nein! Das ist nicht so gut für unseren Ausflug. (Oh no! That’s not so good
for our trip.)
                                                                                         103
                Hobbies & Free-Time
Example Sentences:
   Ich spiele gern Fußball. (I like playing soccer.)
   Ich gehe gern schwimmen. (I like going swimming.)
   Ich fahre heute Fahrrad. (I'm riding my bike today.)
   Ich male gerne. (I like to draw.)
   Ich lese gerne Bücher. (I like reading books.)
   Ich höre gerne gute Musik. (I like to listen to good music.)
   Ich gehe gerne im Park spazieren. (I like to go on a walk in the park.)
Helpful Phrases:
   Was machst du gern in deiner Freizeit? (What do you like to do in your free
   time?)
   Mein Hobby ist... (My hobby is...)
    🎾 🚴🏻♂️ 🏀 🎨
                                                                                 104
Practice hobbies & free-time
📝 Exercise 1:
Match the German hobby with its English translation:
📝 Exercise 2:
Complete the sentences with the correct hobby/verb in German:
📝 Exercise 3:
Look at the following hobbies and form sentences about in the first person (ich - I)
and also use “gerne”. Pay attention to the verb conjugation and word order!
 1. wandern (hiking)
 2. Fußball spielen (playing soccer)
 3. ins Fitnessstudio gehen (going to the gym)
For example: laufen (to run) - Ich laufe gerne. (I like running.)
                                                                                       105
Practice hobbies & free-time
📝 Advanced exercise 4:
Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks with hobbies in German:
Alex: Hallo! Was machst du gern in deiner _______? (Hi! What do you like to do in
your free time?)
You: Hallo Alex! In meiner Freizeit __________ ich gern. (Hi Alex! In my free time, I like
to draw.)
Alex: Das klingt interessant! Was machst du noch _____? (That sounds interesting!
What else do you like to do?)
You: Ich __________ auch gern und _____ _______. (I also like to run and play
volleyball.)
📝 Advanced Exercise 5:
Read the following text and answer the questions below:
Lena’s Hobbies
Lena hat viele Hobbys. In ihrer Freizeit kocht sie gern und spielt Schach. Am
Wochenende geht sie oft wandern. Lena schaut auch jede Woche Filme zuhause.
Lena findet ihre Hobbys interessant.
Questions:
  What does Lena like to do in her free time?
  What does Lena often do at the weekend?
  What does Lena like to do at home?
                                                                                             106
                                        🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
1-c
2-d
3-f
4-e
5-g
6-b
7-a
8-h
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Ich lese gern Bücher. (I like reading books.)
 2. Mein Bruder spielt gern Fußball. (My brother likes playing soccer.)
 3. Meine Schwester hört gern Musik. (My sister likes listening to music.)
 4. Wir spazieren gern im Park. (We like to go for a walk in the park.)
 5. Max kocht gerne. (Max likes cooking.)
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Ich wandere gerne.
 2. Ich spiele gerne Fußball.
 3. Ich gehe gerne ins Fitnessstudio.
Exercise 4 (solution):
Alex: Hallo! Was machst du gern in deiner Freizeit? (Hi! What do you like to do in
your free time?)
You: Hallo Alex! In meiner Freizeit zeichne ich gern. (Hi Alex! In my free time, I like
to draw.)
Alex: Das klingt interessant! Was machst du noch gern? (That sounds interesting!
What else do you like to do?)
You: Ich laufe auch gern und spiele Volleyball. (I also like to run and play
volleyball.)
Exercise 5 (solution):
 1. In her free time, Lena likes to cook and play chess. (In ihrer Freizeit kocht Lena
    gern und spielt Schach.)
 2. At the weekend, Lena often goes hiking. (Am Wochenende geht Lena oft
    wandern.)
 3. At home, Lena likes to watch movies. (Lena schaut auch jede Woche Filme
    zuhause.)
                                                                                          107
                             The House
Furniture:
   das Sofa (the sofa)
   die Couch (the couch)
   der Sessel (the armchair)
   der Tisch (the table)
   der Fernseher (the TV)
   das Bett (the bed)
   der Schrank (the closet)
   die Lampe (the lamp)
   der Herd (the stove)
   der Kühlschrank (the fridge)
   der Esstisch (the dining table)
   der Stuhl (the chair)
   die Mikrowelle (the microwave)
   die Dusche (the shower)
   die Badewanne (the bathtub)
   die Toilette (the toilet)
   das Waschbecken (the sink)
Helpful Phrases:
   Wo ist…? (Where is…?)
   Das ist… (This is…)
   Das Zimmer ist klein/groß. (The room is small/large.)
Example Description:
   Ich bin gerade in meinem Zimmer. (I am currently in my room.)
   Mein Zimmer ist groß. (My room is large.)
   In meinem Zimmer ist ein schwarzes Bett und ein weißer Tisch. (In my room,
   there is a black bed and a white table.)
   Mein Stuhl ist sehr gemütlich. (My chair is very comfortable.)
   Ich habe einen weißen Schrank. (I have a white closet.)
                                                                                    108
Practice the house
📝 Exercise 1:
Complete the sentences with the correct German words:
📝 Exercise 2:
Sentence jumble. Form sentences using the given words:
📝 Exercise 3:
Identify the room described in each sentence:
                                                             109
Practice the house
📝 Exercise 4:
Choose the correct answer for each question:
1. Wo schläfst du?
    a) Im Wohnzimmer
    b) Im Schlafzimmer
    c) In der Küche
2. Wo kochst du?
    a) Im Badezimmer
    b) Im Flur
    c) In der Küche
3. Wo sitzt du auf dem Sofa?
    a) Im Schlafzimmer
    b) Im Wohnzimmer
    c) Im Garten
4. Wo duschst du?
    a) Im Badezimmer
    b) Im Schlafzimmer
    c) In der Küche
5. Wo steht der Esstisch?
    a) Im Esszimmer
    b) Im Schlafzimmer
    c) Im Badezimmer
📝 Exercise 5:
Describe your room in at least five sentences.
                                                 110
                                     🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
 1. b) Im Schlafzimmer
 2. c) In der Küche
 3. b) Im Wohnzimmer
 4. a) Im Badezimmer
 5. a) Im Esszimmer
                                                                         111
            Countries & Nationalities
Germany as an example:
     Country: Deutschland
     Nationality: Deutscher (male), Deutsche (female)
     Language: Deutsch
     Adjective: deutsch
Useful Phrases:
   Wo kommen Sie her?(Where are you from?)
       Ich komme aus Deutschland. (I come from Germany.)
       Ich komme aus Frankreich. (I come from France.)
   Sind Sie deutsch? (Are you German?)
   Sprechen Sie Französisch? (Do you speak French?)
                                                                        112
Practice countries & nationalities
📝 Exercise 1:
Write down the names of 3 countries you'd like to visit. Then, using the phrases we
learned today, write two sentences about where you want to go and why.
Sample Answer:
 1. Japan - Ich möchte nach Japan gehen. Ich mag die Kultur . (I want to go to
    Japan. I like the culture.)
 2. Spanien - Ich möchte nach Spanien fliegen. Das Wetter ist schön . (I want fly to
    Spain. The weather is nice.)
📝 Exercise 2:
Complete the sentences with the correct country, nationality, language, or
adjective:
📝 Exercise 3:
Write down the correct nationality (male & female) and language for the country
 1. Spanien
 2. Italien
 3. Russland
 4. Japan
 5. China
                                                                                       113
Practice countries & nationalities
📝 Exercise 4:
Determine if the following statements are true or false:
📝 Exercise 5:
Complete the dialogue with the correct words:
Person A: Guten Morgen! Woher __________ Sie? (Where are you from?)
Person B: Guten Morgen! Ich __________ aus Italien. (I come from Italy.)
Person A: Sind Sie __________? (Are you Italian (female)?)
Person B: Ja, ich bin __________ und spreche __________. (Yes, I am Italian (female)
and speak Italian.)
                                                                                       114
                                         🔐
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Ich komme aus Deutschland. (I come from Germany.)
 2. Ich bin Franzose. (I am French.)
 3. Ich spreche Spanisch. (I speak Spanish.)
 4. Mein Auto ist deutsch. (My car is German.)
 5. Ich fahre nächsten Monat nach Frankreich. (I am going to France next month.)
Exercise 3 (solution):
1. Spanien (Spain)
     Nationality: Spanier / Spanierin (male / female)
     Language: Spanisch (Spanish)
2. Italien (Italy)
     Nationality: Italiener / Italienerin (male / female)
     Language: Italienisch (Italian)
3. Russland (Russia)
     Nationality: Russe / Russin (male / female)
     Language: Russisch (Russian)
4. Japan
     Nationality: Japaner / Japanerin (male / female)
     Language: Japanisch (Japanese)
5. China
     Nationality: Chinese / Chinesin (male / female)
     Language: Chinesisch (Chinese)
Exercise 4 (solution):
 1. True
 2. False (it should be "Deutscher", the male version because of the article "ein")
 3. True
 4. True
 5. False (it should be japanisch. "Japaner" is the male Japanese)
Exercise 5 (solution):
Person A: Guten Morgen! Woher kommen Sie? (Good morning! Where are you
from?)
Person B: Guten Morgen! Ich komme aus Italien. (Good morning! I come from Italy.)
Person A: Sind Sie Italienerin? (Are you Italian (female)?)
Person B: Ja, ich bin Italienerin und spreche Italienisch. (Yes, I am Italian (female)
and speak Italian.)
                                                                                         115
                              Negations
When negating verbs and adjectives with "nicht," it comes before the verb or
adjective. For example: "Das Essen schmeckt nicht gut" (The food doesn't taste
good) or "Ich gehe nicht" (I don't walk).
For negating nouns with "kein," it follows the declension rules of the indefinite
articles (ein, eine, ein), such as "Ich esse keinen Apfel" (I don't eat an apple) or
"Das ist keine Katze" (That is not a cat).
We also learned that "kein" also changes its form to agree with the gender and
case of the noun it negates, just like the indefinite articles. For example, "kein"
becomes "keinen" in the accusative masculine form, as in "Ich esse keinen Apfel."
When there is an adjective describing the noun, such as "schönes Auto" (beautiful
car), we use "kein" to negate the noun, as in "Ich habe kein schönes Auto" (I don't
have a beautiful car).
While most cases follow these rules, there are exceptions where both "nicht" and
"kein" can be used interchangeably, such as in sentences like "Ich spiele keine
Trompete" and "Ich spiele nicht Trompete" (I don't play the trumpet).
       KEIN
         (negate nouns)
                                     vs             NICHT
                                                   (negate adjectives & verbs)
                                                                                       116
Practice negations
📝 Exercise 1:
Sentence jumble. Form a correct positive sentence and also write down the
negated version of it.
📝 Exercise 2:
Decide whether you would use "nicht" (not) or "kein" (no/not any) to negate the
sentence, and explain your reasoning:
📝 Exercise 3:
Fill in the blanks with either "nicht" or "kein" (also conjugated form of it) to complete
the sentences correctly.
                                                                                            117
Practice negations
📝 Advanced Exercise 4:
Fill in the blanks in the following dialogue with "nicht" or "kein" as appropriate.
Frau Müller:   Guten Tag, Herr Schmidt. Gehen Sie _____ heute mit zum Meeting?
Herr Schmidt: Nein, tut mir leid, Frau Müller. Ich kann heute _____ mitkommen. Ich
               habe _____ Zeit.
Frau Müller: Schade. Sehen wir uns dann später bei der Präsentation?
Herr Schmidt: Nein, das geht leider _____ . Ich habe _____ Zeit mich für die
              Präsentation vorzubereiten. Sehen Sie _____ Herrn Jona?
Frau Müller:   Herr Jona? Nein, der arbeitet _____ in unserem Büro. Ich treffe ihn _____
Herr Schmidt: Verstehe. Dann vielleicht morgen in der Mittagspause?
Frau Müller:   Morgen mache ich Pause, aber ich esse _____ in der Kantine. Ich
               bringe immer mein Essen von zu Hause mit.
                                                                                           118
                                     🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
                                                                                      119
                                       🔐
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
Frau Müller:   Guten Tag, Herr Schmidt. Gehen Sie nicht heute mit zum Meeting?
Herr Schmidt: Nein, tut mir leid, Frau Müller. Ich kann heute nicht mitkommen. Ich
               habe keine Zeit.
Frau Müller:   Schade. Sehen wir uns dann später bei der Präsentation?
Herr Schmidt: Nein, das geht leider nicht. Ich habe keine Zeit mich für die
               Präsentation vorzubereiten. Sehen Sie nicht Herrn Jona?
Frau Müller:   Herr Jona? Nein, der arbeitet nicht in unserem Büro. Ich treffe ihn
               nicht.
Herr Schmidt: Verstehe. Dann vielleicht morgen in der Mittagspause?
Frau Müller:   Morgen mache ich Pause, aber ich esse nicht in der Kantine. Ich
               bringe immer mein Essen von zu Hause mit.
English version:
Ms. Müller: Good afternoon, Mr. Schmidt. Aren't you going to the meeting today?
Mr. Schmidt: No, I'm sorry, Mrs. Müller. I can't come with you today. I don't have
time.
Mrs. Müller: That's too bad. Will I see you later at the presentation?
Mr. Schmidt: No, unfortunately that's not possible. I don't have time to prepare for
               the presentation. Can't you see Mr. Jona?
Mrs. Müller: Mr. Jona? No, he doesn't work in our office. I don't see him.
Mr. Schmidt: I see. Then maybe tomorrow during your lunch break?
Ms. Müller:    I'm taking a break tomorrow, but I don't eat in the canteen. I always
               bring my lunch from home.
                                                                                       120
                                   Colors
In this lesson, we covered the vocabulary for colors in German. "Die Farben."
Understanding colors is crucial for describing different aspects of daily life, such as
clothing and surroundings.
We explored shades of colors by adding "hell" (light) or "dunkel" (dark) before the
color word, such as "hellblau" (light blue) or "dunkelgrün" (dark green).
There are also special colors such as Silber (silver), Gold (gold). These colors often
find application in describing specific materials or objects.
The favourite color is "Die Lieblingsfarbe". Meine Lieblingsfarbe ist blau (My
favourite color is blue).
                                                                                          121
Practice colors
📝 Exercise 1:
Practice describing the shades of the following colors using "Hell" (light) and
"Dunkel" (dark):
 1. blue
 2. green
 3. red
 4. brown
📝📣 Exercise 2:
Imagine you're having a conversation with a friend. Share your favorite color
(Lieblingsfarbe) with them in German and ask for theirs.
For example: Meine Lieblingsfarbe ist blau. Was ist deine Lieblingsfarbe?
📝 Exercise 3:
Fill in the gaps with the correct color (remember, in some cases, the color needs to
be conjugated like an adjective).
                                                                                       122
                                     🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. Blau (blue)
       Hellblau (light blue)
       Dunkelblau (dark blue)
 2. Grün (green)
       Hellgrün (light green)
       Dunkelgrün (dark green)
 3. Rot (red)
       Hellrot (light red)
       Dunkelrot (dark red)
 4. Braun (brown)
       Hellbraun (light brown)
       Dunkelbraun (dark brown)
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Die rote Rose duftet wunderbar. (The red rose smells wonderful.)
 2. Der Himmel ist heute strahlend blau. (The sky is bright blue today.)
 3. Die gelbe Banane schmeckt süß. (The yellow banana tastes sweet.)
 4. Das Haus hat eine schwarze Tür. (The house has a black door.)
 5. Das Auto ist orange. (The car is orange.)
 6. Die Katze hat graue Augen. (The cat has grey eyes.)
 7. Das Hemd ist dunkelgrün. (The shirt is dark green.)
                                                                           123
                         Supermarket
Useful Phrases:
   Ich gehe zum Supermarkt. (I go to the supermarket.)
   Wo finde ich...? (Where can I find...?)
   Können Sie mir bitte helfen? (Can you help me, please?)
   Ich suche... (I'm looking for...)
   Wie viel kostet das? (How much does this cost?)
    🛒 🍎 🥤 🥨
                                                                                    124
Practice the supermarket
📝 Exercise 1:
Create a shopping list in German with the vocabulary learned in the lesson (include 5
items)
📝 Exercise 2:
Complete the sentences with the correct German word:
📝 Exercise 3:
Determine if the following statements are true or false:
📝 Exercise 4:
Write a full sentence in German for each item and its price to indicate how much it
costs.
                                                                                        125
Practice the supermarket
📝 Exercise 5:
Complete the dialogue with the correct phrases:
📝 Advanced exercise 6:
Answer the following questions in full sentences about your favorite meals in
German:
                                                                                         126
                                     🔐
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Ich gehe zum Supermarkt. (supermarket)
 2. Wo finde ich die Milch? (milk)
 3. Ich suche die Schokolade. (chocolate)
 4. Die Bananen sind lecker. (bananas)
 5. Wie viel kostet das Brot? (bread)
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. True
 2. False (Der Käse is cheese)
 3. False (Die Süßigkeiten are sweets)
 4. True
 5. False (Die Tomate is a vegetable)
Exercise 4 (solution):
 1. Die Banane kostet ein Euro fünfzig. (The banana costs 1.50€.)
 2. Das Brot kostet zwei Euro fünfundsiebzig. (The bread costs 2.75€.)
 3. Die Milch kostet ein Euro zwanzig. (The milk costs 1.20€.)
 4. Der Apfel kostet achtzig Cent. (The apple costs 0.80€.)
 5. Die Schokolade kostet drei Euro. (The chocolate costs 3.00€.)
 6. Das Wasser kostet neunzig Cent. (The water costs 0.90€.)
Exercise 5 (solution):
Person A: Entschuldigung.
Person B: Ja, bitte?
Person A: Wo finde ich die Milch?
Person B: Die Milch ist im hinteren Teil des Supermarktes.
Person A: Danke schön. Auf Wiedersehen.
Person B: Auf Wiedersehen.
                                                                                127
                             Body parts
Example Sentences:
   Mein Rücken schmerzt. (My back hurts.)
   Er hat ein hübsches Gesicht. (He has a handsome face.)
   Du hast so lange Haare! (You have such long hair!)
   Unsere Kinder haben grüne Augen. (Our children have green eyes.)
    ✋ 👄 🦶 👁️
                                                                            128
Practice the body parts
📝 Exercise 1:
Complete the sentences with the correct German body part:
📝 Exercise 2:
Choose the correct German word for each body part (also with new vocab!):
                                                                            129
Practice the body parts
📝 Exercise 3:
Determine if the following statements are true or false:
📝 Exercise 4:
Translate the following symptoms into English:
📝 Exercise 5:
Sentence jumble. Form sentences using the given words:
                                                           130
                                       🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. Ich habe lange Haare. (I have long hair.)
 2. Mein Bauch tut weh. (My stomach hurts.)
 3. Ich spiele Gitarre mit meinen Fingern. (I play guitar with my fingers.)
 4. Ich laufe mit meinen Füßen. (I walk with my feet.)
 5. Ich trage eine Uhr an meinem Arm. (I wear a watch on my arm.)
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. b) Die Schulter
 2. a) Das Knie
 3. a) Der Zahn
 4. c) Die Zunge
 5. b) Die Brust
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. True
 2. False (The arm is not on the face)
 3. True
 4. True
 5. False (The hair is not on the back)
Exercise 4 (solution):
 1. My head hurts.
 2. I have a sore throat.
 3. My back hurts.
 4. My legs are tired.
 5. My eyes are dry.
Exercise 5 (solution):
 1. Ich rieche mit der Nase. (I smell with the nose.)
 2. Ich sehe mit den Augen. (I see with the eyes.)
 3. Menschen haben zehn Finger. (Humans have ten fingers.)
 4. Ich laufe mit zwei Beinen. (I walk with two legs.)
 5. Er trägt eine Uhr am Arm. (He is wearing a watch on the arm.)
                                                                              131
                       Transportation
Useful Phrases:
   Wie komme ich nach + location? (How do I get to + location?)
   Wo ist die Bushaltestelle? (Where is the bus stop?)
   Wo ist der Bahnhof? (Where is the train station?)
   Ein Ticket nach München bitte. (One ticket to Munich, please.)
   Ich nehme die Bahn um 13:30 Uhr. (I take the train at 1:30 pm.)
   An welchem Bahnhof steige ich aus? (At which train station do I get off?)
   Wie komme ich zum Flughafen? (How can I get to the airport?)
    🛥️ 🚗 🚃 🛩️
                                                                                       132
Practice the transportation
📝 Exercise 1:
Take three words that you have learned in this lesson and form a basic sentence
with each.
📝 Exercise 2:
Complete the sentences with the correct German word:
📝 Exercise 3:
Translate the following sentences into German:
📝 Exercise 4:
Unscramble the words to form correct sentences in German:
                                                                                  133
Practice the transportation
📝 Advanced exercise 5:
Read the following text and answer the questions below:
Maria's Day
Maria wohnt in Dresden. Sie geht zu Fuß zur Schule. Nach der Schule fährt sie mit
dem Bus nach Hause. Am Wochenende fährt sie mit dem Fahrrad in den Park.
Manchmal nimmt sie das Auto zum Supermarkt.
Questions:
  Where does Maria live?
  How does Maria go to school?
  Which means of transport does Maria take after school?
  What does Maria do on the weekend?
  Which means of transport does Maria take to the supermarket?
                                                                                    134
                                       🔐
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
 1. Ich fahre mit dem Auto zur Arbeit. (I drive to work by car.)
 2. Das Flugzeug ist schnell. (The airplane is fast.)
 3. Ich brauche ein Ticket nach Berlin. (I need a ticket to Berlin.)
 4. Ich nehme den Bus um 13:30 Uhr. (I take the bus at 1:30 pm.)
 5. Wo ist die Bushaltestelle? (Where is the bus stop?)
Exercise 5 (solution):
                                                                       135
                 Personal Information
In this lesson, we learned how to talk about personal information in German. This
includes important details like your name, address, phone number, birthday,
birthplace, age, family status, and nationality. These words are crucial for everyday
conversations and filling out forms in Germany.
To start, we use "Ich heiße" followed by your name to introduce yourself, like "Ich
heiße Max" (My name is Max).
For your address, you can say "Ich wohne in + city" or provide the full address,
including the street, house number, postal code, and city, as in "Ich wohne in der
Musterstraße 10, 10117 Berlin."
When talking about your phone number, use "Meine Telefonnummer ist" followed
by the digits. For example, "Meine Telefonnummer ist 089 3457 1134 456."
For your birthday, say "Mein Geburtstag ist am" followed by the date, like "Mein
Geburtstag ist am 1. Januar 2003" (My birthday is on January 1, 2003).
Your birthplace is expressed with "Mein Geburtsort ist + city," such as "Mein
Geburtsort ist Berlin." To state your age, use "Ich bin ... Jahre alt," for example, "Ich
bin 25 Jahre alt" (I am 25 years old).
Family status can be described using four key adjectives: "ledig" (single),
"verheiratet" (married), "geschieden" (divorced), and "verwitwet" (widowed). For
example, "Ich bin verheiratet" (I am married).
Lastly, for nationality, you can say "Ich bin + nationality," like "Ich bin Deutscher" (I
am German), or "Ich komme aus + country," like "Ich komme aus Italien" (I come
from Italy).
    📍 📞 🎂 🇩🇪
                                                                                            136
Practice personal information
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct personal information words from the list below:
(Name, Adresse, Telefonnummer, Geburtstag, Geburtsort, Alter, Familienstand,
Nationalität):
📝 Exercise 2:
Match the beginning of each sentence to its correct ending.
   1. Ich heiße
  2. Ich wohne in der
  3. Meine Telefonnummer ist
  4. Mein Geburtstag ist am
  5. Mein Geburtsort ist
  6. Ich bin
  7. Ich bin geschieden und
  8. Ich komme aus
a. 040 6789 1234.
b. 15. März 1995.
c. Anna.
d. Frankfurt.
e. Hauptstraße 20, 60313 Frankfurt.
f. 29 Jahre alt.
g. habe keine Kinder.
h. Frankreich.
                                                                                      137
Practice personal information
📝 Exercise 3:
Write sentences about yourself using the following prompts:
   Your name
   Your address
   Your phone number
   Your birthday
   Your birthplace
   Your age
   Your family status
   Your nationality
📝 Advanced Exercise 4:
Reading comprehension. Read the text and answer the questions.
Hallo! Mein Name ist Paul. Ich wohne in der Blumenstraße 12, 80331 München. Meine
Telefonnummer ist 089 1234 5678. Mein Geburtstag ist am 10. April 1990. Ich bin 34
Jahre alt. Mein Geburtsort ist Hamburg. Ich bin ledig und habe keine Kinder. Ich
komme aus Deutschland.
Questions:
  What is the man's name?
  Where does he live?
  What is his phone number?
  When is his birthday?
  How old is he?
  Where is he born?
  Is he married?
  Where does he come from?
                                                                                     138
                                     🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
                                                         139
                          Conjunctions
We started with "und" (and), which connects words, phrases, or sentences with
similar ideas. For example, "Ich mag Pizza und Sushi" (I like pizza and sushi).
Another useful conjunction is "oder" (or), which gives you a choice between
alternatives, like "Möchtest du Kaffee oder Tee?" (Would you like coffee or tea?).
We also learned "aber" (but), which introduces a contrast between two ideas. For
example, "Ich mag Pizza, aber ich esse kein Fleisch" (I like pizza, but I don't eat
meat).
It's important to remember to use a comma before "aber" when connecting
sentences.
Using these conjunctions doesn't change the normal sentence structure. Just place
the conjunction between the two parts you're connecting. Conjunctions can also be
used at the beginning of a sentence to connect ideas in meaning, even if they are
not connected on paper.
                                                                                      140
Practice conjunctions
📝 Exercise 1:
Choose the best fitting conjunction ("und," "oder," "aber") for each sentence.
📝 Exercise 2:
Connect each pair of ideas using the appropriate conjunction ("und," "oder," "aber").
📝 Exercise 3:
Determine if the following sentences are true or false.
                                                                                        141
Practice conjunctions
📝 Advanced exercise 4:
Rearrange the words to form correct sentences using the given conjunction.
📝 Advanced exercise 5:
Translate the following sentences into German using the appropriate conjunctions.
                                                                                    142
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. Er fährt mit dem Fahrrad, aber das Wetter ist schlecht.
 2. Möchtest du Wasser oder Saft trinken?
 3. Ich spiele Gitarre, aber ich singe nicht gern.
 4. Wir gehen ins Museum, und danach essen wir im Restaurant.
 5. Sie liest gern Bücher, und sie schreibt auch gern Geschichten.
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Die Sonne scheint, aber es ist kalt.
 2. Wir können einen Spaziergang machen oder wir können fernsehen.
 3. Ich liebe Schokolade, aber ich esse sie nicht oft.
 4. Du lernst Deutsch, und du sprichst es gut.
 5. Peter geht zur Arbeit, aber er ist müde.
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. False ("und" connects words, phrases and sentences with similar ideas)
 2. True
 3. False ("aber" means "but" in English)
 4. True
 5. True
Exercise 4 (solution):
 1. Ich mag Pizza und du magst Pasta. (I like Pizza and you like Pasta.)
 2. Möchtest du ins Kino gehen oder ins Theater? (Do you want to go to the cinema
    or to the theater?)
 3. Sie spielt Fußball, aber sie spielt nicht Tennis. (She plays soccer but she doesn't
    play tennis.)
Exercise 5 (solution):
 1. Ich mag Äpfel und Orangen.
 2. Möchtest du Tee oder Kaffee?
 3. Sie ist schlau, aber faul.
 4. Wir können in den Park gehen oder zu Hause bleiben.
 5. Er ist freundlich und hilfsbereit.
                                                                                          143
                        Furniture Store
In this lesson, we learned how to shop for furniture in a German store, "das
Möbelhaus."
When you enter the store, a salesperson might greet you with "Guten Tag,
willkommen bei Möbel Schmitt!" (Good day, welcome to Möbel Schmitt!).
You can respond politely with "Guten Tag, ja, vielen Dank." (Good day, yes, thank
you very much.) if you need help, or "Nein, danke, ich schaue mich erstmal um."
(No, thank you, I'm just looking around for now.) if you prefer to look around on
your own.
We went over some common furniture items and how to describe them. For
example, "das Sofa" (the sofa) is big and soft, "der Tisch" (the table) can be a
"Holztisch" (wooden table) or "Steintisch" (stone table), and "das Bett" (the bed) is
comfortable.
If you want to ask about a specific item, you can say "Entschuldigung, wie viel
kostet dieser Sessel?" (Excuse me, how much does this armchair cost?).
We also learned how to describe the materials that furniture is made from, using
phrases like "aus Holz" (made of wood), "aus Leder" (made of leather), and "aus
Metall" (made of metal).
If you find something you like, you can say "Ich nehme den Sessel. Kann ich ihn
bitte bezahlen?" (I'll take the armchair. Can I pay for it now?) and ask about delivery
with "Können Sie den Tisch bitte liefern?" (Can you deliver the table please?).
Finally, when you finish shopping, it's polite to say goodbye: "Auf Wiedersehen, und
vielen Dank!" (Goodbye, and thank you very much!) or "Bis zum nächsten Mal!" (See
you next time!).
    🛋️ 🛏️ 🪑 🪞
                                                                                          144
Practice furniture store
📝 Exercise 1:
Match the German furniture word to its English equivalent.
📝 Exercise 2:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate German words or phrases.
 1. ________, wie viel kostet dieser Sessel? (Excuse me, how much does this armchair
    cost?)
 2. Ich suche einen Tisch ________ Holz. (I am looking for a table made of wood.)
 3. ________ Sie den Tisch bitte liefern? (Can you deliver the table?)
 4. ________, danke, ich schaue mich erstmal um. (No, thank you, I'm just looking
    around for now.)
 5. Der Sessel ist ________ Leder. (The armchair is made of leather.)
 6. ________, willkommen bei Möbel Schmitt! (Good day, welcome to Möbel Schmitt!)
 7. Der Tisch ist ________ und ________. (The table is small and wooden.)
 8. ________ Stuhl ist sehr bequem. (The chair is very comfortable.)
📝 Exercise 3:
Translate the following sentences into German.
                                                                                       145
Practice furniture store
📝 Exercise 4:
Describe the following items in German using the provided adjectives.
📝 Advanced Exercise 5:
Complete the dialogue with appropriate words or phrases.
                                                                                            146
                                     🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
                                                     147
                                      🔐
Exercise 5 (solution):
Salesperson: Guten Tag, kann ich Ihnen helfen? (Hello, can I help you?)
You: Guten Tag, ja, vielen Dank. Ich suche einen Tisch. (Hello, yes, thank you very
much. I am looking for a table.)
Salesperson: Natürlich. Was für einen Tisch suchen Sie? (Of course. What kind of
table are you looking for?)
You: Ich suche einen Tisch aus Holz. (I am looking for a wooden table.)
Salesperson: Wir haben einen Holztisch hier. Er kostet 150 Euro. (We have a
wooden table here. It costs 150 euros.)
You: Das ist perfekt. Ich nehme den Tisch. Kann ich ihn bitte bezahlen? (That's
perfect. I'll take the table. Can I pay for it, please?)
Salesperson: Ja, natürlich. Folgen Sie mir bitte zur Kasse. (Yes, of course. Please
follow me to the checkout.)
You: Auf Wiedersehen, und vielen Dank! (Goodbye, and thank you very much!)
                                                                                      148
               Family & Relationships
                                                                       👩🏻💼
   Der Mensch - the person
   Die Frau - the woman
   Der Mann - the man
However, "Freund" and "Freundin" can also refer to romantic partners, so it's
sometimes necessary to specify by saying:
   Mein Partner - my partner (male)
   Meine Partnerin - my partner (female)
Next, we discussed family vocabulary. "Die Familie" means the family, and key
family members include:
                                                                       👦🏻
   Der Bruder - the brother
   Die Schwester - the sister
   Die Geschwister - the siblings
   Der Vater - the father
   Die Mutter - the mother
                                                                       👵🏼
   Das Kind - the child
   Der Sohn - the son
   Die Tochter - the daughter
                                                                                    149
Practice family & relationships
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct word:
📝 Exercise 2:
Construct sentences in German using the given words. Pay attention to the verb
conjugations, you need to change its form here!
📝 Exercise 3:
Read the sentences and decide if they are true or false based on the provided
information. Correct the false sentences.
📝 Advanced Exercise 4:
Write a short description in German for the following family scenarios. Use at least
two sentences for each.
                                                                                       150
                                        🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
Exercise 2 (solution):
Exercise 3 (solution):
   Meine Schwester heißt Johanna. Johanna spielt gern Klavier und liest viele
   Bücher. (My sister's name is Johanna. Johanna likes to play the piano and reads
   many books.)
   Meine Mutter heißt Maria und sie ist Lehrerin. Mein Vater heißt Peter und er ist
   Arzt. (My mother's name is Maria and she is a teacher. My father's name is
   Peter and he is a doctor.)
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                        The Imperative
In this lesson, we learned how to use the imperative "Der Imperativ" in German to
give advice, instructions, suggestions, encouragement, or warnings.
The form of the imperative changes depending on whether you are addressing
someone informally (du), a group of friends (ihr), or formally (Sie).
For the informal "du," you use the verb without the -st ending. For example, "du
sprichst" (you speak) becomes "Sprich!" (Speak!).
For "ihr," the imperative form is the same as the present tense plural form. For
example "Ihr geht" (you go) becomes "Geht!" (Go!).
For the formal "Sie," the verb comes first. "Sie trinken" (you drink) becomes
"Trinken Sie!" (Drink!).
Using the imperative can sound harsh in German, so it's important to be polite. You
can do this by adding "bitte" (please). For example, "Sei bitte nicht zu spät!" (Please
don't be late!).
You can give advice, directions, or orders using the imperative. For example, "Mach
doch mal was anderes!" (Do something different!), "Gehen Sie nach rechts!" (Go
right!), or "Mach die Tür zu!" (Close the door!).
To give a negative command, add "nicht" after the verb, like "Iss nicht so schnell!"
(Don't eat so fast!). You can also make polite requests by using the imperative in a
question, such as "Bringen Sie mir bitte den Kaffee?" (Can you bring me the coffee,
please?).
                                            Lern(impDe
                                                    erat
                                                          utsc
                                                        ive form)
                                                                  h!   😉
                                                                                          152
Practice the imperative
📝 Exercise 1:
Transform the given sentences into the imperative form for "du," "ihr," and "Sie."
📝 Exercise 2:
Transform the sentences into negative commands.
📝 Exercise 3:
Rearrange the words to form correct imperative sentences.
📝 Exercise 4:
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb to make imperative sentences.
📝 Exercise 5:
Change the following imperative sentences from the "du" form to the "Sie" form.
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                                       🔐
Exercise 1 (solutions):
1. Du machst die Tür zu. (close the door)
    Du: Mach die Tür zu!
    Ihr: Macht die Tür zu!
    Sie: Machen Sie die Tür zu!
Exercise 2 (solutions):
 1. Iss nicht so schnell!
 2. Geht nicht zur Schule!
 3. Machen Sie das Fenster nicht auf!
Exercise 3 (solutions):
 1. Gib mir bitte das Buch! (Give me the book please!)
 2. Seid nicht so laut! (Don't be so loud!)
 3. Bitte kommen Sie hierher! (Please come here!)
Exercise 4 (solutions):
 1. Schließ bitte das Fenster! (Please close the window!)
 2. Bleibt zu Hause! (Stay at home!)
 3. Helfen Sie mir bitte! (Help me please!)
Exercise 5 (solutions):
 1. Rufen Sie mich an!
 2. Öffnen Sie das Fenster!
 3. Kommen Sie hierher!
 4. Schreiben Sie den Brief!
 5. Machen Sie die Tür zu!
 6. Fahren Sie langsamer!
 7. Trinken Sie das Wasser!
 8. Essen Sie den Salat!
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                Making appointments
If you want to suggest a specific time and date, you can ask, "Würde es Ihnen am
15.3.2024 um 15 Uhr passen?" (Would the 15th of March 2024 at 3 PM work for
you?).
If you need to cancel an appointment, you can say, "Ich muss leider den Termin
absagen" (Unfortunately, I have to cancel the appointment) and add "Das tut mir
sehr leid" (I'm very sorry).
To reschedule, use the phrase, "Könnten wir den Termin auf den 20.3.2024 um 17
Uhr verschieben?" (Could we reschedule the appointment for the 20th of March
2024 at 5 PM?).
Expressing your preferences is also important. You can use "vormittags" (in the
morning), "nachmittags" (in the afternoon), "früher" (earlier), or "später" (later) to
specify your preferred time.
In Germany, punctuality is highly valued, so make sure to arrive on time for your
appointments. Arriving just on time is ideal, as being too early or late can be seen
as disrespectful. Always aim to be well-prepared and punctual for any meeting or
appointment.
    ⏰ 👨⚕️ 📆 🍲
                                                                                         155
Practice making appointments
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases.
📝 Exercise 2:
Create a short dialogue in German where you schedule an appointment with your
hairdresser. Include proposing a date and time, and confirming the appointment.
📝 Exercise 3:
Rearrange the words to form correct sentences.
                                                                                        156
Practice making appointments
📝 Exercise 4:
Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
📝 Exercise 5:
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
📝 Advanced exercise 6:
Translate the following phrases into German.
                                                                       157
                                    🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
You: Guten Tag, ich möchte einen Termin für einen Haarschnitt vereinbaren.
Hairdresser: Guten Tag, wann möchten Sie kommen?
You: Passt Ihnen der 15. März um 14 Uhr?
Hairdresser: Ja, das passt. Ich trage Sie ein.
You: Vielen Dank. Könnten wir den Termin bitte kurz bestätigen?
Hairdresser: Natürlich. Ihr Termin ist am 15. März um 14 Uhr.
You: Perfekt, vielen Dank! Auf Wiedersehen!
Hairdresser: Auf Wiedersehen!
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
                                                                             158
                                   🔐
Exercise 5 (solution):
   b) einen Termin
   a) am
   a) leider
   c) Könnten
                                         159
                              Directions
In this lesson, we learned how to ask for and give directions in German.
To ask for directions, start by getting someone's attention politely with
"Entschuldigung" (Excuse me) or "Verzeihung" (Pardon).
You can ask for directions using phrases like "Kennen Sie den Weg zum nächsten
Bahnhof?" (Do you know the way to the nearest train station?) or "Wie komme ich
zum nächsten Supermarkt?" (How can I get to the nearest supermarket?).
We also learned about cardinal directions: Norden (North), Süden (South), Osten
(East), and Westen (West).
It’s also important to understand the difference between "wo" (where at) and
"wohin" (where to) when asking or giving directions. "Wo" is used to ask about a
location, while "wohin" is used to ask about the movement to a location.
Remember to be polite and use words like "bitte" (please), "danke" (thank you),
and "Auf Wiedersehen" (goodbye) when asking for or giving directions.
    📍 🗺️ 🧭 🚉
                                                                                   160
Practice directions
📝 Exercise 1:
Match the German words to their English meanings.
📝 Exercise 2:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate directional words.
📝 Exercise 3:
Rearrange the words to form correct sentences.
📝 Exercise 4:
Choose the correct preposition (zum, zur, über, neben, hinter) to complete the
sentences.
                                                                                 161
Practice directions
Advanced exercise 5:
Read the text and answer the questions below.
Lisa ist neu in der Stadt. Sie will die Bibliothek finden. Sie fragt eine Frau:
"Entschuldigung, wo ist die Bibliothek?" Die Frau antwortet: "Gehen Sie geradeaus
und biegen Sie an der ersten Kreuzung links ab. Gehen Sie 300 Meter weiter. Die
Bibliothek ist auf der rechten Seite.
Questions:
  Where does Lisa want to go?
  Who does Lisa ask for directions?
  What should Lisa do at the first crossroads?
  How many meters should Lisa walk straight ahead?
  Where is the library?
                                                                                    162
                                        🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. der Bahnhof - c. train station
 2. das Krankenhaus - a. hospital
 3. die Bibliothek - e. library
 4. das Restaurant - f. restaurant
 5. der Supermarkt - d. supermarket
 6. die Post - h. post office
 7. die Universität - b. university
 8. das Hotel - g. hotel
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Gehen Sie geradeaus. (Go straight ahead)
 2. Biegen Sie nach links ab. (Turn left.)
 3. Die Post ist etwa 500 Meter entfernt. (The post office is about 500 meters
    away.)
 4. Überqueren Sie die Straße. (Cross the road.)
 5. Gehen Sie am roten Haus vorbei. (Walk past the red house.)
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Gehen Sie nach Norden. (Go north.)
 2. Entschuldigung, wie komme ich zur Bibliothek? (Excuse me, how do I get to the
    library?)
 3. Biegen Sie nach rechts ab. (Turn right.)
 4. Der Supermarkt ist 200 Meter entfernt. (The supermarket is 200 meters away.)
Exercise 4 (solution):
 1. Gehen Sie über die Brücke.
 2. Das Hotel ist neben der Post.
 3. Wie komme ich zum Bahnhof?
 4. Das Restaurant ist hinter der Universität.
Exercise 5 (solution):
 1. Lisa wants to go to the library.
 2. Lisa asks a woman for directions.
 3. The woman tells Lisa to turn left at the first intersection.
 4. She tells Lisa to walk straight ahead for 300 meters.
 5. The library is on the right-hand side.
                                                                                    163
                          Basic Writing
In this lesson, we learned about some important rules for writing in German.
One of the key points is capitalization. In German, all nouns are written with a
capital letter. This includes people's names, places, things, days, months, seasons,
languages, and brands. Additionally, the first word of every sentence is always
capitalized.
We also covered punctuation marks. The period ("Der Punkt") marks the end of a
sentence, while commas are used in lists and to separate independent clauses
joined by conjunctions like "aber" (but).
Finally, we reviewed the basic sentence structure in German, which usually follows
a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order. For example, "Ich esse einen Apfel" (I eat an
apple). Keeping this structure in mind will help you improve your writing in German!
                                                                                       164
Practice basic writing
Exercise 1:
Correct the capitalization in the following sentences.
Exercise 2:
Add the correct punctuation to the following sentences.
Exercise 3:
Turn the following statements into questions.
Exercise 4:
Spot and correct the capitalization mistakes in the text.
lisa und tom gehen in den park. sie haben einen ball. tom möchte fußball spielen. am
sonntag treffen sie freunde. der park ist groß und schön. lisa bringt eine decke mit.
sie wollen picknicken.
                                                                                        165
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. Max wohnt in Berlin.
 2. Die Sonne scheint.
 3. Ich esse einen Apfel.
 4. Wir fahren nach Frankreich im Sommer.
 5. Sie liest ein Buch über die deutsche Geschichte.
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Ich brauche Äpfel, Bananen, Kiwis und Milch.
 2. Ich mag Schokolade, aber ich esse lieber Kuchen.
 3. Hast du Hunger?
 4. Wow! Das ist ein tolles Geschenk!
Exercise 3 (solution):
 1. Esse ich einen Apfel? (Am I eating an apple?)
 2. Fahren wir nach Berlin? (Are we going to Berlin?)
 3. Liest er ein Buch? (Is he reading a book?)
 4. Wohnt sie in München? (Does she live in Munich?)
 5. Lernst du Deutsch? (Are you learning German?)
Exercise 4 (solution):
Lisa und Tom gehen in den Park. Sie haben einen Ball. Tom möchte Fußball spielen.
Am Sonntag treffen sie Freunde. Der Park ist groß und schön. Lisa bringt eine
Decke mit. Sie wollen picknicken.
List of Mistakes:
  1. lisa -> Lisa
  2. tom -> Tom
 3. sie -> Sie (beginning of a sentence)
 4. ball -> Ball
  5. fußball -> Fußball
 6. am sonntag -> Am Sonntag
  7. der park -> Der Park
  8. decke -> Decke
 9. sie -> Sie (beginning of a sentence)
English version:
Lisa and Tom go to the park. They have a ball. Tom wants to play soccer. They
meet friends on Sunday. The park is big and beautiful. Lisa brings a blanket. They
want to have a picnic.
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                         Ordering Food
In this lesson, we learned how to order food in a German restaurant and the cultural
norms to follow.
When you enter a restaurant, you might be greeted with "Guten Tag." If you don't
have a reservation, you can ask, "Haben Sie einen Tisch frei?" and tell them how
many people are with you, like "Wir sind zwei Personen."
Once seated, you'll receive the menu, "die Speisekarte." If the waiter asks if you'd
like something to drink, "Darf ich Ihnen etwas zu trinken bringen?" and you need
more time, you can say, "Wir brauchen noch ein bisschen." When you're ready to
order, you can get the waiter's attention by saying "Entschuldigung."
To order, use "Ich hätte gerne" followed by what you want. For example, "Ich hätte
gerne ein Wasser" (I would like some water). If you want still water, ask for "stilles
Wasser," and if you prefer sparkling, ask for "Sprudelwasser." You can also specify
preferences using "mit" (with) and "ohne" (without), like "Ich hätte gerne ein
Schnitzel mit Pommes" (I would like a schnitzel with fries).
If you have dietary restrictions, you can ask, "Gibt es vegetarische Gerichte?" (Are
there vegetarian dishes?) or let the waiter know about allergies, like "Ich habe eine
Glutenallergie" (I have a gluten allergy). When your food arrives, it's polite to say
"Guten Appetit" before you start eating.
After your meal, ask for the check by saying "Die Rechnung, bitte." It's normal to tip
around 5-10% of the bill. When you leave, say "Vielen Dank!" to show your
gratitude. Now you're ready to enjoy dining out in Germany!
                                                                                         167
Practice ordering food
📝 Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases.
 1. When you enter a restaurant, you might be greeted with "_____ _____."
 2. If you don't have a reservation, you ask, "Haben Sie einen _____ _____?"
 3. To order still water, you say, "Ich hätte gerne ____ __________."
 4. If you want to specify that you want fries with your schnitzel, you say, "mit
    __________."
 5. To ask for the check, you say, "_____ ________, bitte."
 6. The word for tip in German is "__________."
 7. Before starting your meal, you say, "__________."
📝 Exercise 2:
Match the German phrases to their English translations.
 a.The menu
 b. I would like a schnitzel with fries, please.
 c. Do you have a free table?
 d. I have a gluten allergy.
 e. Enjoy your meal.
 f. The check, please.
 g. May I bring you something to drink?
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Practice ordering food
📝 Exercise 3:
Imagine you are at a restaurant. Write down what you would say to order the
following:
   A sparkling water
   A schnitzel with salad
   A vegetarian dish
📝 Exercise 4:
Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
   Ich hätte gerne ein Schnitzel aber Wasser, bitte. (I would like a schnitzel and
   water, please.)
   Ich haben eine Glutenallergie. (I have a gluten allergy.)
   Guten Morgen! Haben ihr einen Tisch frei. (Good day! Do you have a free table?)
   Das Speisekarte, bitte. (The menu, please.)
                                                                                     169
                                      🔐
Exercise 1 (solution):
 1. When you enter a restaurant, you might be greeted with "Guten Tag."
 2. If you don't have a reservation, you ask, "Haben Sie einen Tisch frei?"
 3. To order still water, you say, "Ich hätte gerne stilles Wasser."
 4. If you want to specify that you want fries with your schnitzel, you say, "mit
    Pommes."
 5. To ask for the check, you say, "Die Rechnung bitte."
 6. The word for tip in German is "Trinkgeld."
 7. Before starting your meal, you say, "Guten Appetit."
Exercise 2 (solution):
 1. Ich hätte gerne ein Schnitzel mit Pommes, bitte. - b. I would like a schnitzel with
    fries, please.
 2. Haben Sie einen Tisch frei? - c. Do you have a free table?
 3. Die Speisekarte - a. The menu
 4. Die Rechnung, bitte. - f. The check, please.
 5. Guten Appetit - e. Enjoy your meal.
 6. Ich habe eine Glutenallergie. - d. I have a gluten allergy.
 7. Darf ich Ihnen etwas zu trinken bringen? - g. May I bring you something to
    drink?
Exercise 3 (solution):
Exercise 4 (solution):
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   🎉
 Congrats!
You made it!
171