虚拟语气（二）
英语思维系统训练丨 Week 17
补充（对过去假设）
⚫ should’ve, would’ve, could’ve, might’ve 差别
I should’ve gone to Yale.
当年就应该去耶鲁大学，比如表达惋惜
I would’ve gone to Yale, if I had tried harder.
would’ve 比 should’ve 语气稍弱一点，表示句子后面的条件成立，“我就会去耶鲁大学”。
I could’ve gone to Yale, if I had tried harder.
could’ve 比 would’ve 语气稍弱一点表示句子后面的条件成立，“我就能够去耶鲁大学”。
I might’ve gone to Yale, if I had tried harder.
might’ve 语气最弱，表示“我可能会去耶鲁大学”，不是很有底气
⚫ couldn’t have 和 might not have 的差别
He couldn’t have gone to Yale without her help.
没她的帮助，他当年不可能去耶鲁大学（语气肯定，当年他去了耶鲁）
He might not have gone to Yale without her help.
语气没有上一句那么肯定，表示一种中性的可能性，即“有可能没有去耶鲁大学”
He couldn’t have gone to Yale.
语气肯定的一种“猜测“
He might not have gone to Yale.
同样是“猜测”，语气比上句弱
This can’t be another woulda coulda shoulda election.
不要觉得有固定的顺序，也可以是 coulda woulda shoulda; shoulda, woulda, coulda。
希拉里表达的是：这次选举不能再像四年前那样，会做到的没做到，能做到的没做到，该做
到的没做到。
虚拟语气（二）
英语思维系统训练丨 Week 17
纯粹假设将来
If I were to have dinner with him, I would ask him to give
me some money.
一般普通人的“幻想”，属于“纯粹假设”，比如朋友间随便吹吹牛
If I have dinner with him tonight, I will ask him.
比如：比尔盖茨和马云的饭局还没定下来（因为官方活动可能有
变化），盖茨女儿想知道马云是不是外星人。
If something happens to me, I want you to take care of
Rachel and the baby.
如果我出了什么事，我希望你能照顾 Rachel 和孩子。
(不是纯粹假设，因为是随时有可能会发生的事情)
If something were to happen to Ross or myself, you
wouldn’t get the baby.
假设 Ross 或我出了什么事，你不会得到这个孩子。
这句的语气是“退一万步讲…你也不会得到这个孩子”，是对将
来的纯粹假设
虚拟语气（二）
英语思维系统训练丨 Week 17
To rain or not to rain?
If it rains this afternoon, I will watch TV at home.
有可能发生
If it were to rain this afternoon, I would cancel my trip.
语气是觉得下午不可能下雨
If it were to rain this afternoon, I would have to cancel my trip.
语气同上句，但更符合表达说话人觉得下午下雨是一种万分之一的可能，即“如果真的下雨，那我
就不得不取消这次出行计划了“。语气是“应该不会/不可能吧/千万别发生”
如果大统领输掉大选，他会要求重新计票。
If the president loses, he will demand a recount.
正常的条件假设
If the president were to lose, he would demand a recount.
1. 说话人觉得大统领输的可能性非常小；
2. 说话人觉得处于“体面”，“礼貌”应该把话说地“软一点”。
母语者的语速：
母语者的自然语速中，’d 的发音往往会被“收住”。
If I were to have dinner with him, I’d ask him to give me some money.
If something were to happen to Ross or myself, you’d get the baby.
If it were to rain this afternoon, I’d cancel my trip.
If the president were to lose, he’d make a scene.
小小练习
如果你遇到事故，你可以先拿到 100 万美金。
（保险经纪）
If you were to have an accident, you would get a million dollars first.
如果他受伤了，他就会失去这份工作。（在工地）
If he gets injured, he will lose this job.
虚拟语气（二）
英语思维系统训练丨 Week 17
纯粹假设“现在&将来”
If I were you, I would be more careful.
If I were you, I’d be more careful.
If I were you, I’d grow eyes in the back of my head.
If I were you 表示对现在事实相反的一种假设
If he didn’t have a family, he’d go to Africa.
If they didn’t have kids, they’d be travelling around the world.
If I had a car, I’d pick you up at the airport.
If I had enough money, I’d buy a bigger house.
if+动词过去式：对现在实际情况的假设，时态退一格（变成过去式）
What would happen if I pressed the button?
语气是：我不会按这个按钮，只是纯粹假设一下
What will happen if I press the button?
比如地铁工作人员在实习期间问师傅这个问题，是自然的询问按下后会
发生什么，属于熟悉工作内容
What happens if I press the button?
比上一句跟口语化，一般现在时也可指将来
虚拟语气（二）
英语思维系统训练丨 Week 17
I wish… 基本与事实相反
I wish I could turn it into a coffee mug.
I②wish I didn’t feel this way about Rachel.
I wish things could go back to normal. (but…)
I wish I could stay here the whole week. (but…)
下面不是虚拟语气，d 这个音让说的话听上去不冲/soft，比较委婉
I wish I could be of some help.
I wish he would come to my birthday party.
I hope he will come to my birthday party.
I was hoping he would come to my birthday party.
小小练习
我多么希望我和她还在一起（已经分手了）
I wish we were still together.
我多么希望你不在这里（危险的现场）
I wish you were not here.
我多么希望我们在家里（身处疫情严重的外国）
I wish we were back home.
虚拟语气（二）
英语思维系统训练丨 Week 17
总结
假设 从句 主句
should
were,
现在 would
did
could
将来 were to do might
should’ve
would’ve
过去 had done
could’ve
might’ve
补充：if only，省略主句,语气更强烈
If only I had gone to Tsinghua.
对过去假设：当年如果我上了清华
If only I were young again.
对现在假设：如果我还年轻
If only I were to see her again.
对将来假设：如果将来还能见到她
虚拟语气（二）
英语思维系统训练丨 Week 17
虚拟语气 | 声音总结
“想象过去”的声音
主句部分：
should have should’ve shoulda
would have would’ve woulda
could have could’ve coulda
might have might’ve mighta
should not have shouldn’t have
would not have wouldn’t have
could not have couldn’t have
might not have mightn’t have
怎么检查自己有没有学到家？
每次念这些“声音”的时候，头脑里能一下子对应出一个“mood”，一个情境，立
刻能造句。
虚拟语气（二）
英语思维系统训练丨 Week 17
if, but 从句部分：
I had I’d I hadn’t
we had we’d we hadn’t
you had you’d you hadn’t
he had he’d he hadn’t
she had she’d she hadn’t
they had they’d they hadn’t
“假设将来&现在”的声音
主句部分：
I should/would/could/might I’d
we would… we’d
you would… you’d
he would… he’d
she would… she’d
they would… they’d
从句部分：
were
did, ***d
were to
虚拟语气（二）
英语思维系统训练丨 Week 17
英文动词不过如此
Tenses 时态
• past
• present
• future
• 16 in total
Voices of Verbs 语态
• Active voice
• Passive voice
Moods of verbs 语气
⚫ indicative mood 陈述语气
I bought this glass last year.
I will buy a new glass.
I am buying a new glass.
⚫ imperative mood 祈使语气 （往往省略主语）
Give it back to me.
⚫ subjunctive mood 虚拟语气
You should’ve come last night.
I wish I could turn it into a coffee mug.
