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A113028 — solved through base 64

OEIS A113028: a(B) is the largest number whose base-B representation uses distinct nonzero digits and is divisible by every digit it contains — equivalently, divisible by the lcm of its digits.

The flavor of the problem in one value: a(16) = 0xFEDCB59726A1348 — fifteen distinct nonzero hex digits whose lcm, 360360, divides the value exactly. It is the one answer below you can check by eye, and it was first found in 2006, unsubmitted, while the sequence's author was advising this repository's author (Provenance). Today the engine returns it in 0.021 s — and a(64), the deliberate stopping point, is ~95 orders of magnitude larger.

This repository computes and proves a(B) for every base 2 ≤ B ≤ 64:

  • Every value below carries a maximality proof — no conjectured or window-bounded entries remain. Labels: CERTIFIED (independent methods concordant) or STRONG (single-method exhaustive); definitions below.
  • Bases 49–64 are first-ever computed values. The published OEIS b-file ends at base 48.
  • The published a(46) is wrong — this project found a strictly larger arrangement of the same digit set. Corrected below.
  • Bases 65–89 were swept and no completion was found — 22 bases refuted at their minimum widths, two bounded by budget, one structurally out of reach. Not a proof that none exist; see docs/results/HIGH-BASE-RANGE-65-89.md.
  • Decimal expansions for all 63 terms: b113028.txt (OEIS b-file format, n = 2…64), machine-checked against this table by scripts/validate_bfile.py.

Reading the values

Digit values map to symbols (full spec, including the right-to-left handling of Hebrew digits, in docs/results/DIGIT-ALPHABET.md):

values symbols
0–9 09
10–35 AZ
36–48 Greek lowercase α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν (α=36 … ν=48)
49–70 Hebrew א‎ ב‎ ג‎ ד‎ ה‎ ו‎ ז‎ ח‎ ט‎ י‎ כ‎ ל‎ מ‎ נ‎ ס‎ ע‎ פ‎ צ‎ ק‎ ר‎ ש‎ ת‎ (א=49 … ת=70)

Most significant digit first; every Hebrew letter is followed by an invisible left-to-right mark so the string renders in place-value order.

Results

base a(base), base-B digits status
2 1 verified — matches OEIS
3 2 verified — matches OEIS
4 312 verified — matches OEIS
5 413 verified — matches OEIS
6 412 verified — matches OEIS
7 65142 verified — matches OEIS
8 7625134 verified — matches OEIS
9 8271536 verified — matches OEIS
10 9867312 verified — matches OEIS
11 A98762413 verified — matches OEIS
12 B9352176 verified — matches OEIS
13 CBA95847213 verified — matches OEIS
14 DCBA8513492 verified — matches OEIS
15 EDCB8219473 verified — matches OEIS
16 FEDCB59726A1348 verified — matches OEIS
17 GFEDCB93652741A verified — matches OEIS
18 HGFEDCAB2514376 verified — matches OEIS
19 IHGFEDCB2671A3854 verified — matches OEIS
20 JIHGE9137B264DC verified — matches OEIS
21 KJIHGFDBC286A4153 verified — matches OEIS
22 LKJIHGFED981C456732 verified — matches OEIS
23 MLKJIHGFEDC87521A6943 verified — matches OEIS
24 NLKJIHFEA679541B32DC verified — matches OEIS
25 ONMLKJIHGFDB51284E3976A verified — matches OEIS
26 PONMLKJIHGFB97461E325A8 verified — matches OEIS
27 QPONMLKJIHGFC6B72A85E3149 verified — matches OEIS
28 RQPONMKJIHF1352B69A8GD4 verified — matches OEIS
29 SRQPONMLKJIHGFDC2619485BA37 verified — matches OEIS
30 TSRQONMLJI2B1E4H8G397D6 verified — matches OEIS
31 UTSRQPONMLKJIHGE89A265D41BC37 verified — matches OEIS
32 VUTSRQPONMLKJIHF1758A9BC324E6DG verified — matches OEIS
33 WVUTSRQPONLKJIHG7C813D59AE426 verified — matches OEIS
34 XWVUTSRQPONMLKJIEB72963C458F1DA verified — matches OEIS
35 YXWVUTRQPONMKJIBCG16H59328D4A verified — matches OEIS
36 ZYXWVUTSQPONMLKJF586A4E2B13D7HC verified — matches OEIS
37 αZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJHDB7A3G562E8F1C49 verified — matches OEIS
38 βαZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKGFDE2986BH3C4157A verified — matches OEIS
39 γβαZYXWVUTSRPONMLKJ54H31E72B9FAC8G6 verified — matches OEIS
40 δγαZYXVUTSRQPNMLJIFEC6AB13D9254H7K verified — matches OEIS; divergence flag cleared by direct solve
41 εδγβαZYXWVUTSRQPONMLJIFGC8574AED6H1932B verified — matches OEIS
42 ζεδγβαYXWVUTRQPONM6KDF8JA239G5HB14C verified — matches OEIS; bucket-certified
43 ηζεδγβαZYXWVUTSRQPONMKIAD5BCHFE78369421GJ verified — matches OEIS; bucket-certified
44 θηζεδγβαZYWVUTSRQPONGJ5H198CD2I76FE3AL4 verified — matches OEIS; bucket-certified
45 ιθηζεδγβZYXWVUTSQPONLM1D4GCH287EBAJ563F verified — matches OEIS; bucket-certified
46 κιθηζεδγβαZYXWVUTSRQPOLKJ628BID1G45F3CAH79E corrected — published value is suboptimal; see below
47 λκιθηζεδγβαZYXWVUTSRQPOMLKHGF7D46JI1ACE958B23 verified — matches OEIS; bucket-certified
48 μκιθηζεδγβαZYXVUTSRQPNMKL1J92B3HI8C675DEAF4O verified — matches OEIS; bucket-certified; peeling flag cleared
49 νμλκιθηζεδγβαZYXWVUTSRQPNMK9CJ23BFAE6GI81DHL547 CERTIFIED — first value beyond the published b-file
50 א‎νμλκιθηζεδγβαZYXWVUTSRQNMKDC6I897L4HBJEG2F531A CERTIFIED ×3 engines
51 ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεδγβαZXWVUTSRQPNLJDE758GKC2M43BA6F19I CERTIFIED ×2 methods
52 ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεγβαZYXWVUTSRPNLBCFJH765K9E1MAI2438G CERTIFIED ×2 methods
53 ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεδγβαZYXWVUTSRPONM8EG4FC75BLJK29A3DI6H1 STRONG (single-method exhaustive)
54 ה‎ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεδγβαZYXWVUTSPOMG75A1EHFC4K289D6B3NLJI STRONG (zero lex-greater prefixes)
55 ו‎ה‎ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκθηζεδγβαZYWVUTSRQOI1N8532AHG64EC9LKJD7F STRONG (single-method exhaustive)
56 ז‎ו‎ה‎ג‎ב‎א‎μλκιθηζδγβαZYXVUTRQPLCN5B967DA2JK4FMHE1I3S CERTIFIED ×2 methods
57 ח‎ז‎ו‎ה‎ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεδβαZYXWVUTSQPONFB2DI1MK86GA349E7CH5L STRONG (single-method exhaustive)
58 ט‎ח‎ז‎ו‎ה‎ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεδγβαZYXWVURQPONLCKADM763I9JFB85124HEG CERTIFIED ×2 methods
59 י‎ט‎ח‎ז‎ו‎ה‎ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεδγβαZYXWVUSRQPOM1G76E9AB43I8KLNJ2HDF5C STRONG (zero lex-greater prefixes)
60 כ‎י‎ט‎ח‎ו‎ה‎ד‎ג‎א‎νμλιθηζδγβαYXWVTNB7Q19SI648RHEL23DGMJC CERTIFIED ×2 methods
61 ל‎כ‎י‎ט‎ח‎ז‎ו‎ה‎ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεδγβαZYXWVTSRQP83BENAICGJ21OLHD64F7M59K STRONG (single-method exhaustive)
62 מ‎ל‎כ‎י‎ט‎ח‎ז‎ו‎ה‎ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεδγβαZYXWTSRQPOE57NBD4J6GHI9LM38CK21FA STRONG (zero lex-greater prefixes)
63 נ‎מ‎ל‎כ‎י‎ט‎ח‎ז‎ה‎ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλιθηζεδγβZYXWVUOGEHA8K5NC74PFDQJ6T31MB2L STRONG (single-method exhaustive, engine-confirmed)
64 ס‎נ‎מ‎ל‎כ‎י‎ט‎ח‎ז‎ו‎ה‎ד‎ג‎ב‎א‎νμλκιθηζεδγβαZYXVUTSRQPNHO6E72IM4BC83LAD1F9GJK5W STRONG (arithmetic maximality)

What the labels mean

  • CERTIFIED — independent engine families or methods produced the same value with exhaustive coverage; a proof of maximality defended by concordance.
  • STRONG — one engine family produced an exhaustive maximality argument (every prefix that could beat the value is refuted, exhausted, or bound-pruned). The residual risk is implementation error, not an unsearched region.
  • verified — matches the published OEIS value; independently recomputed by this project's engines (bases 41–49 additionally re-certified by the autonomous bucket driver, and bases 2–39 corroborated exactly by an independent 2020 Ruby solver — see docs/results/PROVENANCE.md).

Per-base evidence, proof artifacts, and the full ladder definitions: docs/results/FRONTIER-STATUS.md. The complete maximality arguments for the hard bases (54, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64) — including a(64)'s one-line arithmetic obstruction — are in docs/results/MAXIMALITY-ARGUMENTS.md. Wall-clock records and the hardness metrics per base: docs/results/HARDNESS-AND-TIMINGS.md.

The corrected a(46)

The published OEIS a(46) is suboptimal: it uses the correct (uniquely forced) digit set but drops digit 28 out of its descending slot. Verified independently twice, and re-certified by a second engine:

  • published: 315044747190120671695735975284033252460559821155925276163089767538975200
  • corrected: 315044747190120671695735975284412123404260147529994283460952247723479200

Details: docs/results/MAXIMALITY-ARGUMENTS.md.

Above base 64

Bases 65–89 (the exact ceiling of 128-bit arithmetic — lcm(1..89) overflows u128) were swept in a closed campaign: 22 bases refuted at their derived minimum widths, zero completions, b74/b82 bounded by budget, b86 out of the engine's structural reach. Every negative is bounded on both the width and release axes, so this is a statement about the campaign, not a proof about the range. Full record: docs/results/HIGH-BASE-RANGE-65-89.md. An external review of where the project should stop: docs/reviews/SHOULD-THE-PROJECT-STOP-AT-BASE-64.md.

Provenance

The sequence began as Enigma 1343: Digital Dividend (New Scientist, 4 June 2005) and was submitted to OEIS by Peter Boothe in January 2006. Francis Carr extended it to a(13) within a month — and Jes Wolfe, working on the problem under Boothe's advice, reached base 16 that year without submitting it. The public trail then rested for sixteen years until Michael S. Branicky independently found a(14)–a(17) in 2022. Wolfe returned in 2024 with a(18)–a(21) and the published b-file through base 48, and in 2026 carried the sequence to base 64 with maximality proven rather than assumed — which makes the a(46) correction an erratum against our own earlier b-file, not a dispute with anyone. A 2020 Ruby solver by the same author independently corroborates bases 2–39 (38/38 exact). Full lineage and cross-check record: docs/results/PROVENANCE.md.

Repository map

where what
docs/results/ values, evidence ladder, maximality arguments, campaign records
docs/theory/ the mathematics: forced sets, theorems, the open threshold conjecture
docs/engine/ how the solvers work; design docs and optimization history
docs/process/ LESSONS.md and operational footguns
docs/reviews/ external reviews, verbatim
scripts/, logs/, evidence/, run_ledgers/, manifest_archive/ campaign drivers and proof-bearing artifacts

Build & run

gcc -O2 -march=native -o a113028_v8 a113028_v8.c
./a113028_v8 2 48 1        # [lo] [hi] [verbose]

carrytrie.cpp is the production certification engine. Method overview: docs/engine/METHOD.md; development setup (the required git-hooks configuration) and engine history: docs/process/DEVELOPMENT.md.

After cloning, this is required, not optional:

git config core.hooksPath .githooks

License

CC0 1.0 Universal — public domain dedication. See LICENSE.

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OEIS A113028 solver and results

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