ff

ff stands for flags-first, and provides an opinionated way to populate a flag.FlagSet with configuration data from the environment. Specifically, it allows data to be parsed from commandline args, a configuration file, and environment variables, in that priority order.

Define a flag.FlagSet in your func main.

func main() {
	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("my-program", flag.ExitOnError)
	var (
		listenAddr = fs.String("listen-addr", "localhost:8080", "listen address")
		refresh    = fs.Duration("refresh", 15*time.Second, "refresh interval")
		debug      = fs.Bool("debug", false, "log debug information")
		_          = fs.String("config", "", "config file (optional)")
	)

Then, call ff.Parse instead of fs.Parse.

	ff.Parse(fs, os.Args[1:],
		ff.WithConfigFileFlag("config"),
		ff.WithConfigFileParser(ff.PlainParser),
		ff.WithEnvVarPrefix("MY_PROGRAM"),
	)

This example will parse flags from the commandline args, just like regular package flag, with the highest priority. If a -config file is specified, it will try to parse it using the PlainParser, which expects files in this format:

listen-addr localhost:8080
refresh 30s
debug true

It's simple to write your own config file parser.

// ConfigFileParser interprets the config file represented by the reader
// and calls the set function for each parsed flag pair.
type ConfigFileParser func(r io.Reader, set func(name, value string) error) error

Finally, it will look in the environment for variables with a MY_PROGRAM prefix. Flag names are capitalized, and separator characters are converted to underscores. In this case, for example, MY_PROGRAM_LISTEN_ADDR would match to listen-addr.