REVIEW UNIT 1

1.​ Vocabularies
●​ think outside the box (idiom): suy nghĩ sáng tạo, đổi mới tư duy​
→ To think creatively and in an unconventional way.
●​ a can-do attitude (noun phrase): thái độ tích cực​
→ A positive and proactive mindset that shows willingness to take on tasks
and solve problems.
●​ set goals (verb phrase): đặt mục tiêu​
→ To decide on objectives or targets to achieve.
●​ critical thinking (noun phrase): tư duy phản biện​
→ The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a
judgment.
●​ determination (noun): sự quyết tâm​
→ Firmness of purpose; the drive to achieve something despite difficulties.
●​ integrity (noun): sự chính trực​
→ The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.
●​ passionate (adjective): đam mê​
→ Having or showing strong feelings or a strong belief.​
→ Related noun: passion – intense enthusiasm or interest.
●​ authentic (adjective): chân thật​
→ Genuine or real; not fake or copied.​
→ Related noun: authenticity – the quality of being authentic.
●​ head up (a project) (phrasal verb): lãnh đạo, dẫn dắt, phụ trách​
→ To lead or manage a project or team.
●​ trainee graduate (noun phrase): sinh viên mới tốt nghiệp​
→ A recent university graduate who is undergoing training for a job.
●​ overconfident (adjective): tự tin thái quá​
→ Having too much confidence in oneself, which may lead to mistakes.
●​ internship (noun): kỳ thực tập​
→ A temporary job, often unpaid, that provides practical experience in a
specific field.
●​ arrogant (adjective): kiêu ngạo​
→ Having an exaggerated sense of one’s own importance or abilities.
●​ build rapport (verb phrase): xây dựng mối quan hệ​
→ To create a good and trusting relationship with someone.
●​ in charge of (phrase): chịu trách nhiệm về​
→ Responsible for something or someone.
●​ adaptability (noun): thích nghi​
→ The ability to adjust to new conditions or environments.
●​ motivate (verb): động lực​
→ To provide someone with a reason or incentive to do something.
●​ in touch with (phrase): giữ liên lạc.​
→ Maintaining communication or contact with someone.
●​ jeopardize (verb): nguy hại​
→ To put something in danger or at risk.
●​ assimilate into (verb phrase): hòa nhập, tham gia​
→ To become part of a group, community, or culture by adapting to its
customs and norms.
 2.​ Grammar

2.1. Advice and suggestion

●​ You should + V

Ví dụ: You should study harder to pass the exam.

●​ You ought to + V

Ví dụ: You ought to apologize for being late

●​ Why don’t you + V?

Ví dụ: Why don’t you take a short break?

●​ Why not try + V-ing?

Ví dụ: Why not try learning a new language

●​ How about + V-ing?

Ví dụ: How about going to the cinema tonight

●​ Have you thought about + V-ing?

Ví dụ: Have you thought about joining a gym

2.2. Express feelings

●​ S + be + Adj (emotion) + to be + V-ing​

Ex: They are happy to be working with international clients.
●​ S + be + looking forward + to + V-ing​
Ex: We’re looking forward to planning the company’s anniversary event.
 REVIEW UNIT 2
1.​ VOCABULARY
●​ Automotive (n/a): Related to motor vehicles or the car industry.
●​ Manufacturing (n/a): The process or related to the process of producing
goods in factories.
●​ Retail (n): The sale of goods to the public in small quantities
●​ Transportation (n): The movement of people or goods from one place to
another
●​ Diabsensor (n): A sensor used to monitor diabetes-related data, especially
glucose levels
●​ Textile (n/a): Fabric or cloth; or related to fabric and weaving
●​ Portable (a): Able to be easily carried or moved
●​ Handheld (n/a): Small enough to be held in the hand; or a small device held
in the hand
●​ sector (n): A distinct part of an economy, society, or area (e.g., public sector,
private sector).

Primary Industry (Raw Material Extraction & Agriculture)

●​ coal mining​
→ The process of extracting coal from the ground.
●​ gas extraction​
→ The removal of natural gas from underground sources.
●​ oil drilling​
→ The process of drilling into the Earth to extract petroleum (crude oil).
●​ animal farming​
→ Raising animals (like cows, pigs, chickens) for food or other products.
 ●​ crop growing​
→ Cultivating plants (like rice, wheat, vegetables) for food or commercial
use.
●​ wine producing​
→ Making wine by fermenting grapes or other fruits.

Secondary Industry (Manufacturing & Production)

●​ furniture maker​
→ A person or company that builds tables, chairs, beds, etc.
●​ steel factory​
→ A facility that produces steel from iron and other materials.
●​ textile manufacturing​
→ The production of cloth or fabric from fibers like cotton or wool.
●​ chemical plant​
→ A factory that produces chemicals for industrial or consumer use.
●​ pharmaceutical company​
→ A business that develops and sells medicines and drugs.
●​ robotics factory​
→ A factory that designs and builds robots or robotic systems.

Tertiary Industry (Services & Distribution)

●​ bank​
→ A financial institution that keeps money safe and offers loans, savings,
etc.
 ●​ credit card company​
→ A business that issues credit cards and processes payments.
●​ insurance agent​
→ A person who sells insurance and helps clients manage risk.
●​ cruise ship​
→ A large passenger ship used for vacation trips on the sea.
●​ hotel chain​
→ A group of hotels under the same brand operating in different locations.
●​ airline​
→ A company that provides air travel services.

2. GRAMMAR

2.1. Past Simple Tense

Structure:

●​ Affirmative: S + V2 / Ved
●​ Negative: S + did not + V (bare infinitive)
●​ Question: Did + S + V (bare infinitive)?

When to use it?​

Used to describe an action that happened and finished in the past, with a specific
time reference.

Examples:

●​ I watched a movie last night.

●​ Did you eat breakfast this morning?

2. Past Continuous Tense

Structure:

●​ Affirmative: S + was/were + V-ing

●​ Negative: S + was/were + not + V-ing
●​ Question: Was/Were + S + V-ing?

When to use it?

●​ To describe an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past

●​ An action that was interrupted by another action
●​ Two actions happening at the same time in the past

Examples:

●​ At 8 p.m. last night, I was studying English.​

(Shows what was happening at a specific time.)
●​ I was sleeping when the phone rang.​
→ Long action: was sleeping (Past Continuous)​
→ Short action that interrupted: rang (Past Simple)
 UNIT 8: COMMUNICATION
1.​ Face to face
1.1. Ways of Communicating at Work
-​ Talking face-to-face
-​ Texting
-​ Emailing
-​ Social media
-​ Telephone
-​ Online video chat
1.2. Choosing the Right Method

Ways of communication Situations

Talking Face-to-Face You need to discuss sensitive or

emotional topics

Texting You need quick, casual communication

Emailing You need to send professional or

formal communication

Social Media You’re sharing news, opinions, or

updates with a broad audience

Telephone You need a real-time conversation but

 can’t meet in person

Online Video Chat You’re working or collaborating

remotely

1.3. Vocabulary: Digital Communication

Check To look at sth carefully to Kiểm tra

ensure it’s safe or correct

Catch up on To complete or get up to Cập nhật

date with sth after falling
behind

Reply to To respond someone or Trả lời

sth

Internal Inner parts or features Nội bộ

Master A person who has great Làm chủ

skill or control in sth

Overload Too much of sth Quá tải

(BÀI TẬP)
Try not to check / receive your email too often.
Catch up on / Delete all your emails once or twice a day.
When you have lots of emails, prioritise. Reply to/ Manage the most urgent first.
When you send a(n) internal / social email, always use professional language.
Be the master / servant of your inbox! Keep control by deleting unimportant
emails so that you don’t manage / overload it.

2.​ How to communicate

2.1. Tips for Effective Workplace Communication

1.​ Give workers some privacy

→ Respecting personal space helps employees feel comfortable and stay
focused.
Example: Avoid standing behind someone while they’re working or making
a personal call.

2.​ Stay connected - but be careful!

→ Keep in touch, but don’t overwhelm or micromanage your colleagues.
Example: Instead of sending constant messages, group your points and send
one clear update.

3.​ Encourage small talk

→ Casual conversation builds rapport and reduces tension in the workplace.
Example: Ask your coworker, “Did you do anything fun over the
weekend?”

2.2. Grammar Focus: First and Second Conditional

2.2.1. First and Second Conditional

The first conditional is used to talk about real and possible situations in the future.
It describes events that are likely to happen if a certain condition is met.

Structure:​
If + Present Simple, will + Base Verb

Example Sentences:

●​ If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.​

(There is a real possibility that it might rain tomorrow, and if it does, we
will cancel the picnic.)

2.2.2. The Second Conditional

The second conditional is used to talk about unreal or hypothetical situations in

the present or future. These are events that are unlikely to happen or are purely
imaginary.

Structure:​
If + Past Simple, would + Base Verb

Example Sentences:

●​ If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.​

(It is unlikely that I will win the lottery, but if I did, this is what I would
do.)

(BÀI TẬP)
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
​ didn't doesn't don't might will won't wouldn't
1.​ I will call a couple of customers if I have time this afternoon.
2.​ If I were you, I wouldn't spend so much time catching up on emails.
3.​ If she didn't spend so much time on the phone, she could finish earlier.
4.​ If we don’t finish this report on time, I won't go to the meeting.
5.​ I think we might be more efficient if we worked from home one day per
week.
6.​ He won’t meet our Dutch customers if he doesn't attend the webinar.
7.​ If I don't see you this afternoon, I’ll definitely see you tomorrow.

3.​ Communication skills: Closing a deal

3.1 What is closing a deal

Closing a deal means successfully reaching an agreement between two or more

parties after a negotiation.​
It is the final step where both sides accept the terms and commit to them —
usually in business contexts like:

●​ Buying or selling a product/service

●​ Signing a contract
●​ Reaching a solution after a disagreement

3.2. How to close a deal

3.2.1. Summarizing – Tóm tắt lại điểm đã thống nhất

Functional language for summarizing:

 ●​ "So, to sum up…"
●​ "Let me just summarize what we’ve agreed."
●​ "We both agree that…"
●​ "To recap, you’ll…, and we’ll…"

Example:

"So, to sum up, you’ll deliver the software by Friday, and we’ll make the
payment next Monday."

3.2.2. Clarifying – Làm rõ điều còn mơ hồ

Functional language for clarifying:

●​ "So, what you’re saying is…"

●​ "Just to be clear,…"
●​ "Do you mean that…?"
●​ "Can I check I’ve understood you correctly?"

Example:

"Just to be clear, you’re offering a 15% discount for bulk orders?"

3.2.3. Referring to Remaining Issues – Nhắc đến điểm chưa thống nhất

Functional language for referring to issues:

●​ "That just leaves the question of…"
●​ "If you’re happy with everything else, let’s agree on…"
●​ "Can we confirm the final point about…?"
●​ "Is that acceptable to you?"
Example:​
"That just leaves the question of delivery fees. Can we split the cost?"

3.2.4. Finalizing the Deal – Chốt hẳn thỏa thuận

Functional language for closing:

●​ "Great, we have a deal."

●​ "Perfect. I’ll send you the confirmation."
●​ "Excellent. Let’s go ahead with this."

Example:​
"Great. So we have a deal — I’ll email you the updated contract this
afternoon."

(BÀI TẬP)

A: Let me just summarize what we’ve agreed. You’ll provide the full
package at the quoted price, and we’ll handle installation.

B: Yes, that’s correct.

A: Just to be clear, the support line will be available 24/7, right?

B: Absolutely. It’s part of our premium service.

A: That just leaves the question of post-launch training for our team.

B: We can include two sessions at no extra cost. Is that acceptable to you?

A: Excellent. Let’s go ahead with this.

B: Perfect. I’ll send you the confirmation by end of day.

 4.​ Business skills: Talking about priorities
/ We’ll cover two main parts:

●​ First, What is a priority

●​ And second, How to set priorities effectively in a business context.

Let’s start with the first part.”/

4.1. What is priority?

A priority is a task, goal or issue that you consider more important than others and
therefore address first. In a business context, setting priorities helps you focus
scarce time and resources on activities that deliver the greatest value or impact.

Key characteristics of a priority:

●​ Urgency: How soon does this need your attention?​

●​ Importance: What are the consequences of not doing it?​

●​ Impact: How much value will it create for you, your team or your
organization?

4.2. How to set priorities?

“There’s a simple 5-step process to set effective priorities:”
1.​ List all your tasks.​
 ●​ Write down everything you need to do for your project or day.​

2.​ Evaluate importance and urgency.​

●​ Ask: “What happens if I don’t do this today?”​

3.​ Rank tasks.​

●​ Give each task a number (1 = highest priority, 3 = lower priority).​

4.​ Check resources.​

●​ Make sure you have enough time, people, or materials.​

5.​ Review and adjust.​

●​ At the end of the day or week, see if your priorities have changed.

Functional Language: Talking About Priorities

“Now let’s look at the kind of language we use when discussing priorities at
work.”

-​ Stating priority:
●​ “My top priority right now is…”
●​ “We need to focus first on…”
●​ “The most urgent task is…”

Example:
“My top priority right now is finalizing the Q3 budget proposal.”

-​ Suggesting lower priority

●​ “Could we tackle this later, after we’ve finished…?”
●​ “Let’s put [task X] on the back burner until…”
●​ “Perhaps we should defer this until next week.”

Example:

“Let’s put the website refresh on the back burner until after the product
launch.”​

-​ Asking about priorities

●​ “What should we prioritize?”
●​ “Which of these tasks is most important?”
●​ “Where should we focus our efforts first?”

Example:

“We have three major deliverables— which should we prioritize this week?”

(BÀI TẬP)

“Now, let’s move on to the practice. I’d like to invite one volunteer to come
up and complete the sentences on the board.”

EX1:

Choose the correct option in italics to complete the sentences for talking
about priorities.
1 It's of the utmost / entire importance.

2 This is really low / mini priority.

3 You need to give this task a great / high priority.

4 This email is really / well urgent.

5 It's largely / quite important that we have this meeting.

6 The security check is extremely / plenty urgent.

5.​ Writing
Structure of a Short Report
5.1. Introduction
-​ Purpose: To briefly explain the main topic of the report — often a problem
that needs to be examined and solved
-​ What to include:
+​ What is the topic or issue?
+​ Why is it important or relevant?
+​ What does the report aim to achieve?
-​ Ex:
+​ This report aims to examine the issue of rising employee turnover rates
+​ The purpose of this report is to investigate the causes of customer
dissatisfaction
+​ Recently, there has been growing concern about data security in the
company
5.2. Findings
-​ Purpose: To present the results or information discovered through
investigation, research, or analysis
 -​ What to include:
+​ Key facts, data, or observations
+​ Patterns, causes, or problems identified
+​ Relevant evidence to support your conclusions
-​ Ex:
+​ Exit interviews reveal that 65% of departing employees cited a lack of career
progression and unclear growth opportunities as their primary reason for
leaving
+​ Customer surveys show a 40% increase in complaints regarding delayed
responses and unhelpful support over the past three months
+​ An internal audit uncovered that 30% of employees were using weak or
duplicate passwords, and outdated antivirus software was still active on
several devices
5.3. Recommendations
-​ Purpose: To suggest possible actions or solutions based on the findings
-​ What to include:
+​ Clear and actionable suggestions
+​ Justification for each recommendation
+​ Possible benefits of implementation
-​ Ex:
+​ Introduce a structured career development and mentorship program to
enhance employee engagement and reduce turnover
+​ Implement a real-time customer feedback system to identify service issues
quickly and improve response quality
+​ Conduct regular cybersecurity audits and provide mandatory training
sessions on data protection for all staff
WRITING 1:
Introduction
There have been some problems recently due to poor communication so we need to
have a new communication policy for the company.
This report looks at reasons for communication problems between departments
and finally makes recommendations
Findings
One of the key issues is that warehouse staff
are unhappy with sales staff who take orders
for goods which are out of stock. Last week we had a big order for fridge-freezers
and there were none in the warehouse. It seems that the sales department had not
checked stock levels before accepting the order. The Sales Manager complained
that no one had updated the stock records. Stock updates ought to happen
automatically but they do not. It seems that staff expect the technology to do
everything and will not talk
to each other.
Recommendations
It is therefore recommended that department managers monitor systems more
closely
and make sure that any problems are reported immediately so everyone is aware of
them. There should also be morning meetings for all department heads to
exchange information.

WRITING 2:
Introduction
This report looks at reasons for the problems. The purpose of this report to …
The director has asked me to write this report to …
This report aims to analyse the reasons why … Finally it will make
recommendations...
Findings
One of the key problems is that staff do not…
The first thing we noticed was that …
It was found that staff were unhappy because …
It seems that staff do not speak to each other.
Recommendations
It is therefore recommended that …
The managers should have morning meetings to ...
Our aims are to ...
We might therefore need to change the system.